Rx Cancer (A - Z)Pediatric Acute Lymphoid Leukemia (ALL) Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Pediatric acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow that happens in babies, children and teenagers. In this disease, very early white blood cells called “lymphoblasts” ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Paediatric Acute Lymphocytic Leukaemia Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Paediatric acute lymphocytic leukaemia (also called acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, ALL) is a blood cancer that starts in young white blood cells called lymphocytes in the bone marrow (the soft centre ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a fast-growing blood cancer that starts in the bone marrow, where new blood cells are made. In ALL, early white blood cells called lymphoblasts grow ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Childhood Precursor Lymphoblastic Leukemia Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Childhood precursor lymphoblastic leukemia is a fast-growing blood cancer in children where very young white blood cells (called lymphoblasts) grow out of control in the bone marrow and blood. These ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Childhood Acute Lymphogenous Leukaemia (ALL) Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Childhood acute lymphogenous leukaemia (ALL) is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow, the soft center of bones where new blood cells are made. In this disease, very young white blood cells called ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Childhood Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow that happens mostly in children. In this disease, very young white blood cells called lymphoblasts grow in an ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a blood cancer that starts in the bone marrow, the soft center of the bones where blood cells are made. In this disease, very young white blood cells ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) means there are abnormal cells on the surface lining of the cervix, which is the lower, narrow part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. These cells are ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Sarcoma of the Telencephalon Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Sarcoma of the telencephalon (also called cerebral sarcoma) is a rare cancer that starts in the soft-tissue–type cells inside the front part of the brain, called the telencephalon. The telencephalon ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Cerebral Sarcoma Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Cerebral sarcoma (often called brain sarcoma or primary intracranial sarcoma) is a very rare type of brain cancer that starts in the supporting (connective) tissues inside the brain, such as blood ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Cerebellar Liponeurocytoma Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Cerebellar liponeurocytoma is a very rare brain tumor that usually grows in the cerebellum (the back-lower part of the brain that helps balance and coordination). It is made of two main parts: small ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Neurolipocytoma Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Neurolipocytoma is a very rare, usually slow-growing brain tumor that most often starts in the cerebellum (the back part of the brain that helps balance and coordination). The tumor cells look mainly ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Medullocytoma Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Medullocytoma is a rare tumor that grows inside the brain, most often in the back part of the brain (posterior fossa/cerebellar area). It belongs to a group of tumors that can behave aggressively, ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Lipomatous Medulloblastoma Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Lipomatous medulloblastoma is a confusing old term. In many papers, it was used for a fat-containing (lipidized) tumor in the cerebellum of adults that looks like a medulloblastoma under the ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Central Neurocytoma Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Central neurocytoma is a rare brain tumor that usually grows inside the fluid spaces of the brain (the ventricles), most often near the lateral ventricle. It is usually slow-growing and often affects ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)CELSR1-Related Late-Onset Primary Lymphedema Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. CELSR1-related late-onset primary lymphedema is a genetic (gene-related) form of long-term swelling. “Lymphedema” means swelling that happens when lymph fluid cannot move out of the tissues the ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Primary Cutaneous CD4+/CD56+ Hematolymphoid Neoplasm Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Primary cutaneous CD4+/CD56+ hematolymphoid neoplasm” is an older name that has mostly been replaced by blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN). It is a rare blood-cell cancer that often ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Monomorphic NK-Cell Lymphoma Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. “Monomorphic NK-cell lymphoma” is an older/less common way some sources described a very aggressive cancer made from natural killer (NK) cells that look fairly uniform (monomorphic) under the ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Lymphoblastoid Variant of NK-Cell Lymphoma Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Lymphoblastoid variant of NK-cell lymphoma” is an older, confusing name that has been used for a very aggressive blood cancer made of immature (“blast-like”) cells that can look like lymphoblasts ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Agranular CD4+ Natural Killer (NK) Cell Leukaemia Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. “Agranular CD4+ natural killer (NK) cell leukaemia” is an older name that was used before doctors understood the true cell of origin. Today, most experts use the name Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)CD4+/CD56+ Hematodermic Neoplasm Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. CD4+/CD56+ hematodermic neoplasm is an older name for a rare blood and bone-marrow cancer now most often called blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN). It happens when very immature ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Noonan Syndrome-Like Disorder Without Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia Dr. Harun Ar Rashid, MD - Arthritis, Bones, Joints Pain, Trauma, and Internal Medicine Specialist Noonan syndrome-like disorder without juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia is a rare genetic condition where a person looks and develops in a way that is similar to Noonan syndrome, but does not have ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Noonan Syndrome-Like Disorder with Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukaemia (JMML) Dr. Harun Ar Rashid, MD - Arthritis, Bones, Joints Pain, Trauma, and Internal Medicine Specialist Noonan syndrome-like disorder with juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML) is a rare inherited condition where a child can look like they have Noonan syndrome (a “Noonan-like” face and body ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Macrocystic Lymphatic Malformation Dr. Harun Ar Rashid, MD - Arthritis, Bones, Joints Pain, Trauma, and Internal Medicine Specialist Macrocystic lymphatic malformation (macrocystic LM) is a type of lymphatic malformation, which means it is an abnormal cluster of lymph vessels and fluid-filled spaces that develops before birth. It ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Macrocystic Lymphangioma Dr. Harun Ar Rashid, MD - Arthritis, Bones, Joints Pain, Trauma, and Internal Medicine Specialist Macrocystic lymphangioma is an old name for a macrocystic lymphatic malformation. It is a benign (non-cancerous) lump made of many large, fluid-filled spaces that come from abnormal lymph vessels. ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Cavernous Lymphangioma Dr. Harun Ar Rashid, MD - Arthritis, Bones, Joints Pain, Trauma, and Internal Medicine Specialist Cavernous lymphangioma is a benign (non-cancer) growth made of abnormally wide lymphatic vessels deep in the skin and soft tissues. It belongs to the family of lymphatic malformations, which are ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Malignant Paroxysmal Ventricular Tachycardia Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Malignant paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a very dangerous type of fast heart rhythm that starts in the lower chambers of the heart, called the ventricles. In this condition, the heart ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Benign Lymphoreticulosis Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Benign lymphoreticulosis is an older medical name for cat-scratch disease, an infection that mainly affects the lymph nodes after a scratch, bite, or lick from an infected cat. It is caused most ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Lymphoid Hamartoma Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. A hamartoma is a non-cancerous (benign) growth made from the same types of cells that normally live in that organ, but they are mixed and arranged in a disorganized way. It is like a “fault” in local ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Castleman’s Tumour (Castleman Disease) Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Castleman’s tumour (Castleman disease) is a rare disorder of lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are small glands that filter germs and help the immune system. In this disease, one or many lymph nodes grow too ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Benign Angiofollicular Hyperplasia Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Benign angiofollicular hyperplasia is a non-cancer growth of lymph node tissue. It means that the lymph node (a small gland that helps fight infections) becomes bigger and more active than normal, ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Angiomatous Lymphoid Hamartoma Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Angiomatous lymphoid hamartoma is an old name that doctors used for what we now usually call Castleman disease, especially the hyaline-vascular / hypervascular (angiomatous) type that looks like a ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Angiolymphoid hyperplasia is a benign (non-cancer) growth made of small blood vessels and immune cells. It happens when tiny arteries and veins in the skin or just under the skin start to grow more ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Angiofollicular Lymph Node Hyperplasia Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia is another name for Castleman disease. It is a rare problem of the lymph nodes, where the lymph node tissue grows too much and becomes enlarged. The growth is ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Angiofollicular Lymph Hyperplasia Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Angiofollicular lymph hyperplasia (angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia) is a rare disease where one or more lymph nodes grow too much and become abnormally large. “Lymph” refers to the lymphatic ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Angiofollicular Ganglionic Hyperplasia Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Angiofollicular ganglionic hyperplasia (Castleman disease) is a rare disorder of the lymph nodes, which are small glands that help your immune system fight infection. In this disease, some lymph ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Castleman Disease (CD) Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymph node disorder. It comes in two main forms: unicentric (UCD)—one lymph-node region—and multicentric (MCD)—many regions. UCD is usually cured by surgery; MCD ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)McKusick Type Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. McKusick type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (cartilage-hair hypoplasia, CHH) is a rare, inherited bone-growth disorder. Babies and children have short limbs, loose joints, and fine, sparse hair. Some ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia Syndrome Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Cartilage-hair hypoplasia syndrome is a rare genetic condition that affects the bones, hair, blood, and immune system. It is present from birth and usually lasts for life. Children with this syndrome ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Autosomal Recessive Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Autosomal recessive metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (often called McKusick-type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia or “cartilage-hair hypoplasia”) usually refers to a rare genetic disorder called ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia (CHH) Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is a rare genetic condition. It mainly affects bone growth, hair, and the immune system. Children are usually short from birth. Bones, especially in the arms and legs, ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Malignant Neoplasm of Cartilage Tissue Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Chondrosarcoma is a cancer that starts from cartilage-forming cells. It most often grows in bones of the pelvis, ribs, shoulder girdle, or skull base, and less often in soft tissue. The main cure is ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Malignant Cartilage Neoplasms Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. A malignant cartilage neoplasm is a cancer that starts from cells that make cartilage, the smooth, rubbery tissue that cushions joints. The most common type is chondrosarcoma. It usually grows in the ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Cartilaginous Cancer Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Cartilaginous cancer—called chondrosarcoma—is a malignant tumor that forms from cartilage-producing cells. It most often starts in the pelvis, shoulder, ribs, or long bones, and tends to grow slowly ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Cancer of Cartilage Tissue Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Cancer of cartilage tissue is a rare cancer that starts in cartilage—the smooth, rubbery tissue that cushions the ends of bones at joints and forms parts of the ribs, nose, and pelvis. “Conventional” ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Cartilage Cancer Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Cartilage cancer is usually called chondrosarcoma in medical books. It is a malignant (cancerous) tumor that starts in cartilage cells, most often in the bones of the pelvis, ribs, shoulder, or long ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Paraganglioma Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Paraganglioma is a rare tumor that grows from special nerve-related cells called paraganglia. These cells sit beside blood vessels and nerves throughout the body. They are part of the autonomic ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Neoplasm of the Carotid Body Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. A neoplasm of the carotid body (also called a carotid body tumor, a type of head-and-neck paraganglioma) is a growth that starts in the carotid body, a tiny sensor that sits where the big neck artery ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Chemodectomas Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Chemodectomas (also called head & neck paragangliomas most commonly carotid body, jugulotympanic, vagal, or laryngeal tumors) are rare tumors that grow from tiny nerve-related cells called ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Carotid Body Paraganglioma Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. A carotid body paraganglioma (CBP) is a slow-growing tumor that starts in the carotid body, a small sensor at the split of the carotid artery in the neck. The carotid body helps the body sense the ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)SDHC-Related Paraganglioma and Gastric Stromal Sarcoma (Gastric GIST) Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. SDHC-Related Paraganglioma and Gastric Stromal Sarcoma (Gastric GIST) are rare growths that arise from nerve-related cells called paraganglia. These cells sit along blood vessels and nerves and help ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Paraganglioma and Gastric Stromal Sarcoma Syndrome Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Paraganglioma and gastric stromal sarcoma syndrome—better known medically as the Carney–Stratakis syndrome (CSS)—is a rare, inherited condition where a person can develop two kinds of tumors: (1) ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Uterine Corpus Malignant Mixed Müllerian Tumor (MMMT) Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Uterine corpus malignant mixed Müllerian tumour (MMMT), also called uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS)— is a rare, fast-growing cancer that starts in the lining of the womb (endometrium). It contains two ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Uterine Corpus Malignant Mixed Mesodermal (Müllerian) Tumor Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Uterine corpus malignant mixed mesodermal (Müllerian) tumor is a rare, very aggressive cancer that starts in the lining of the womb (the endometrium). It has two parts inside the same tumor: a cancer ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Uterine Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Tumor Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Uterine carcinosarcoma is a rare, very aggressive cancer of the womb (uterus). It looks like a “mixed” tumor because it has two parts at the same time: a carcinoma (cancer from inner lining gland ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Mixed Müllerian Sarcoma of the Uterus Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Mixed Müllerian sarcoma of the uterus—better known today as uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS)—is a rare, aggressive cancer that starts in the womb (uterus). It contains two kinds of cancer cells in the ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Malignant Mixed Müllerian Tumor Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Malignant mixed Müllerian tumor of the corpus uteri is a very aggressive cancer that starts in the lining of the uterus (the endometrium). Doctors now most often call it uterine carcinosarcoma. ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Tumor of the Uterine Corpus Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Malignant mixed mesodermal tumour of the uterine corpus is a rare, very aggressive cancer that starts in the lining of the uterus (the endometrium). It has two parts inside the same tumour: (1) a ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Tumor of the Uterus Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Malignant mixed mesodermal tumor of the uterus is a rare, fast-growing cancer that starts in the womb (uterus). It has two cancer parts mixed together in the same tumor: a carcinoma part (from lining ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Neoplasm of the Uterus Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Neoplasm of the Uterus is a rare, very aggressive cancer of the uterus that contains two parts in the same tumor: a cancer of the inner lining of the uterus (the epithelial ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Corpus Uteri Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Tumor (MMMT) Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Corpus Uteri Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Tumor (MMMT) is a rare and very aggressive cancer that starts in the lining of the womb (the endometrium) and contains two kinds of cancer cells in the same ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Carcinosarcoma of the Body of the Uterus Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Carcinosarcoma of the body of the uterus is a rare, very aggressive cancer that begins in the lining of the uterus (endometrium) and contains two kinds of malignant tissue in the same tumor: a ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Carcinosarcoma of the Corpus Uteri Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Carcinosarcoma of the corpus uteri is a rare, very aggressive cancer of the womb (uterus). It has two parts inside the same tumor: a carcinoma part (from the inner lining called endometrium) and a ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Müllerian Mixed Tumor Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. A Müllerian mixed tumour (also called carcinosarcoma) is a rare, fast-growing cancer of the uterus or other organs that come from the Müllerian system. It has two parts in the same tumour: one part ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Mesodermal Mixed Tumor Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. A mesodermal mixed tumor is a rare cancer that has two parts living together in the same mass: (1) an epithelial (carcinoma) part and (2) a mesenchymal (sarcoma) part. Because it mixes these two ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Malignant Mixed Müllerian Tumor (MMMT) Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. A malignant mixed Müllerian tumor (MMMT), also called uterine carcinosarcoma, is a rare, fast-growing cancer that contains two cancers in one: a carcinoma (a cancer that starts from the lining cells) ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Malignant Mixed Mesodermal (Müllerian) Tumor (MMMT) Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Malignant mixed mesodermal (Müllerian) tumor (MMMT)—now usually called uterine carcinosarcoma—is a rare, fast-growing cancer that starts in the lining of the uterus (the endometrium). It is called ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Malignant Carcinosarcoma Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Malignant carcinosarcoma is a rare, aggressive cancer that contains two kinds of cancer cells in the same tumor: (1) gland or surface-type cells (“carcinoma,” the epithelial part) and (2) ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Carcinosarcoma Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Carcinosarcoma is a rare and aggressive cancer that has two parts in the same tumor: a carcinoma part (made of cells that look like the lining cells of organs) and a sarcoma part (made of cells that ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Esophageal Carcinoma Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Esophageal carcinoma is a cancer that starts in the inner lining of the esophagus—the long, muscular tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach. Over time, abnormal cells grow in an ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Carcinoma of the Esophagus Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Carcinoma of the esophagus is a cancer that starts in the inner lining of the esophagus, the food pipe that carries food and drink from the mouth to the stomach. Most esophageal cancers begin in the ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome Dr. Samantha A. Vergano, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist. Malignant carcinoid syndrome is a group of body problems caused by a cancer called a neuroendocrine tumor (NET). These tumors make and release powerful chemicals like serotonin, tachykinins, ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Giant Acuminate Warts Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Giant acuminate warts are very large, cauliflower-like growths that form on the genital or anal skin. They are caused by certain types of the human papillomavirus (HPV), most often the low-risk types ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Buschke-Löwenstein Giant Condyloma Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Buschke-Löwenstein giant condyloma is a very large, wart-like growth that forms in the anogenital area. It grows slowly but can become huge and look like a cauliflower. It pushes into nearby skin and ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Anogenital Verrucous Carcinoma of Buschke–Löwenstein Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Anogenital verrucous carcinoma of Buschke–Löwenstein is a large, cauliflower-like, slow-growing tumor in the genital or anal area. It develops from long-standing human papillomavirus (HPV) ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Buschke–Löwenstein Tumor Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Buschke–Löwenstein tumor is a very large, slow-growing, warty tumor in the genital or anal area. Doctors also call it giant condyloma acuminatum. It is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), most ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Small Non-Cleaved Cell Lymphoma, Burkitt’s Type Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Burkitt lymphoma is a very fast-growing cancer of mature B lymphocytes. The tumor cells divide extremely quickly, so the disease can double in size in hours to days. Almost all cases carry a change ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Burkitt’s Type Malignant Lymphoma – Small Non-Cleaved Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Burkitt's type malignant lymphoma - small non-cleaved (historically called “small non-cleaved” lymphoma; now classified as Burkitt lymphoma) is a very fast-growing cancer of B lymphocytes, which are ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Burkitt’s Tumor Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Burkitt’s tumor is a very fast-growing cancer of B lymphocytes (B cells), which are white blood cells that normally help your body fight infection. The cancer cells divide quickly and can form large ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Durkitt’s Lymphoma Disorder Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Burkitt’s lymphoma is a very fast-growing cancer of the immune system. It starts in B lymphocytes, which are white blood cells that help your body make antibodies. In this disease, the cancer cells ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Somatic (Sporadic) Burkitt Lymphoma Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Burkitt lymphoma is a very fast-growing cancer of mature B-lymphocytes. The cancer cells usually carry a change in their DNA called an IG::MYC rearrangement—this turns on the MYC oncogene and makes ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Burkitt Lymphoma Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Burkitt lymphoma is a very fast-growing cancer of B lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that normally helps your body fight infections. In this disease, a genetic change turns the MYC gene “on” ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)CYLD Cutaneous Syndrome Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist CYLD cutaneous syndrome (CCS) is a rare inherited condition in which people develop many small skin tumors—most often cylindromas, spiradenomas, and trichoepitheliomas—that start in the hair-follicle ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Breast Angiosarcoma Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Breast angiosarcoma is a rare, fast-growing cancer that starts in the cells lining blood vessels or lymph vessels within the breast or the breast skin. Because it comes from vascular (vessel-lining) ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Intraepidermal Squamous Cell Carcinoma—Bowen’s Type Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma—Bowen’s type is an early skin cancer that sits only in the top layer of the skin (the epidermis). The cancer cells are abnormal and fill the whole thickness of ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Intraepidermal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC in situ, Bowen disease) is an early, non-invasive skin cancer confined to the epidermis. Cells look malignant under the microscope but haven’t broken ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Botryoid-Type Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Botryoid-type embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is a cancer that starts from very early cells that can grow into skeletal muscle. “Botryoid” means “grape-like.” These tumors often grow as polyp-like ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Botryoid Rhabdomyosarcoma Dr. Harun Ar Rashid, MD - Arthritis, Bones, Joints Pain, Trauma, and Internal Medicine Specialist Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma (also called sarcoma botryoides) is a cancer that grows from very early cells that can become skeletal muscle. It is a special subtype of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. It ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Ovarian Low Malignant Potential Tumor Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist An ovarian low malignant potential tumor—also called a borderline ovarian tumor—is a growth that starts from the surface lining (epithelium) of the ovary. It is not completely benign, because the ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Low Malignant Potential (LMP) Ovarian Tumor Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Low malignant potential (LMP) ovarian tumor (also called a borderline ovarian tumor) is a growth that looks abnormal under the microscope but does not behave like typical cancer. It tends to grow ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Epithelial Tumor of the Ovary of Borderline Malignancy Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist A Epithelial tumor of the ovary of borderline malignancy (also called a “tumor of low malignant potential”) is an epithelial ovarian growth that shows abnormal cell changes under the microscope but ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Epithelial Ovarian Tumor of Borderline Malignancy Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist A Epithelial Ovarian Tumor of Borderline Malignancy is a growth that starts from the surface lining (epithelium) of the ovary. The cells look more abnormal than a benign cyst, but they do not invade ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Borderline Ovarian Surface Epithelial-Stromal Tumor Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist A borderline ovarian surface epithelial-stromal tumour is a growth that starts in the surface lining cells of the ovary. The cells multiply more than normal and look a bit abnormal under a ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Borderline Ovarian Epithelial Tumor Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist A borderline ovarian epithelial tumour is an abnormal growth that starts in the thin surface layer of the ovary. Doctors call that layer the “epithelium.” The growth has more cells, more crowding, ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Borderline Epithelial Tumor of the Ovary Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist A borderline epithelial tumor of the ovary is a growth that starts from the surface-lining cells (epithelium) of the ovary. It is not a simple benign cyst, but it also does not show the deep, ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Primary Osteosarcoma of Bone Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Primary osteosarcoma is a cancer that starts in the bone itself. The tumor cells are abnormal bone-forming cells. They make a disorganized, immature bone matrix called osteoid right inside the tumor. ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Osteogenic Sarcoma Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Osteogenic sarcoma, also called osteosarcoma, is a cancer that starts in bone-forming cells. These cancer cells make immature bone (“osteoid”) inside the tumor. It most often affects the long bones ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Osteosarcoma Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Osteosarcoma is a cancer that starts in the bone-making cells. These cells normally build the hard mineral part of bone. In osteosarcoma they grow out of control and make abnormal bone tissue. It ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Trichodiscomas Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Trichodiscomas are small, harmless bumps that grow from hair-follicle tissue in the skin. Doctors call them hamartomas, which means an overgrowth of normal skin parts rather than a true cancer. They ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Fibrofolliculomas Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Fibrofolliculomas are small, smooth, skin-colored bumps that grow around a hair follicle. They are benign (not cancer). Each bump is usually 2–4 mm across, dome-shaped, and the surface feels smooth ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Fibrofolliculomas with Trichodiscomas and Acrochordons Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Fibrofolliculomas and trichodiscomas are small, smooth, skin-colored to white bumps that usually show up on the face, neck, behind the ears, and upper trunk. They are benign growths from around the ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Malignant Tumor of the Biliary Tract Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist A malignant tumor of the biliary tract is a cancer that starts in the thin tubes that carry bile. These tubes are called the bile ducts, and they run inside the liver and outside the liver to the ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Malignant Biliary Tree Neoplasm Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist A malignant biliary tree neoplasm is a cancer that starts in the tubes that carry bile. These tubes are called the bile ducts. They run inside the liver and outside the liver. The cancer can also ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Biliary Tract Cancers Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Biliary tree cancer means cancer that starts in the thin tubes that carry bile from the liver to the small intestine. Doctors group it as intrahepatic (inside the liver), perihilar (at the liver ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Biliary Tract Cancer Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Biliary tract cancer is a group of cancers that start in the tubes and organs that carry and store bile. Bile is a yellow-green fluid the liver makes to help digest fat. These cancers can begin in ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Benign Paroxysmal Tonic Upgaze of Childhood with Ataxia Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Benign paroxysmal tonic upgaze of childhood with ataxia is a rare, early-life movement and eye-movement condition. “Paroxysmal” means it comes in bursts or spells. “Tonic upgaze” means the eyes hold ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Benign Familial Convulsions Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Benign familial convulsions are brief seizures in babies who are otherwise well. “Benign” (now replaced by the term self-limited) means seizures stop by themselves over time. “Familial” means more ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Benign Familial Neonatal Seizures (BFNS) Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Benign familial neonatal seizures (BFNS) is a rare, inherited epilepsy syndrome that starts in the first days of life, usually between day 2 and day 8 after birth. Babies are otherwise healthy. They ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Benign Neonatal Seizures Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Benign neonatal seizures are seizures that start in the first days of life in otherwise healthy newborns and then stop on their own over the next weeks or months. Today, specialists often call the ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Benign Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid is a chronic autoimmune blistering disease that mainly attacks moist linings of the body, called mucous membranes. These include the mouth, eyes, nose, throat, ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Benign Intracranial Hypertension Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Benign intracranial hypertension (Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension, IIH) is a condition where the pressure of the fluid around the brain (cerebrospinal fluid, CSF) is too high without a brain ...
Rx Cancer (A - Z)Benign Familial Infantile Convulsions Dr. Huma Q. Rana, MD - Clinical Genetics, Genomics, Cytogenetics, Biochemical Genetics Specialist Benign familial infantile convulsions are seizures that start in otherwise healthy infants in the first year of life, run in families, and tend to stop on their own over months. Many cases are linked ...