Mobocertinib – Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interaction

Mechanism of Action

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane receptor that regulates signaling pathways in the control of cellular proliferation. Mutations in these proteins have been associated with certain types of lung cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While the majority of _EGFR_ mutations associated with NSCLC involve the _EGFR_ L858R point mutation or exon 19 deletions (referred to as “classical” _EGFR_ mutations), less common _EGFR_ exon 20 insertion mutations carry a particularly poor prognosis and are associated with resistance to standard targeted EGFR inhibitors. Mobocertinib is an inhibitor of EGFR that irreversibly binds to and inhibits EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations at lower concentrations than wild-type EGFR proteins, exerting a pharmacologic effect on mutant variants at concentrations 1.5- to 10-fold lower than on wild-type proteins.

Mobocertinib is an inhibitor of EGFR that preferentially targets exon 20 insertion mutant variants. It is available as an oral capsule taken with or without food once daily. Mobocertinib can cause a concentration-dependent increase in QTc interval which may lead to life-threatening complications such as Torsades de Pointes. Patients with baseline risk factors for QTc prolongation should consider alternative medications or be monitored carefully throughout therapy. The use of concomitant QTc-prolonging medications should be avoided, as should concomitant inhibitors of CYP3A, as these may increase the concentration of mobocertinib and thus the risk of QTc-prolongation.

Indications

  • Mobocertinib is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion mutations whose disease has progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy.
  • For the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion mutations (as detected by a US FDA-approved test) whose disease has progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy
  • Mobocertinib is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion mutations whose disease has progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy.7
  • Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
  • Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Use in Cancer

Mobocertinib succinate is approved to treat:

Mobocertinib succinate is approved under FDA’s Accelerated Approval Program. As a condition of approval, confirmatory trial(s) must show that it provides a clinical benefit to these patients.

Mobocertinib succinate is also being studied in the treatment of other conditions.

Contraindications

  • low amount of magnesium in the blood
  • low amount of calcium in the blood
  • low amount of potassium in the blood
  • torsades de pointes, a type of abnormal heart rhythm
  • prolonged QT interval on EKG
  • chronic heart failure
  • abnormal EKG with QT changes from birth
  • pregnancy
  • a patient who is producing milk and breastfeeding
  • lung tissue problem

Dosage

Strengths: 40 mg

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

  • 160 mg orally once a day
  • Duration of therapy: Until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity

Renal Dose Adjustments

  • Mild to moderate renal dysfunction (estimated GFR 30 to 89 mL/min/1.73 m2): No adjustment recommended.
  • Severe renal dysfunction (estimated GFR less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2): Data not available
  • Estimated GFR 30 to 89 mL/min/1.73 m2 by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation
  • The recommended dosage has not been established for patients with severe renal dysfunction.

Liver Dose Adjustments

  • Mild or moderate liver dysfunction: No adjustment is recommended.
  • Severe liver dysfunction: Data not available
  • Mild liver dysfunction: Total bilirubin up to the upper limit of normal (ULN) and AST greater than ULN or total bilirubin greater than 1 to 1.5 times ULN (1 to 1.5 x ULN) and any AST
  • Moderate liver dysfunction: Total bilirubin 1.5 to 3 x ULN and any AST
  • Severe liver dysfunction: Total bilirubin greater than 3 x ULN and any AST
  • The recommended dosage has not been established for patients with severe liver dysfunction.

Dose Adjustments

Dose reduction levels for adverse reactions:

  • First dose reduction: 120 mg orally once a day
  • Second dose reduction: 80 mg orally once a day

QTc Interval Prolongation and Torsades de Pointes

  • Grade 2 (QTc interval 481 to 500 msec):
  • First occurrence: This drug should be withheld until Grade 1 or lower or baseline; upon recovery, this drug should resume at the same dose.
  • Recurrence: This drug should be withheld until Grade 1 or lower or baseline; upon recovery, this drug should resume at the next lower dose or should be permanently discontinued.
  • Grade 3 (QTc interval at least 501 msec or QTc interval increase of greater than 60 msec from baseline):
  • First occurrence: This drug should be withheld until Grade 1 or lower or baseline; upon recovery, this drug should resume at the next lower dose or should be permanently discontinued.
  • Recurrence: This drug should be permanently discontinued.
  • Grade 4 (torsades de pointes; polymorphic ventricular tachycardia; signs/symptoms of serious arrhythmia): This drug should be permanently discontinued.

Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)/Pneumonitis:

  • Any grade: This drug should be withheld if ILD/pneumonitis is suspected; if ILD/pneumonitis is confirmed, this drug should be permanently discontinued.

Decreased Ejection Fraction or Heart Failure:

  • Grade 2 decreased ejection fraction: This drug should be withheld until Grade 1 or lower or baseline.
  • If recovered to baseline within 2 weeks: This drug should resume at the same dose or the next lower dose.
  • If not recovered to baseline within 2 weeks: This drug should be permanently discontinued.
  • At least Grade 2 heart failure or Grade 3 or 4 decreased ejection fraction: This drug should be permanently discontinued.

Diarrhea:

  • Intolerable or recurrent Grade 2 or Grade 3: This drug should be withheld until Grade 1 or lower; this drug should resume at the same dose or the next lower dose.
  • Grade 4:
  • First occurrence: This drug should be withheld until Grade 1 or lower; this drug should resume at the next lower dose.
  • Recurrence: This drug should be permanently discontinued.

Other Adverse Reactions:

  • Intolerable or recurrent Grade 2 or Grade 3: This drug should be withheld until Grade 1 or lower; this drug should resume at the same dose or the next lower dose.
  • Grade 4:
  • First occurrence: This drug should be withheld until Grade 1 or lower.
  • If recovery occurs within 2 weeks: This drug should resume at the next lower dose.
  • If recovery does not occur within 2 weeks: This drug should be permanently discontinued.
  • Recurrence: This drug should be permanently discontinued.
  • Graded per National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events
  • Coadministration with Moderate CYP450 3A Inhibitors: Concomitant use should be avoided.
  • If coadministration cannot be avoided: The mobocertinib dose should be reduced by about 50% (i.e., from 160 to 80 mg, 120 to 40 mg, or 80 to 40 mg) and QTc interval should be monitored more frequently.
  • After the moderate CYP450 3A inhibitor has been discontinued for 3 to 5 elimination half-lives: Mobocertinib should resume at the dose taken before starting the moderate CYP450 3A inhibitor.

Administration advice:

  • Select patients with locally advanced/metastatic NSCLC for treatment with this drug based on the presence of EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations.
  • For information on US FDA-approved tests: fda.gov/CompanionDiagnostics
  • Administer with or without food, at the same time each day.
  • Swallow capsules whole; do not open, chew, or dissolve the contents of the capsules.
  • If a dose is vomited, do not administer an additional dose; administer the next dose as prescribed the following day.

Side Effects

The Most Common

  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • mouth sores
  • decreased appetite
  • weight loss
  • stomach pain
  • heartburn
  • rash
  • dry skin or itching
  • red, itchy, or irritated eyes
  • blurry vision
  • hair loss
  • nail infection
  • tiredness
  • muscle or bone pain
  • fatigue
  • runny nose
  • headache
  • diarrhea
  • cough
  • fever
  • shortness of breath
  • chest pain
  • swelling of your ankles and feet

More common

  • Agitation
  • bloating or swelling of the face, arms, hands, lower legs, or feet
  • bloody eye
  • blurred vision or blue-green halos seen around objects
  • coma
  • confusion
  • decreased urine output
  • depression
  • diarrhea
  • dizziness
  • dry eyes
  • fainting
  • fast, pounding, or irregular heartbeat or pulse
  • headache
  • hostility
  • irregular heartbeat recurrent
  • irritability
  • lethargy
  • muscle twitching
  • nausea
  • nervousness
  • palpitations
  • pounding in the ears
  • rapid weight gain
  • redness, swelling, and/or itching of the eyelid
  • seizures
  • sensitivity of the eyes to light
  • stupor
  • swelling of the face, ankles, or hands
  • tingling of the hands or feet
  • unusual tiredness or weakness
  • unusual weight gain or loss

Rare

  • Chest pain or discomfort
  • chills
  • cough
  • dilated neck veins
  • fever
  • a general feeling of discomfort or illness
  • irregular breathing
  • swelling of the face, fingers feet, or lower legs
  • thickening of bronchial secretions
  • trouble breathing
  • Acid or sour stomach
  • belching
  • body aches or pain
  • burning, numbness, tingling, or painful sensations
  • cracked lips
  • decreased appetite
  • difficulty in moving
  • ear congestion
  • heartburn
  • indigestion
  • loosening of the fingernails
  • loss or thinning of the hair
  • loss of voice
  • muscle or bone pain
  • pain in the arms or legs
  • rash
  • redness or soreness around the fingernails
  • sneezing
  • sore throat
  • sores, ulcers, or white spots on the lips, tongue, or inside the mouth
  • stomach discomfort, upset, or pain
  • stuffy or runny nose
  • swelling or inflammation of the mouth
  • tender, swollen glands in the neck
  • trouble in swallowing
  • unsteadiness or awkwardness
  • voice changes
  • vomiting
  • weakness in the arms, hands, legs, or fee
  • Redness, swelling, pain of the skin
  • scaling of the skin on the hands and feet
  • ulceration of the skin

Drug interaction

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Pregnancy and Lactation

US FDA pregnancy category: Not assigned.

Pregnancy

Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)], EXKIVITY can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. There are no available data on EXKIVITY use in pregnant women. Oral administration of mobocertinib to pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis resulted in embryolethality (embryo-fetal death) and maternal toxicity at plasma exposures approximately 1.7 times the human exposure based on AUC at the 160 mg once daily clinical dose (see Data). Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage
in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.

Lactation

There are no data on the presence of mobocertinib or its metabolites in human milk or their effects on the breastfed child or on milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed children, advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with EXKIVITY and for 1 week after the last dose.

How should this medicine be used?

Mobocertinib comes as a capsule to take by mouth. It is usually taken once daily with or without food. The length of your treatment depends on how well this medication works for you, and the side effects that you experience. Take mobocertinib at around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take mobocertinib exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.

Swallow the capsules whole; do not open, chew, crush, or dissolve them.

If you vomit after taking mobocertinib, do not take another dose. Continue your regular dosing schedule.

Your doctor may decrease your dose, or interrupt or discontinue your treatment. This depends on how well the medication works for you and the side effects you experience. Talk to your doctor about how you are feeling during your treatment. Continue to take mobocertinib even if you feel well. Do not stop taking mobocertinib without talking to your doctor. Ask your pharmacist or doctor for a copy of the manufacturer’s information for the patient.

What special precautions should I follow?

Before taking mobocertinib,

  • tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to mobocertinib, any other medications, or any of the ingredients in mobocertinib capsules. Ask your pharmacist for a list of the ingredients.
  • tell your doctor and pharmacist what other prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Be sure to mention the medications listed in the IMPORTANT WARNING section and any of the following: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors such as benazepril (Lotensin, in Lotrel), captopril, enalapril (Epaned, Vasotec, in Vaseretic), fosinopril, lisinopril (Prinivil, Qbrelis, Zestril, in Zestoretic), moexipril, perindopril, (in Prestalia), quinapril (Accupril, in Accuretic, in Quinaretic), ramipril (Altace), and trandolapril; angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) such as azilsartan (Edarbi, in Edarbyclor), candesartan (Atacand, in Atacand HCT), eprosartan (Teveten), irbesartan (Avapro, in Avalide), losartan (Cozaar, in Hyzaar), and valsartan (Diovan, in Diovan HCT, in Exforge, others); diuretics (‘water pills’); efavirenz (Sustiva, in Atripla, in Symfi); hormonal contraceptives (birth control pills, patches, rings, implants, or injections); midazolam; rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane); and sulfasalazine (Azulfidine). Your doctor may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects. Many other medications may also interact with mobocertinib, so be sure to tell your doctor about all the medications you are taking, even those that do not appear on this list.
  • tell your doctor if you have or have ever had asthma, emphysema, or other breathing problems (other than lung cancer); or kidney or liver disease.
  • tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or if you plan on fathering a child. If you are female, you will need to take a pregnancy test before you start treatment and use birth control to prevent pregnancy during your treatment and for 1 month after your final dose. Talk to your doctor about which methods you should use; hormonal contraceptives (birth control pills, patches, implants, rings, or injections) may not work well in women who are taking mobocertinib. If you are a male, you and your partner should use birth control during your treatment with mobocertinib and for 7 days after your final dose. If you or your partner become pregnant while taking mobocertinib, call your doctor immediately. Mobocertinib may harm the fetus.
  • tell your doctor if you are breastfeeding. You should not breastfeed while you are taking mobocertinib and for 7 days after the final dose.
  • you should know that mobocertinib often causes diarrhea, which can be severe. Call your doctor if you have diarrhea while taking mobocertinib. Your doctor may tell you to drink plenty of liquids, make changes in your diet, and take medication to control the diarrhea and prevent dehydration (loss of too much water from your body). Call your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following symptoms of dehydration: extreme thirst, dry mouth and/or skin, decreased urination, sunken eyes, or fast heartbeat.

References

  1. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-grants-accelerated-approval-mobocertinib-metastatic-non-small-cell-lung-cancer-egfr-exon-20
  2. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Mobocertinib
  3. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Mobocertinib-succinate
  4. https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB16390
  5. https://www.drugs.com/mobocertinib.html
  6. https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a621048.html
  7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobocertinib
  8. https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-182325/mobocertinib-oral/details/list-contraindications
  9. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/mobocertinib-succinate
  10. Guide to Pharmacology Target Classification
  11. ChemIDplus Chemical Information Classification
  12. NCI Thesaurus Tree
  13. PubChem