Lumbar Disc Lateral Recess Bulging

Lumbar disc lateral recess bulging refers to an outward protrusion of an intervertebral disc into the lateral recess—the channel through which spinal nerve roots exit the spinal canal. Unlike central herniations that impinge on the spinal cord or cauda equina, lateral recess bulges compress individual nerve roots in the foramen or lateral recess, often resulting in radicular pain, sensory changes, or motor weakness in a specific dermatome. This condition is common in middle-aged and elderly populations due to age-related degeneration of the lumbar discs and facet joints. Understanding its anatomy, classification, causes, symptoms, and diagnostic evaluation is essential for evidence-based management.

---

Anatomy of the Lateral Recess Region

A full grasp of lateral recess bulging begins with the detailed anatomy of the lumbar spine, intervertebral discs, and adjacent structures.

Structure and Location

• Intervertebral Disc

  • Nucleus Pulposus: Gelatinous center rich in proteoglycans and water, providing hydrodynamic shock absorption.

  • Annulus Fibrosus: Concentric lamellae of collagen fibers oriented alternately to contain the nucleus and resist torsional forces.

• Lateral Recess

  • A bony canal between the medial border of the pedicle and the lateral margin of the superior articular facet. Nerve roots traverse here before entering the neural foramen.

Origin and Insertion

• Discs span from the inferior endplate of one vertebra to the superior endplate of the vertebra below.

• The annulus attaches circumferentially to the vertebral ring apophysis, while the nucleus is centrally anchored within.

Blood Supply

1. Peripheral Annulus Vessels: Small branches from the lumbar segmental arteries penetrate the outer third of the annulus.

2. Vertebral Endplate Vessels: Endplate capillaries supply nutrients via diffusion to the inner annulus and nucleus.

Nerve Supply

• Recurrent Meningeal (Sinuvertebral) Nerves

  • Innervate the outer annulus fibrosus, posterior longitudinal ligament, and periosteum of vertebrae.

• Ventral Ramus Branches

  • Small nociceptive fibers detect painful stimuli from degenerated discs.

Key Functions

1. Load Bearing

   • Discs carry approximately 80% of compressive loads in the lumbar spine.

2. Shock Absorption

   • Nucleus fluid redistributes pressure with movement, reducing impact on bony structures.

3. Flexibility

   • Annular lamellae allow bending, twisting, and extension while maintaining disc integrity.

4. Height Maintenance

   • Disc thickness preserves intervertebral foramen height, ensuring nerve root clearance.

5. Spinal Stability

   • Discs and facet joints collaborate to maintain proper vertebral alignment under dynamic loads.

6. Force Transmission

   • Discs transmit shear and compressive forces evenly across vertebral endplates.

---

Types of Lateral Recess Bulging

Lateral recess bulges may be classified by morphology, severity, and location:

1. Diffuse Bulge

   • Broad-based protrusion affecting more than 25% of the disc circumference.

2. Focal Protrusion

   • Localized protrusion less than 25% of the circumference, often unilateral.

3. Extrusion

   • Annular rupture with nuclear material breaching into the recess, connected to the disc by a neck smaller than the protrusion.

4. Sequestration

   • Free fragment of nuclear material detached entirely from the disc, migrating into the lateral recess.

5. Calcified Bulge

   • Disc material with calcium deposition, often more rigid and symptomatic.

6. Combined Lateral and Foraminal Bulge

   • Extension into both the lateral recess and neural foramen, potentially compressing two levels of nerve roots.

---

Causes of Lateral Recess Bulging

1. Age-Related Degeneration

   • Proteoglycan loss leads to reduced disc hydration and annular fissures.

2. Repetitive Microtrauma

   • Occupational bending, lifting, or vibration gradually weakens annular fibers.

3. Acute Heavy Lifting

   • Sudden axial overload can tear the annulus, allowing nucleus to bulge.

4. Poor Posture

   • Prolonged flexion or extension alters disc loading patterns.

5. Scoliosis

   • Asymmetric loading increases stress on one side’s lateral recess.

6. Obesity

   • Excess weight increases axial compressive forces on lumbar discs.

7. Smoking

   • Nicotine reduces endplate perfusion, exacerbating disc degeneration.

8. Genetic Predisposition

   • Variants in collagen type IX genes linked to early disc degeneration.

9. Facet Joint Arthropathy

   • Hypertrophy of facet joints encroaches on lateral recess space.

10. Ligamentum Flavum Hypertrophy

    • Thickening of ligament reduces recess diameter.

11. Spinal Stenosis

    • Combined degenerative changes narrow the recess.

12. Spinal Osteoporosis

    • Vertebral endplate microfractures weaken support for discs.

13. Previous Spinal Surgery

    • Scar tissue and altered biomechanics predispose to adjacent segment bulging.

14. Inflammatory Arthropathies

    • Rheumatoid or ankylosing spondylitis can accelerate degeneration.

15. Metabolic Disorders

    • Diabetes mellitus impairs disc nutrition and repair mechanisms.

16. Sedentary Lifestyle

    • Lack of core muscle support increases disc stress.

17. High-Impact Sports

    • Gymnasts, football players, and weightlifters show earlier disc wear.

18. Congenital Spinal Anomalies

    • Spina bifida occulta or transitional vertebrae alter normal load distribution.

19. Vertebral Endplate Defects

    • Schmorl’s nodes permit nucleus migration into vertebral bodies, weakening disc.

20. Medication-Induced Bone Loss

    • Long-term corticosteroid use reduces vertebral support for discs.

Each cause represents a unique pathophysiological pathway leading to annular weakening or recess narrowing, culminating in nerve root compression.

---

Symptoms of Lateral Recess Bulging

1. Radicular Pain

   • Sharp, shooting pain radiating along the affected nerve’s dermatome (e.g., anterolateral thigh for L2–L3).

2. Paresthesia

   • Tingling or “pins-and-needles” sensation in the leg or foot.

3. Numbness

   • Reduced sensation over the specific dermatome.

4. Muscle Weakness

   • Difficulty lifting toes (L5) or plantar flexion (S1).

5. Reflex Changes

   • Diminished patellar (L4) or Achilles (S1) reflexes.

6. Neurogenic Claudication

   • Leg pain and weakness on walking, relieved by flexion or sitting.

7. Postural Pain

   • Worsening pain on standing or extension (facet-loading).

8. Back Stiffness

   • Limited lumbar flexion/extension range.

9. Gait Disturbance

   • Antalgic or foot-drop gait pattern.

10. Muscle Spasm

    • Reflexive contraction of paraspinal muscles.

11. Radicular Sensitivity

    • Tenderness along the sciatic or femoral nerve path.

12. Positive Straight-Leg-Raise

    • Reproduction of leg pain when the straightened leg is lifted.

13. Pain on Sneezing/Coughing

    • Increased intradiscal pressure aggravates symptoms.

14. Bladder or Bowel Changes

    • Rare in lateral recess bulge (more common in central stenosis).

15. Sexual Dysfunction

    • Possible with severe S1 nerve root involvement.

16. Lower Back Ache

    • Dull, aching pain localized to the affected segment.

17. Unilateral Leg Pain

    • Pain predominantly on one side, reflecting focal nerve root compression.

18. Sensory Level

    • Distinct sensory deficit boundary along a dermatome.

19. Night Pain

    • Resting pain disturbing sleep.

20. Pain Relief with Flexion

    • Symptoms abate when leaning forward, unloading the posterior elements.

Each symptom often overlaps; a thorough history and examination help determine the primary nerve root level affected.

---

Diagnostic Tests

Accurate diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical, laboratory, electrophysiological, and imaging studies.

A. Physical Examination

1. Inspection

   • Observe posture, spinal alignment, and gait.

2. Palpation

   • Tenderness over spinous processes, facets, and paraspinal muscles.

3. Range of Motion (ROM)

   • Measure forward flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation.

4. Straight-Leg-Raise (SLR) Test

   • Leg lift 0–70°; pain radiating below the knee indicates nerve root stretch.

5. Crossed Straight-Leg-Raise

   • SLR on the asymptomatic side reproducing pain contralaterally.

6. Femoral Nerve Stretch Test

   • Prone knee flexion; anterior thigh pain suggests L2–L4 root involvement.

7. Valsalva Maneuver

   • Increases intrathecal pressure; exacerbation of back or leg pain supports space-occupying lesion.

8. Gait Assessment

   • Observe heel-strike, toe-off, and antalgic patterns.

B. Manual Tests

9. Facet Joint Loading (Extension-Rotation) Test

   • Lumbar extension and rotation reproduce localized pain.

10. Prone Instability Test

    • Pain relief when stabilizing posterior elements indicates segmental instability.

11. Segmental Mobility Testing

    • Paired motion palpation assesses hypomobile or hypermobile segments.

12. Slump Test

    • Seated flexion of spine with neck flexion, reproducing radicular pain.

C. Laboratory & Pathological Tests

13. Complete Blood Count (CBC)

    • Rule out infection/inflammation (e.g., elevated WBC).

14. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) / C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

    • Elevated in inflammatory arthropathies or infection.

15. Disc Biopsy (Rare)

    • Indicated if discitis or neoplastic infiltration is suspected.

D. Electrodiagnostic Tests

16. Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV)

    • Detects slowed conduction across compressed nerve roots.

17. Electromyography (EMG)

    • Identifies denervation changes in myotomes innervated by the affected nerve root.

18. Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SSEPs)

    • Measures dorsal column function; often normal in pure lateral recess bulge.

19. H-Reflex Testing

    • Evaluates the S1 nerve root reflex arc; delayed in S1 radiculopathy.

20. F-Wave Study

    • Proximal conduction evaluation in peripheral nerves.

E. Imaging Tests

21. Plain Radiographs (X-Ray)

    • Anteroposterior and lateral views assess alignment, disc space narrowing, osteophytes.

22. Flexion-Extension X-Rays

    • Evaluate for spondylolisthesis or segmental instability.

23. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan

    • Bony detail; reveals facet hypertrophy, osteophytes, and lateral recess dimensions.

24. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

    • Gold-standard for soft-tissue visualization: disc bulge, nerve root compression, ligament hypertrophy.

25. CT Myelogram

    • Contrast injection highlights root sleeves within the recess; beneficial if MRI contraindicated.

26. Ultrasound

    • Limited role; can guide injections and assess paraspinal muscle morphology.

27. Bone Scan (Technetium-99m)

    • Detects increased uptake in active degenerative facets or occult fractures.

28. Discography

    • Provocative injection reproduces pain, maps annular fissures, though controversial.

29. Dynamic 3D CT

    • Weight-bearing studies showing positional changes in recess dimensions.

30. MR Neurography

    • High-resolution imaging of nerve root inflammation or compression.

Non-Pharmacological Treatments

Below are thirty safe, non-drug approaches to ease pain, reduce nerve irritation, and improve function. Each entry explains what it is, why it’s used, and how it works.

A. Physical & Electrotherapy Therapies

1. Heat Therapy

   • Description: Applying a warm pack or heating pad to the lower back for 15–20 minutes.

   • Purpose: Loosens tight muscles, boosts blood flow, eases stiffness.

   • Mechanism: Heat dilates blood vessels → increases oxygen and nutrient delivery → speeds tissue repair.

2. Cold Therapy

   • Description: Ice pack applied for 10–15 minutes, several times daily.

   • Purpose: Reduces swelling and numbs pain.

   • Mechanism: Cold constricts blood vessels → lowers inflammation and nerve conduction speed.

3. Ultrasound Therapy

   • Description: A handheld device transmits sound waves into deep tissues.

   • Purpose: Heats deep tissues, breaks up scar tissue, speeds healing.

   • Mechanism: High-frequency waves cause micro-vibrations → gentle heating and increased circulation.

4. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)

   • Description: Electrodes on skin deliver low-voltage current.

   • Purpose: Masks pain signals in nerves.

   • Mechanism: Stimulates “gate control” in spinal cord → blocks pain message transmission.

5. Interferential Therapy

   • Description: Two medium-frequency currents intersect in the painful area.

   • Purpose: Deeper pain relief without discomfort.

   • Mechanism: Beat frequency modulates nerve activity → reduces pain and muscle spasms.

6. Shortwave Diathermy

   • Description: Electromagnetic waves (27.12 MHz) produce deep heat.

   • Purpose: Relieves deep-seated muscle and joint pain.

   • Mechanism: Oscillating field heats tissues → increases metabolism and relaxation.

7. Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS)

   • Description: Electrical pulses cause muscles to contract.

   • Purpose: Strengthens weak muscles, prevents atrophy.

   • Mechanism: Mimics motor neuron signals → builds muscle tone.

8. Laser Therapy

   • Description: Low-level laser light applied to injured tissue.

   • Purpose: Reduces inflammation, speeds healing.

   • Mechanism: Photobiomodulation triggers cellular energy production → fosters tissue repair.

9. Spinal Traction

   • Description: Mechanical or manual pulling gently separates vertebrae.

   • Purpose: Enlarges foraminal space, relieves nerve pressure.

   • Mechanism: Distraction force reduces disc bulge impact on nerves.

10. Manual Therapy (Joint Mobilization)

    • Description: Therapist applies graded pressure to spinal joints.

    • Purpose: Improves joint mobility, eases stiffness.

    • Mechanism: Mobilizes facets → rebalances joint biomechanics.

11. Massage Therapy

    • Description: Hands-on kneading of back muscles.

    • Purpose: Relaxes tight tissue, reduces pain.

    • Mechanism: Mechanical pressure improves circulation and interrupts pain feedback.

12. Chiropractic Adjustment

    • Description: Quick, controlled spinal thrusts by a chiropractor.

    • Purpose: Restores alignment, enhances motion.

    • Mechanism: High-velocity, low-amplitude force resets joint position → reduces nerve irritation.

13. Acupuncture

    • Description: Thin needles inserted at specific points near the spine.

    • Purpose: Relieves pain via nerve modulation.

    • Mechanism: Stimulates endorphin release and alters pain pathways.

14. Dry Needling

    • Description: Fine needles target tight muscle “knots” (trigger points).

    • Purpose: Releases muscle tension, eases local pain.

    • Mechanism: Needle insertion disrupts dysfunctional muscle fibers → resets tone.

15. Hydrotherapy (Aquatic Therapy)

    • Description: Exercises performed in a warm pool.

    • Purpose: Reduces joint load, builds strength safely.

    • Mechanism: Buoyancy off-loads spine → allows gentle movement and muscle activation.

B. Exercise Therapies

1. Core Stabilization Exercises
   Gentle contractions of deep abdominal and back muscles to support the spine.

2. Extension Exercises (McKenzie Method)
   Repeated backward bending to centralize pain away from the leg toward the back.

3. Flexion Exercises
   Forward-bending moves that open up the back of the spine in certain bulge patterns.

4. Yoga Stretching
   Poses like “child’s pose” and “cat-cow” improve flexibility and reduce tension.

5. Pilates
   Focuses on controlled movements to strengthen core and improve posture.

6. Low-Impact Aerobics
   Activities like stationary cycling to boost circulation without jarring the spine.

7. Walking Programs
   Regular, moderate walking to maintain overall fitness and reduce stiffness.

8. Swimming
   Full-body, low-impact workout that supports the spine and strengthens muscles.

C. Mind-Body Therapies

1. Mindfulness Meditation
   Teaches focusing on breath and body sensations to reduce pain perception.

2. Biofeedback
   Uses sensors to show muscle tension, teaching you to relax painful muscles.

3. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
   Helps reframe negative thoughts about pain and builds coping strategies.

4. Guided Imagery
   Visualization techniques to promote relaxation and distract from pain.

D. Educational Self-Management

1. Patient Education Workshops
   Classes on anatomy, pain science, and healthy back habits.

2. Ergonomic Training
   Instructions on proper workstation setup, lifting techniques, and posture.

3. Back School Programs
   Structured courses combining exercises, education, and posture training.

---

Common Drugs for Lateral Recess Bulging

Below are twenty medications, each with typical dosage, drug class, best time to take, and main side effects.

---

Dietary Molecular Supplements

These supplements may help support tissue health and reduce inflammation.

1. Glucosamine Sulfate (1500 mg/day)

   • Function: Supports cartilage health.

   • Mechanism: A building block for proteoglycans in discs.

2. Chondroitin Sulfate (1200 mg/day)

   • Function: Maintains disc hydration.

   • Mechanism: Attracts water into the disc matrix.

3. Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM, 2000 mg/day)

   • Function: Reduces inflammation.

   • Mechanism: Donates sulfur for joint tissue repair.

4. Curcumin (500–1000 mg twice daily)

   • Function: Powerful anti-inflammatory.

   • Mechanism: Inhibits inflammatory enzymes (COX, LOX).

5. Bromelain (500 mg three times daily)

   • Function: Decreases swelling.

   • Mechanism: Proteolytic enzyme that breaks down inflammatory proteins.

6. Omega-3 Fish Oil (1000 mg EPA/DHA daily)

   • Function: Lowers systemic inflammation.

   • Mechanism: Competes with arachidonic acid to produce anti-inflammatory mediators.

7. Vitamin D₃ (1000–2000 IU/day)

   • Function: Supports bone health.

   • Mechanism: Regulates calcium metabolism and muscle function.

8. Vitamin B₁₂ (1000 mcg weekly)

   • Function: Nerve health support.

   • Mechanism: Essential for myelin repair.

9. Magnesium (300 mg/day)

   • Function: Muscle relaxation.

   • Mechanism: Modulates calcium influx in muscle cells.

10. Resveratrol (200 mg/day)

• Function: Antioxidant support.

• Mechanism: Inhibits inflammatory pathways and oxidative stress.

---

Advanced “Regenerative” & Related Drugs

Cutting-edge options aimed at disc repair or modifying bone/disc cell behavior.

1. Alendronate (70 mg weekly)

   • Class: Bisphosphonate

   • Function: Inhibits bone resorption around facet joints.

   • Mechanism: Blocks osteoclast activity → stabilizes bone environment.

2. Risedronate (35 mg weekly)

   • Similar action to alendronate with once-weekly dosing.

3. Zoledronic Acid (5 mg IV yearly)

   • Potent bisphosphonate infusion for sustained effect.

4. rhBMP-7 Injection (0.5 mg intradiscal)

   • Class: Regenerative growth factor

   • Function: Stimulates disc matrix regeneration.

   • Mechanism: Encourages collagen and proteoglycan synthesis.

5. GDF-5 Injection (100 µg intradiscal)

   • Growth factor that promotes cell proliferation in disc tissue.

6. TGF-β1 Injection (dose varies)

   • Encourages extracellular matrix formation and repair.

7. Hyaluronic Acid Injection (2 mL of 1%)

   • Class: Viscosupplement

   • Function: Improves lubrication in facet joints.

   • Mechanism: Increases synovial fluid viscosity.

8. Cross-linked HA (viscosupplement)

   • Longer-lasting joint cushion effect.

9. Autologous MSC Injection (10×10⁶ cells intradiscal)

   • Class: Stem cell therapy

   • Function: Supplies regenerative cells to damaged disc.

   • Mechanism: Differentiates into disc-like cells, secretes growth factors.

10. Allogeneic MSC Injection (10×10⁶ cells)

• Off-the-shelf stem cells with similar regenerative aims.

---

Surgical Procedures for Lateral Recess Bulging

When conservative care fails, these ten surgeries can relieve nerve compression.

1. Open Laminectomy

   • Procedure: Removal of the lamina (roof of the canal).

   • Benefits: Maximizes decompression of nerve roots.

2. Laminotomy

   • Procedure: Partial removal of lamina.

   • Benefits: Preserves more bone and stability.

3. Microdiscectomy

   • Procedure: Microscope-guided removal of bulging disc material.

   • Benefits: Smaller incision, quicker recovery.

4. Endoscopic Discectomy

   • Procedure: Thin endoscope removes disc tissue through a tiny portal.

   • Benefits: Minimally invasive, less blood loss.

5. Foraminotomy

   • Procedure: Widening of the foramen where the nerve exits.

   • Benefits: Direct relief of nerve impingement.

6. Facetectomy

   • Procedure: Partial removal of facet joint to open the lateral recess.

   • Benefits: Targets specific area of compression.

7. Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF)

   • Procedure: Disc removal, bone graft, and implant via a side approach.

   • Benefits: Stabilizes spine after decompression.

8. Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (PLIF)

   • Procedure: Disc space fusion from the back.

   • Benefits: Strong fusion with direct canal access.

9. Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF)

   • Procedure: Fusion via an abdominal approach.

   • Benefits: Avoids back muscles, large graft space.

10. Interspinous Process Device

• Procedure: Implant between spinous processes to keep them apart.

• Benefits: Indirect decompression, motion-preserving.

---

Prevention Strategies

1. Maintain good posture when sitting or standing.

2. Use ergonomic chairs and desk setups.

3. Practice safe lifting—bend knees, keep back straight.

4. Build core strength through regular exercise.

5. Stay at a healthy weight to reduce spinal load.

6. Take frequent breaks from prolonged sitting.

7. Sleep on a supportive mattress.

8. Wear supportive shoes with good arch support.

9. Quit smoking to improve disc nutrition.

10. Keep active with low-impact exercises like walking or swimming.

---

When to See a Doctor

• Severe or worsening leg weakness

• Loss of bowel or bladder control (medical emergency)

• Constant, unrelenting pain not eased by rest or treatment

• Progressive numbness or tingling in the legs

• Fever with back pain (possible infection)

If you notice any of these red flags, seek medical care promptly to avoid permanent nerve damage.

---

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What’s the difference between a bulging and herniated disc?
   A bulging disc extends evenly around the disc’s circumference, often affecting a larger area but less intensely. A herniation means the inner gel has broken through a tear in the outer ring, usually in one spot—often causing sharper, more focal nerve irritation.

2. Can lumbar disc bulging heal on its own?
   Yes, many bulging discs improve with time, rest, and conservative treatments. The body can reabsorb some disc material over weeks to months, relieving pressure on the nerve.

3. Is surgery always needed?
   No. Over 90% of people find relief with non-operative care—physical therapy, exercise, medications—within 6–12 weeks. Surgery is for persistent, severe symptoms or neurological decline.

4. How soon will I feel better?
   Mild cases often improve in 4–6 weeks with conservative care. Severe cases may take 3–6 months or longer.

5. Are exercises safe for my bulging disc?
   Yes—when guided by a trained therapist. Specific movements can ease pressure on nerves and build supportive muscles. Avoid aggressive twisting or heavy lifting early on.

6. Will physical therapy help?
   Absolutely. A tailored program that includes stretching, strengthening, and modality treatments speeds recovery and teaches you how to avoid reinjury.

7. What foods or supplements should I take?
   A balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory nutrients (omega-3s, antioxidants) can support recovery. Supplements like glucosamine, curcumin, and vitamin D3 may also help.

8. Is weight loss important?
   Yes. Every extra pound adds stress to your spine. Losing 10 lbs can reduce back pressure by 40 lbs.

9. Can massage worsen my condition?
   Gentle massage typically helps. Deep or aggressive work may irritate inflamed tissue—always communicate pain levels to your therapist.

10. What is the best sleeping position?
    Lying on your side with a pillow between your knees keeps your spine neutral. If you sleep on your back, place a pillow under your knees.

11. Is heat or ice better?
    For acute flare-ups (first 48 hr), ice reduces swelling. After that, heat relaxes muscles and improves blood flow.

12. Will an MRI show my bulging disc?
    Yes. MRI is the gold standard for visualizing soft tissues like discs and nerves without radiation.

13. Can stress make my pain worse?
    Yes. Stress tightens muscles and amplifies pain signals. Techniques like mindfulness and CBT can help.

14. What exercises should I avoid?
    Avoid heavy squats, deep forward bends, and twisting movements until your therapist says it’s safe.

15. What’s the long-term outlook?
    With proper care—exercise, posture, healthy habits—most people return to normal activities and experience few or no recurrences.

Disclaimer: Each person’s journey is unique, treatment plan, life style, food habit, hormonal condition, immune system, chronic disease condition, geological location, weather and previous medical  history is also unique. So always seek the best advice from a qualified medical professional or health care provider before trying any treatments to ensure to find out the best plan for you. This guide is for general information and educational purposes only. Regular check-ups and awareness can help to manage and prevent complications associated with these diseases conditions. If you or someone are suffering from this disease condition bookmark this website or share with someone who might find it useful! Boost your knowledge and stay ahead in your health journey. We always try to ensure that the content is regularly updated to reflect the latest medical research and treatment options. Thank you for giving your valuable time to read the article.

The article is written by Team Rxharun and reviewed by the Rx Editorial Board Members

Last Updated: May 14, 2025.

PDF Document For This Disease Conditions

References