Baroreflex Syndrome
Baroreflex syndrome—often called afferent baroreflex failure—is a rare problem in the body’s blood-pressure “autopilot.” Normally, stretch sensors in the carotid arteries and aorta send signals to ...
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A – Z)
Baryta Miners’ Disease
Baryta miners’ disease is a lung dust disease that happens after breathing barium sulfate dust for a long time, usually in barite (barytes) mines or dusty jobs that handle barite powder. Doctors call ...
Barium Pneumoconiosis
Barium pneumoconiosis is a lung condition that happens when a person breathes in barium dust for many months or years, usually at work. The dust is most often barium sulfate (also called barite). The ...
Barium Lung Disease
Barium lung disease, also called baritosis, is a type of pneumoconiosis (dust-related lung disease) that happens after breathing in barium dust for a long time, usually at work. In most people, it is ...
Baritosis
Baritosis is a harmless (“benign”) form of pneumoconiosis that happens when people breathe in tiny particles of barium sulfate dust at work (for example, when crushing or milling barytes used in ...
Cardiac Arrhythmia Syndrome
Cardiac arrhythmia syndrome means a group of conditions where the heart’s electrical system does not work in the normal way. The heart can beat too fast, too slow, or in an irregular pattern. When ...
Diaphragmatic Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMARD)
Diaphragmatic spinal muscular atrophy is a very rare neuromuscular disease in which the nerves that control muscles gradually stop working. The word “diaphragmatic” tells us that the main early ...
Spinal Muscular Atrophy with Respiratory Distress Type 1 (SMARD1)
Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1) is a rare, inherited nerve-and-muscle disease. It damages the lower motor neurons (the “wires” that carry signals from the spinal ...
Autosomal Recessive Distal Spinal Muscular Atrophy Types 1
Autosomal recessive distal spinal muscular atrophy 1 is a rare inherited nerve and muscle disease. It damages the lower motor neurons in the spinal cord that control movement, especially the nerves ...
Idiopathic (Autoimmune) Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Idiopathic (autoimmune) pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a rare lung disease where a soap-like substance called surfactant builds up inside the air sacs (alveoli). This buildup blocks oxygen from ...
Autoimmune Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (aPAP)
Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP) is a rare lung disease in which the tiny air sacs (alveoli) fill up with too much surfactant—a soapy, fat-protein substance that normally keeps the ...
Autoimmune Myocarditis
Autoimmune myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle caused by the body’s own immune system attacking the heart by mistake. The immune system’s T cells, B cells, and antibodies become ...
Atrial Cardiomyopathy with Heart Block
Atrial cardiomyopathy means the atria (the two upper heart chambers) are diseased. The atrial walls may be thick, stiff, stretched, scarred (fibrosis), inflamed, infiltrated by abnormal proteins, or ...
Atrichia with Papular Lesions (APL)
Atrichia with papular lesions (APL) is a very rare, inherited hair disorder. Babies are born with normal hair or some soft hair. During the first months of life, that hair falls out. It does not grow ...
Atrial Standstill
A sinus venosus atrial septal defect (often shortened to sinus venosus ASD) is a birth defect in the wall that separates the heart’s two upper chambers (the atria). In this special subtype, the ...
Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect (SVASD)
A sinus venosus atrial septal defect (SVASD) is a hole that is not in the true thin wall between the upper heart chambers (the inter-atrial “septal membrane”). Instead, it sits just next to that ...
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