Malignant paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a very dangerous type of fast heart rhythm that starts in the lower chambers of the heart, called the ventricles. In this condition, the heart ...
Benign lymphoreticulosis is an older medical name for cat-scratch disease, an infection that mainly affects the lymph nodes after a scratch, bite, or lick from an infected cat. It is caused most ...
A hamartoma is a non-cancerous (benign) growth made from the same types of cells that normally live in that organ, but they are mixed and arranged in a disorganized way. It is like a “fault” in local ...
Castleman’s tumour (Castleman disease) is a rare disorder of lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are small glands that filter germs and help the immune system. In this disease, one or many lymph nodes grow too ...
Benign angiofollicular hyperplasia is a non-cancer growth of lymph node tissue. It means that the lymph node (a small gland that helps fight infections) becomes bigger and more active than normal, ...
Angiomatous lymphoid hamartoma is an old name that doctors used for what we now usually call Castleman disease, especially the hyaline-vascular / hypervascular (angiomatous) type that looks like a ...
Angiolymphoid hyperplasia is a benign (non-cancer) growth made of small blood vessels and immune cells. It happens when tiny arteries and veins in the skin or just under the skin start to grow more ...
Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia is another name for Castleman disease. It is a rare problem of the lymph nodes, where the lymph node tissue grows too much and becomes enlarged. The growth is ...
Angiofollicular lymph hyperplasia (angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia) is a rare disease where one or more lymph nodes grow too much and become abnormally large. “Lymph” refers to the lymphatic ...
Angiofollicular ganglionic hyperplasia (Castleman disease) is a rare disorder of the lymph nodes, which are small glands that help your immune system fight infection. In this disease, some lymph ...
Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymph node disorder. It comes in two main forms: unicentric (UCD)—one lymph-node region—and multicentric (MCD)—many regions. UCD is usually cured by surgery; MCD ...
McKusick type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (cartilage-hair hypoplasia, CHH) is a rare, inherited bone-growth disorder. Babies and children have short limbs, loose joints, and fine, sparse hair. Some ...
Cartilage-hair hypoplasia syndrome is a rare genetic condition that affects the bones, hair, blood, and immune system. It is present from birth and usually lasts for life. Children with this syndrome ...
Autosomal recessive metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (often called McKusick-type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia or “cartilage-hair hypoplasia”) usually refers to a rare genetic disorder called ...
Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is a rare genetic condition. It mainly affects bone growth, hair, and the immune system. Children are usually short from birth. Bones, especially in the arms and legs, ...
Chondrosarcoma is a cancer that starts from cartilage-forming cells. It most often grows in bones of the pelvis, ribs, shoulder girdle, or skull base, and less often in soft tissue. The main cure is ...
A malignant cartilage neoplasm is a cancer that starts from cells that make cartilage, the smooth, rubbery tissue that cushions joints. The most common type is chondrosarcoma. It usually grows in the ...
Cartilaginous cancer—called chondrosarcoma—is a malignant tumor that forms from cartilage-producing cells. It most often starts in the pelvis, shoulder, ribs, or long bones, and tends to grow slowly ...
Cancer of cartilage tissue is a rare cancer that starts in cartilage—the smooth, rubbery tissue that cushions the ends of bones at joints and forms parts of the ribs, nose, and pelvis. “Conventional” ...
Cartilage cancer is usually called chondrosarcoma in medical books. It is a malignant (cancerous) tumor that starts in cartilage cells, most often in the bones of the pelvis, ribs, shoulder, or long ...
Paraganglioma is a rare tumor that grows from special nerve-related cells called paraganglia. These cells sit beside blood vessels and nerves throughout the body. They are part of the autonomic ...
A neoplasm of the carotid body (also called a carotid body tumor, a type of head-and-neck paraganglioma) is a growth that starts in the carotid body, a tiny sensor that sits where the big neck artery ...
Chemodectomas (also called head & neck paragangliomas most commonly carotid body, jugulotympanic, vagal, or laryngeal tumors) are rare tumors that grow from tiny nerve-related cells called ...
A carotid body paraganglioma (CBP) is a slow-growing tumor that starts in the carotid body, a small sensor at the split of the carotid artery in the neck. The carotid body helps the body sense the ...
SDHC-Related Paraganglioma and Gastric Stromal Sarcoma (Gastric GIST) are rare growths that arise from nerve-related cells called paraganglia. These cells sit along blood vessels and nerves and help ...
Paraganglioma and gastric stromal sarcoma syndrome—better known medically as the Carney–Stratakis syndrome (CSS)—is a rare, inherited condition where a person can develop two kinds of tumors: (1) ...
Uterine corpus malignant mixed Müllerian tumour (MMMT), also called uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS)— is a rare, fast-growing cancer that starts in the lining of the womb (endometrium). It contains two ...
Uterine corpus malignant mixed mesodermal (Müllerian) tumor is a rare, very aggressive cancer that starts in the lining of the womb (the endometrium). It has two parts inside the same tumor: a cancer ...
Uterine carcinosarcoma is a rare, very aggressive cancer of the womb (uterus). It looks like a “mixed” tumor because it has two parts at the same time: a carcinoma (cancer from inner lining gland ...
Mixed Müllerian sarcoma of the uterus—better known today as uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS)—is a rare, aggressive cancer that starts in the womb (uterus). It contains two kinds of cancer cells in the ...
Malignant mixed Müllerian tumor of the corpus uteri is a very aggressive cancer that starts in the lining of the uterus (the endometrium). Doctors now most often call it uterine carcinosarcoma. ...
Malignant mixed mesodermal tumour of the uterine corpus is a rare, very aggressive cancer that starts in the lining of the uterus (the endometrium). It has two parts inside the same tumour: (1) a ...
Malignant mixed mesodermal tumor of the uterus is a rare, fast-growing cancer that starts in the womb (uterus). It has two cancer parts mixed together in the same tumor: a carcinoma part (from lining ...
Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Neoplasm of the Uterus is a rare, very aggressive cancer of the uterus that contains two parts in the same tumor: a cancer of the inner lining of the uterus (the epithelial ...
Corpus Uteri Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Tumor (MMMT) is a rare and very aggressive cancer that starts in the lining of the womb (the endometrium) and contains two kinds of cancer cells in the same ...
Carcinosarcoma of the body of the uterus is a rare, very aggressive cancer that begins in the lining of the uterus (endometrium) and contains two kinds of malignant tissue in the same tumor: a ...
Carcinosarcoma of the corpus uteri is a rare, very aggressive cancer of the womb (uterus). It has two parts inside the same tumor: a carcinoma part (from the inner lining called endometrium) and a ...
A Müllerian mixed tumour (also called carcinosarcoma) is a rare, fast-growing cancer of the uterus or other organs that come from the Müllerian system. It has two parts in the same tumour: one part ...
A mesodermal mixed tumor is a rare cancer that has two parts living together in the same mass: (1) an epithelial (carcinoma) part and (2) a mesenchymal (sarcoma) part. Because it mixes these two ...
A malignant mixed Müllerian tumor (MMMT), also called uterine carcinosarcoma, is a rare, fast-growing cancer that contains two cancers in one: a carcinoma (a cancer that starts from the lining cells) ...
Malignant mixed mesodermal (Müllerian) tumor (MMMT)—now usually called uterine carcinosarcoma—is a rare, fast-growing cancer that starts in the lining of the uterus (the endometrium). It is called ...
Malignant carcinosarcoma is a rare, aggressive cancer that contains two kinds of cancer cells in the same tumor: (1) gland or surface-type cells (“carcinoma,” the epithelial part) and (2) ...
Carcinosarcoma is a rare and aggressive cancer that has two parts in the same tumor: a carcinoma part (made of cells that look like the lining cells of organs) and a sarcoma part (made of cells that ...
Esophageal carcinoma is a cancer that starts in the inner lining of the esophagus—the long, muscular tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach. Over time, abnormal cells grow in an ...
Carcinoma of the esophagus is a cancer that starts in the inner lining of the esophagus, the food pipe that carries food and drink from the mouth to the stomach. Most esophageal cancers begin in the ...
Malignant carcinoid syndrome is a group of body problems caused by a cancer called a neuroendocrine tumor (NET). These tumors make and release powerful chemicals like serotonin, tachykinins, ...
Giant acuminate warts are very large, cauliflower-like growths that form on the genital or anal skin. They are caused by certain types of the human papillomavirus (HPV), most often the low-risk types ...
Buschke-Löwenstein giant condyloma is a very large, wart-like growth that forms in the anogenital area. It grows slowly but can become huge and look like a cauliflower. It pushes into nearby skin and ...
Anogenital verrucous carcinoma of Buschke–Löwenstein is a large, cauliflower-like, slow-growing tumor in the genital or anal area. It develops from long-standing human papillomavirus (HPV) ...
Buschke–Löwenstein tumor is a very large, slow-growing, warty tumor in the genital or anal area. Doctors also call it giant condyloma acuminatum. It is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), most ...
Burkitt lymphoma is a very fast-growing cancer of mature B lymphocytes. The tumor cells divide extremely quickly, so the disease can double in size in hours to days. Almost all cases carry a change ...
Burkitt's type malignant lymphoma - small non-cleaved (historically called “small non-cleaved” lymphoma; now classified as Burkitt lymphoma) is a very fast-growing cancer of B lymphocytes, which are ...
Burkitt’s tumor is a very fast-growing cancer of B lymphocytes (B cells), which are white blood cells that normally help your body fight infection. The cancer cells divide quickly and can form large ...
Burkitt’s lymphoma is a very fast-growing cancer of the immune system. It starts in B lymphocytes, which are white blood cells that help your body make antibodies. In this disease, the cancer cells ...
Burkitt lymphoma is a very fast-growing cancer of mature B-lymphocytes. The cancer cells usually carry a change in their DNA called an IG::MYC rearrangement—this turns on the MYC oncogene and makes ...
Burkitt lymphoma is a very fast-growing cancer of B lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that normally helps your body fight infections. In this disease, a genetic change turns the MYC gene “on” ...
CYLD cutaneous syndrome (CCS) is a rare inherited condition in which people develop many small skin tumors—most often cylindromas, spiradenomas, and trichoepitheliomas—that start in the hair-follicle ...
Breast angiosarcoma is a rare, fast-growing cancer that starts in the cells lining blood vessels or lymph vessels within the breast or the breast skin. Because it comes from vascular (vessel-lining) ...
Intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma—Bowen’s type is an early skin cancer that sits only in the top layer of the skin (the epidermis). The cancer cells are abnormal and fill the whole thickness of ...
Intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC in situ, Bowen disease) is an early, non-invasive skin cancer confined to the epidermis. Cells look malignant under the microscope but haven’t broken ...
Botryoid-type embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is a cancer that starts from very early cells that can grow into skeletal muscle. “Botryoid” means “grape-like.” These tumors often grow as polyp-like ...
Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma (also called sarcoma botryoides) is a cancer that grows from very early cells that can become skeletal muscle. It is a special subtype of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. It ...
An ovarian low malignant potential tumor—also called a borderline ovarian tumor—is a growth that starts from the surface lining (epithelium) of the ovary. It is not completely benign, because the ...
Low malignant potential (LMP) ovarian tumor (also called a borderline ovarian tumor) is a growth that looks abnormal under the microscope but does not behave like typical cancer. It tends to grow ...
A Epithelial tumor of the ovary of borderline malignancy (also called a “tumor of low malignant potential”) is an epithelial ovarian growth that shows abnormal cell changes under the microscope but ...
A Epithelial Ovarian Tumor of Borderline Malignancy is a growth that starts from the surface lining (epithelium) of the ovary. The cells look more abnormal than a benign cyst, but they do not invade ...
A borderline ovarian surface epithelial-stromal tumour is a growth that starts in the surface lining cells of the ovary. The cells multiply more than normal and look a bit abnormal under a ...
A borderline ovarian epithelial tumour is an abnormal growth that starts in the thin surface layer of the ovary. Doctors call that layer the “epithelium.” The growth has more cells, more crowding, ...
A borderline epithelial tumor of the ovary is a growth that starts from the surface-lining cells (epithelium) of the ovary. It is not a simple benign cyst, but it also does not show the deep, ...
Primary osteosarcoma is a cancer that starts in the bone itself. The tumor cells are abnormal bone-forming cells. They make a disorganized, immature bone matrix called osteoid right inside the tumor. ...
Osteogenic sarcoma, also called osteosarcoma, is a cancer that starts in bone-forming cells. These cancer cells make immature bone (“osteoid”) inside the tumor. It most often affects the long bones ...
Osteosarcoma is a cancer that starts in the bone-making cells. These cells normally build the hard mineral part of bone. In osteosarcoma they grow out of control and make abnormal bone tissue. It ...
Trichodiscomas are small, harmless bumps that grow from hair-follicle tissue in the skin. Doctors call them hamartomas, which means an overgrowth of normal skin parts rather than a true cancer. They ...
Fibrofolliculomas are small, smooth, skin-colored bumps that grow around a hair follicle. They are benign (not cancer). Each bump is usually 2–4 mm across, dome-shaped, and the surface feels smooth ...
Fibrofolliculomas and trichodiscomas are small, smooth, skin-colored to white bumps that usually show up on the face, neck, behind the ears, and upper trunk. They are benign growths from around the ...
A malignant tumor of the biliary tract is a cancer that starts in the thin tubes that carry bile. These tubes are called the bile ducts, and they run inside the liver and outside the liver to the ...
A malignant biliary tree neoplasm is a cancer that starts in the tubes that carry bile. These tubes are called the bile ducts. They run inside the liver and outside the liver. The cancer can also ...
Biliary tree cancer means cancer that starts in the thin tubes that carry bile from the liver to the small intestine. Doctors group it as intrahepatic (inside the liver), perihilar (at the liver ...
Biliary tract cancer is a group of cancers that start in the tubes and organs that carry and store bile. Bile is a yellow-green fluid the liver makes to help digest fat. These cancers can begin in ...
Benign paroxysmal tonic upgaze of childhood with ataxia is a rare, early-life movement and eye-movement condition. “Paroxysmal” means it comes in bursts or spells. “Tonic upgaze” means the eyes hold ...
Benign familial convulsions are brief seizures in babies who are otherwise well. “Benign” (now replaced by the term self-limited) means seizures stop by themselves over time. “Familial” means more ...
Benign familial neonatal seizures (BFNS) is a rare, inherited epilepsy syndrome that starts in the first days of life, usually between day 2 and day 8 after birth. Babies are otherwise healthy. They ...
Benign neonatal seizures are seizures that start in the first days of life in otherwise healthy newborns and then stop on their own over the next weeks or months. Today, specialists often call the ...
Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid is a chronic autoimmune blistering disease that mainly attacks moist linings of the body, called mucous membranes. These include the mouth, eyes, nose, throat, ...
Benign intracranial hypertension (Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension, IIH) is a condition where the pressure of the fluid around the brain (cerebrospinal fluid, CSF) is too high without a brain ...
Benign familial infantile convulsions are seizures that start in otherwise healthy infants in the first year of life, run in families, and tend to stop on their own over months. Many cases are linked ...
Cystosarcoma phyllode of the breast —now usually called a phyllodes tumor—is a rare breast growth that starts in the connective (stromal) tissue of the breast (not in milk ducts or lobules). It often ...
A fibroepithelial breast lump is a growth in the breast made of two parts: fibrous (support) tissue and gland (milk-duct) tissue. The two main types are fibroadenoma (very common and benign) and ...
A benign breast phyllodes tumor is a rare, fast-growing fibroepithelial breast lump made of breast ducts and a leaf-like (phyllodes) overgrowth of supporting tissue. “Benign” means the cells look ...
Basal cell carcinoma with follicular differentiation (BCC-FD) is a special pathologic variant of basal cell carcinoma (the most common skin cancer). In this variant, the cancer cells show features of ...
Tumor Susceptibility Linked to Germline BAP1 Mutations is an inherited condition. A person is born with a harmful change (mutation) in one copy of the BAP1 gene, which is a tumor-suppressor gene. ...
Tumor Predisposition Syndrome 1” refers to a rare, inherited condition caused by harmful (pathogenic) changes in the BAP1 gene. The BAP1 gene normally helps control how cells grow, repair DNA damage, ...
Malignant Hyperthermia Syndrome is a dangerous reaction of the body’s skeletal muscles to some anesthesia medicines. In people who carry certain inherited changes (variants) in muscle-calcium control ...
B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia is a rare, aggressive leukemia that arises from mature B-lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). Under the microscope, the blood and bone marrow show a high number of ...
B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia is a very rare, fast-growing cancer of mature B-lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). In this disease, the blood, bone marrow, and often the spleen fill up with ...
Grey zone lymphoma (now called mediastinal grey zone lymphoma, MGZL, in the 5th edition WHO classification) is a rare cancer of B-lymphocytes that shows overlapping features of two better-known ...
B-cell Lymphoma, Unclassifiable, with Features Intermediate Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma are cancers that begin in B-cells, a type of white blood cell that makes antibodies. These cancers grow in ...
B-cell lymphocytic neoplasms are cancers that begin in B-cells, a type of white blood cell that makes antibodies. These cancers grow in the lymph nodes, bone marrow, blood, spleen, or other organs. ...
B-cell lymphoma is a cancer that starts in B lymphocytes, which are white blood cells that normally make antibodies to help you fight germs. In lymphoma, some B cells develop DNA changes that make ...
Chronic lymphoplasmacytic leukemia (often called Waldenström macroglobulinemia) is a slow-growing cancer of B-cells that behave like a mix of small lymphocytes and plasma cells. These cells live in ...
B-Hematopoietic Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a slow-growing blood cancer. It starts from B lymphocytes—a kind of white blood cell that is made in the bone marrow. In CLL, many B cells become ...
B-familial chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a slow-growing blood cancer that starts in B lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell that helps make antibodies). In this condition, the body makes many ...
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a slow-growing blood cancer. It starts when a group of white blood cells called B-lymphocytes in the bone marrow begin to grow and live longer than they should. ...
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a slow-growing cancer of the blood and bone marrow. It starts from B lymphocytes (B cells), a type of white blood cell that normally helps your body make ...
B-cell chronic lymphogenous leukaemia is a slow-growing blood cancer that starts in B lymphocytes, which are white blood cells that help your immune system make antibodies. In CLL, a single abnormal ...
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) / small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) is a blood and bone-marrow cancer. It starts from B lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell that normally makes ...
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a slow-growing blood cancer where the bone marrow and lymph nodes produce too many abnormal B-lymphocytes. These cells look mature, but they do not work ...
Osteomesopycnosis is a very rare, benign bone condition. It causes patchy hardening of bone (osteosclerosis) that is mainly limited to the axial skeleton — the spine, pelvis, and sometimes the upper ...
Autosomal recessive malignant osteopetrosis due to TNFSF11 mutation is a rare, severe bone disease that starts in early life. The body makes bone but cannot remove old bone, because osteoclasts (the ...
TCIRG1-related autosomal recessive malignant osteopetrosis is a severe genetic bone disease that starts in infancy. In this disease, special bone-eating cells called osteoclasts cannot dissolve old ...
Infantile malignant osteopetrosis is a rare, severe bone disease that starts in early infancy. The bones become too dense and heavy because cells called osteoclasts cannot break down old bone ...
Autosomal recessive malignant osteopetrosis is a very serious, inherited bone disease that starts in infancy. In this disease, the body makes bone that is too dense and too hard, but the bone is also ...
