Capillary Malformation of the Lower Lip
Capillary malformation of the lower lip is a birthmark made from many tiny blood vessels (capillaries) just under the skin of the lower lip. Doctors often call this kind of mark a capillary ...
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A – Z)
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH)
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a long-term form of high blood pressure in the lung arteries that develops when old blood clots do not fully dissolve and instead turn into ...
Chronic Respiratory Distress with Surfactant Metabolism Deficiency
Chronic respiratory distress with surfactant metabolism deficiency is a rare lung disease that mainly affects babies and children. In this disease, the lungs do not make or handle surfactant in a ...
Singultus
Singultus is the medical word for hiccups. It means short, sudden, jerky breaths that you cannot control. These happen because the main breathing muscle (the diaphragm) and the small muscles between ...
Berylliosis
Berylliosis is a long-term lung disease caused by breathing in a metal called beryllium at work or in the environment. In berylliosis, the immune system becomes “sensitized” to beryllium and starts ...
Intracranial Hemorrhage from Brain Malformations and Somatic Mmutation
Intracranial hemorrhage in brain cerebrovascular malformations means that an abnormal blood vessel in the brain has leaked or burst and blood has collected inside or around the brain tissue. These ...
Congenital Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)
Congenital cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a blood vessel problem that is present from birth. It is a tangled knot of arteries and veins inside the brain. In a normal brain, blood flows ...
Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)
An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the brain is an abnormal “tangle” of blood vessels where arteries connect directly to veins without the normal tiny vessels in between, called capillaries. ...
Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation
Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (often called a brain AVM) is an abnormal tangle of blood vessels in the brain where arteries connect directly to veins without the usual tiny capillaries in ...
Congenital Central Alveolar Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS)
Congenital Central Alveolar Hypoventilation Syndrome (often shortened to CCHS) is a rare condition where a person’s brain and autonomic nervous system do not control breathing automatically in a ...
Central Congenital Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS)
Central congenital hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare condition present from birth (or sometimes showing later) where the brain’s automatic breathing control does not work well, especially ...
Central Hypoventilation Syndrome
Central hypoventilation syndrome means the brain does not send a strong enough “breathe” signal, especially during sleep. Because of this, a person breathes too shallowly or too slowly ...
Areolar Atrophy of the Macula
Areolar atrophy of the macula means there is a clear, well-outlined “island” of damaged (thinned or missing) tissue in the macula, the small center part of the retina that gives sharp reading vision. ...
Central Areolar Choroidal Dystrophy
Central areolar choroidal dystrophy (often shortened to CACD) is a rare inherited (genetic) eye disease that mainly damages the macula, the small center area of the retina that you use for reading ...
Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome (MALS)
Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is a rare condition where a band of tissue under the diaphragm (the median arcuate ligament) presses on the celiac artery (a major artery that feeds the upper ...
Dunbar Syndrome
Dunbar syndrome is a rare condition where a tight band of tissue under the diaphragm (the median arcuate ligament) presses on the celiac artery (a major artery that sends blood to the upper ...
Celiac Artery Compression Syndrome
Celiac artery compression syndrome is a rare condition where a tight fibrous band of the diaphragm (called the median arcuate ligament) presses on the celiac artery (a main blood vessel that feeds ...
Celiac Trunk Compression Syndrome
Celiac trunk compression syndrome is a rare condition where a tight band of tissue from the diaphragm (called the median arcuate ligament) presses on the celiac artery (also called the celiac trunk) ...
Tracheopulmonary Myiasis
Tracheopulmonary myiasis means fly larvae (maggots) live inside the breathing tubes or lungs. The larvae may be in the trachea (windpipe), bronchi (main breathing tubes), or deeper in the air ...
Multifocal Ventricular Premature Heart Beats
Multifocal ventricular premature beats are extra heartbeats that start too early in the lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles) and come from more than one spot inside the ventricles. On an ECG ...
Bidirectional Tachycardia Induced by Catecholamine
Bidirectional tachycardia induced by catecholamine is a special type of dangerous fast heart rhythm that usually means a person has catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), a ...
Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT)
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, usually called CPVT, is a rare inherited heart rhythm problem. It causes very fast and dangerous heartbeats from the lower chambers of the heart ...
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy with Hypotonia and Lactic Acidosis
“Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with hypotonia and lactic acidosis” describes a pattern of disease where (1) the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM), (2) body ...
Dilated Cardiomyopathy Caused by Anthracycline Toxicity
Dilated cardiomyopathy from anthracyclines is a type of heart muscle weakness that can happen after receiving chemotherapy drugs such as doxorubicin, epirubicin, daunorubicin, or idarubicin. These ...
Cardiomyopathy due to Anthracyclines
Cardiomyopathy due to anthracyclines means heart muscle damage caused by cancer drugs in the anthracycline family (for example doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin). These medicines can ...
Sagittal Craniostenosis with Congenital Heart Disease, Mental Deficiency and Mandibular Ankylosis
Sagittal craniostenosis with congenital heart disease, mental deficiency and mandibular ankylosis doctors today usually group it under Pfeiffer-type cardiocranial syndrome is a birth condition where ...
Congenital Valvular Heart Disease
Congenital valvular heart disease means one or more heart valves were formed abnormally before birth. The valve can be too tight (stenosis), too leaky (regurgitation), under-developed, malformed (for ...
Myxomatous Valvular Dystrophy
Myxomatous valvular dystrophy means the mitral valve’s leaflet tissue becomes stretchy and thick with extra “myxoid” (gel-like) material. The leaflets and their supporting chords may lengthen and ...
FLNA-Related Valvular Dystrophy
FLNA-related valvular dystrophy is a rare, inherited heart condition. It happens when a change (variant) in the FLNA gene weakens the support structure inside valve cells. The valve tissue becomes ...
Congenital Valvular Dysplasia
Congenital valvular dysplasia means one or more of the heart’s four valves (aortic, pulmonary, mitral, tricuspid) do not develop with normal shape, size, or tissue structure in the fetus. The leaflet ...
Cardiac Valvular Dysplasia, X-Linked
Cardiac valvular dysplasia, X-linked is a rare inherited heart condition where one or more heart valves are abnormally formed and become thick, soft (myxomatous), and leaky or narrowed over time. The ...
Ventricular Diverticulum
A ventricular diverticulum is a small pouch that grows out from the wall of a heart ventricle (the pumping chamber). The pouch is connected to the ventricle by a neck. Its wall is “true” heart wall. ...
Congenital Cardiac Diverticulum
A congenital cardiac diverticulum is a small pouch that sticks out from a heart chamber, most often the left ventricle. “Congenital” means the pouch is present from birth. The wall of the pouch is ...
Cardiac Diverticulum
A cardiac diverticulum is a small pouch that grows out from a heart chamber wall—most often the left ventricle. It is usually congenital (present from birth). Unlike an aneurysm (which is thinned and ...
Ankyrin-B Syndrome (ANK2-Related Cardiac Arrhythmia)
Ankyrin-B syndrome is a rare, inherited heart-rhythm disorder caused by harmful changes (variants) in the ANK2 gene. ANK2 makes a protein called ankyrin-B. Ankyrin-B acts like a “docking and ...
Ankyrin-B–Related Cardiac Arrhythmia
Ankyrin-B–related cardiac arrhythmia is a rare, inherited heart-rhythm disease caused by changes (variants) in the ANK2 gene. This gene makes a scaffolding protein called ankyrin-B that helps anchor ...
Cardiac Anomalies—Heterotaxy Syndrome
Cardiac anomalies–heterotaxy syndrome (also called situs ambiguus) means the chest and belly organs did not line up in the usual left-right way during early development. It often comes with complex ...
Capillary Malformation-Arteriovenous Malformation (CM-AVM) Syndrome
Capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM) syndrome is a genetic condition that causes two main kinds of blood-vessel changes. First, many people have several small, pink-to-red flat ...
Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome
Systemic capillary leak syndrome is a rare condition where tiny blood vessels (capillaries) suddenly become very leaky. Fluid and proteins that should stay inside the bloodstream escape into ...
Idiopathic Capillary Leak Syndrome (ICLS)
Idiopathic capillary leak syndrome is a very rare condition where tiny blood vessels (capillaries) suddenly become “leaky.” During an attack, fluid and proteins move out of the bloodstream into the ...
Clarkson Disease
Clarkson disease is a very rare disorder where fluid and proteins suddenly leak out of tiny blood vessels (capillaries) into the body’s tissues. During an attack, blood pressure drops, the blood ...
Capillary Hyperpermeability Syndrome
Capillary hyperpermeability syndrome means the tiny blood vessels (capillaries) suddenly become “too leaky.” When they leak, protein-rich plasma leaves the bloodstream and moves into surrounding ...
Capillary Leak Syndrome
Capillary Leak Syndrome means fluid and proteins leak out of very small blood vessels (capillaries). The fluid moves into the tissues. Blood volume in the vessels drops. Blood pressure can fall to ...
Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS)
Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS) is an asthma-like illness that starts suddenly after one accidental, very high exposure to an irritating gas, vapor, smoke, or fume (for example, a ...
Stripper’s Asthma
“Stripper’s asthma” is an old nickname doctors once used for a lung problem in textile mills. It referred to workers called “strippers” who cleaned or maintained cotton-processing machines. These ...
Mill Fever
Mill fever is a short-term illness that happens after breathing a lot of textile plant dust, especially in cotton, flax, hemp, jute, or similar fiber mills. People feel flu-like sickness (feverish, ...
Flax-Dressers’ Disease
Flax-dressers’ disease is a breathing problem caused by regularly inhaling flax plant dust while preparing or processing flax fibers. The very small dust pieces—and the bacterial substances ...
Cotton-Dust Asthma
Cotton-dust asthma is breathing trouble caused by inhaling tiny dust particles from raw cotton and other plant fibers (like flax or hemp) in mills, gins, and textile plants. The dust irritates and ...
Cotton Workers’ Lung Disease
Cotton workers’ lung disease—also called byssinosis—is a lung problem caused by breathing in dust from cotton, flax, or hemp during processing in mills and factories. The dust can trigger narrowing ...
Cotton Mill Fever
Cotton mill fever is a short-lasting, flu-like illness that happens after breathing a large amount of cotton dust, usually inside textile mills. People feel feverish, chilled, achy, tired, and short ...
Cotton Dust Pneumoconiosis (Byssinosis)
Cotton Dust Pneumoconiosis (Byssinosis) is a lung disease caused by breathing cotton dust (and sometimes flax, hemp, or jute dust) in textile work. The dust irritates and inflames the airways. Over ...
Byssinosis
Byssinosis is a lung disease caused by breathing in dust from natural plant fibers at work. The dust most often comes from cotton. It can also come from flax or hemp. Tiny particles and bacterial ...
CACNB2-Related Brugada Syndrome Type 4
CACNB2-Related Brugada Syndrome Type 4 is a heart-rhythm disorder that can cause dangerous fast rhythms in the lower chambers of the heart (ventricular arrhythmias) and fainting or sudden cardiac ...
Brugada Syndrome Caused by Mutation in CACNB2
Brugada syndrome caused by mutation in CACNB2 is a heart rhythm condition that makes the heart’s electrical system unstable. It can cause dangerous fast rhythms from the bottom chambers of the heart ...
Brugada Syndrome 4
Brugada syndrome 4 is a heart rhythm condition. It affects the tiny electrical signals that make your heart beat. In Brugada syndrome, those signals do not travel normally through the top right side ...
CACNA1C-Related Brugada Syndrome
CACNA1C-related Brugada syndrome is a heart rhythm problem. It makes the lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles) beat in a dangerous way. It can cause fainting or even sudden death in people ...
Brugada Syndrome Caused by a CACNA1C Mutation
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a heart rhythm condition. It affects the heart’s electrical system and can cause dangerous fast rhythms from the lower chambers (ventricles). The typical sign is a special ...
Brugada Syndrome 3
Brugada syndrome 3 is a genetic heart-rhythm disorder caused by changes (variants) in a calcium-channel gene called CACNA1C. The gene change reduces the heart’s L-type calcium current. This can ...
Sudden Unexplained Nocturnal Death Syndrome (SUNDS)
Sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome (SUNDS) is a sudden death that happens during sleep in people who seemed healthy and whose autopsy shows no clear cause. Over the last few decades, doctors ...
Sudden Unexplained Death Syndrome (SUDS)
Sudden unexplained death syndrome is also written as SUDS or SUDY (sudden unexplained death in the young). When the death happens during sleep it is often called sudden unexplained nocturnal death ...
Pokkuri Death Syndrome (PDS)
Pokkuri Death Syndrome (PDS) is a traditional Japanese name for sudden, unexpected death during sleep in people with no obvious heart disease on autopsy. “Pokkuri” in Japanese means “suddenly and ...
Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation, Brugada Type
Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation, Brugada type is a heart rhythm problem where the lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles) suddenly beat in a very fast and chaotic way (ventricular ...
Dream Disease
“Dream disease” is known as dream-related sleep disorders, especially nightmare disorder (also called dream anxiety disorder) and other parasomnias that center on disturbing dreams, dream enactment, ...
Brugada-Type Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation
Brugada-type idiopathic ventricular fibrillation means a person has very fast, chaotic heartbeats (ventricular fibrillation) even though the heart looks normal on scans, and the ECG shows a Brugada ...
Bangungut Syndrome
Bangungut is a Filipino word that literally relates to a terrifying nightmare. In medicine, it is the local name for Sudden Unexplained Nocturnal Death Syndrome (SUNDS)—a condition where a seemingly ...
Brugada Syndrome
Brugada syndrome is an inherited heart rhythm problem. It affects the way tiny “ion channels” move electricity in the heart’s cells. This can create a special ECG pattern in the right chest leads ...
Ventilator Lung in Newborns
Ventilator lung in newborns means damage to a baby’s lungs caused or worsened by mechanical breathing support. The ventilator can save life, but if pressures, volumes, or oxygen levels are too high ...
Perinatal Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)
Perinatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a long-lasting lung disease that begins around birth in very small or very early babies. The air sacs and small airways in the lungs are still immature. After ...
Chronic Lung Disease of Prematurity
Chronic lung disease of prematurity means a baby born very early has lungs that are not fully developed and get injured after birth. The lungs do not make enough tiny air sacs (alveoli). The blood ...
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) of the Newborn
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a long-lasting lung problem that affects some premature babies. It happens when a baby is born early and the lungs are still immature. The baby often needs help to ...
Congenital (Bronchogenic) Bronchial Cysts
A congenital bronchial (bronchogenic) cyst is a fluid-filled pocket that forms before birth from an early mistake when the baby’s windpipe and airways are developing. It comes from the primitive ...
Bronchogenic Cyst
A bronchogenic cyst is a congenital (born-with) fluid-filled pocket that develops when the early foregut (the tissue that becomes the airway) buds abnormally during weeks 4–7 of pregnancy. The cyst ...
Organizing Pneumonia
Organizing pneumonia is a type of lung injury and repair. The tiny air sacs in the lung (the alveoli) and the small tubes that lead into them get damaged by something like an infection, a drug side ...
Constrictive Bronchiolitis
Constrictive bronchiolitis—also called bronchiolitis obliterans—is a chronic disease of the small airways (the tiniest breathing tubes). In this condition, the lining of these tiny tubes becomes ...
Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome
Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome is the name lung-transplant and blood stem-cell transplant teams use for a specific pattern of chronic, progressive small-airway scarring that narrows and finally ...
Bronchiolitis Fibrosa Obliterans
Bronchiolitis fibrosa obliterans (also called bronchiolitis obliterans / obliterative or constrictive bronchiolitis) is a chronic lung disease that scars and narrows the smallest breathing tubes in ...
Bronchiolitis Obliterans with Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Bronchiolitis obliterans with obstructive pulmonary disease is a small-airway disease also called constrictive bronchiolitis or obliterative bronchiolitis. It often follows a severe airway injury ...
Idiopathic Bronchiolitis Obliterans with Organizing Pneumonia
Idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia is an inflammatory lung disease. The tiny airways (bronchioles) and the neighboring air sacs (alveoli) fill with small plugs of healing ...
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonitis
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis (COP)—also called cryptogenic organizing pneumonia or bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP)—is an inflammatory lung condition. Tiny air sacs ...
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia (COP
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) is an inflammatory lung disease. “Cryptogenic” means the trigger is unknown. “Organizing pneumonia” describes the way the lung tries to heal after injury. Tiny ...
Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia (BOOP)
Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia (BOOP)—most often called Organizing Pneumonia (OP), and Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia (COP) is a healing response of the lung after injury. Instead of ...
Genuine Diffuse Phlebectasia of Bockenheimer
Genuine diffuse phlebectasia is a rare venous malformation. “Phlebectasia” means abnormally enlarged veins. In this condition, the enlargement is diffuse (spread out) and often involves most of a ...
Bockenheimer Syndrome
Bockenheimer syndrome—also called Bockenheimer disease or genuine diffuse phlebectasia—is a rare vascular anomaly in which most of the length of one limb (arm or leg) contains abnormally enlarged ...
Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome (BRBNS)
Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS)—also called Bean syndrome—is a rare condition where a person has many abnormal venous malformations (enlarged, sponge-like veins). These soft, blue-to-purple ...
Baroreflex Syndrome
Baroreflex syndrome—often called afferent baroreflex failure—is a rare problem in the body’s blood-pressure “autopilot.” Normally, stretch sensors in the carotid arteries and aorta send signals to ...
Baryta Miners’ Disease
Baryta miners’ disease is a lung dust disease that happens after breathing barium sulfate dust for a long time, usually in barite (barytes) mines or dusty jobs that handle barite powder. Doctors call ...
Barium Pneumoconiosis
Barium pneumoconiosis is a lung condition that happens when a person breathes in barium dust for many months or years, usually at work. The dust is most often barium sulfate (also called barite). The ...
Barium Lung Disease
Barium lung disease, also called baritosis, is a type of pneumoconiosis (dust-related lung disease) that happens after breathing in barium dust for a long time, usually at work. In most people, it is ...
Baritosis
Baritosis is a harmless (“benign”) form of pneumoconiosis that happens when people breathe in tiny particles of barium sulfate dust at work (for example, when crushing or milling barytes used in ...
Cardiac Arrhythmia Syndrome
Cardiac arrhythmia syndrome means a group of conditions where the heart’s electrical system does not work in the normal way. The heart can beat too fast, too slow, or in an irregular pattern. When ...
Diaphragmatic Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMARD)
Diaphragmatic spinal muscular atrophy is a very rare neuromuscular disease in which the nerves that control muscles gradually stop working. The word “diaphragmatic” tells us that the main early ...
Spinal Muscular Atrophy with Respiratory Distress Type 1 (SMARD1)
Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1) is a rare, inherited nerve-and-muscle disease. It damages the lower motor neurons (the “wires” that carry signals from the spinal ...
Autosomal Recessive Distal Spinal Muscular Atrophy Types 1
Autosomal recessive distal spinal muscular atrophy 1 is a rare inherited nerve and muscle disease. It damages the lower motor neurons in the spinal cord that control movement, especially the nerves ...
Idiopathic (Autoimmune) Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Idiopathic (autoimmune) pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a rare lung disease where a soap-like substance called surfactant builds up inside the air sacs (alveoli). This buildup blocks oxygen from ...
Autoimmune Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (aPAP)
Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP) is a rare lung disease in which the tiny air sacs (alveoli) fill up with too much surfactant—a soapy, fat-protein substance that normally keeps the ...
Autoimmune Myocarditis
Autoimmune myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle caused by the body’s own immune system attacking the heart by mistake. The immune system’s T cells, B cells, and antibodies become ...
Atrial Cardiomyopathy with Heart Block
Atrial cardiomyopathy means the atria (the two upper heart chambers) are diseased. The atrial walls may be thick, stiff, stretched, scarred (fibrosis), inflamed, infiltrated by abnormal proteins, or ...
Atrichia with Papular Lesions (APL)
Atrichia with papular lesions (APL) is a very rare, inherited hair disorder. Babies are born with normal hair or some soft hair. During the first months of life, that hair falls out. It does not grow ...
Atrial Standstill
A sinus venosus atrial septal defect (often shortened to sinus venosus ASD) is a birth defect in the wall that separates the heart’s two upper chambers (the atria). In this special subtype, the ...
Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect (SVASD)
A sinus venosus atrial septal defect (SVASD) is a hole that is not in the true thin wall between the upper heart chambers (the inter-atrial “septal membrane”). Instead, it sits just next to that ...
Atrial Septal Defect – Ostium Secundum type (Secundum ASD / Fossa Ovalis ASD)
An ostium secundum atrial septal defect is a birth-present hole in the thin wall (septum) between the two upper heart chambers (the atria). In the womb, every baby has a natural opening there to let ...
Primum Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Primum ASD)
A primum atrial septal defect is a birth defect in the wall between the two top chambers of the heart (the atria). The hole sits very low in that wall, close to the heart valves. Doctors call this ...
Partial Atrioventricular Canal Defect with an Isolated Atrial Component
A partial atrioventricular canal defect (often shortened to partial AVSD) is a birth defect of the heart where there is a hole low in the wall between the two upper chambers (the atria). This hole ...
Atrioventricular Defect with Atrial Shunting
An atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) is a birth heart condition where the wall between the top chambers (atria) and the bottom chambers (ventricles) does not develop fully, and the two heart ...
Atrial Septal Defect Ostium Primum Type
An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a hole in the wall (septum) between the two top chambers of the heart (the atria). The ostium primum type is a special kind of ASD that sits very low in the atrial ...
Unroofed Coronary Sinus (URCS)
Unroofed coronary sinus (URCS) is a rare heart birth defect where part or all of the thin wall (the “roof”) that normally separates the coronary sinus (the main vein that drains blood from the heart ...
Atrial Septal Defect Coronary Sinus Type
Atrial Septal Defect, coronary sinus type (also called unroofed coronary sinus) it’s a rare heart birth defect where the coronary sinus (a small venous channel that should drain heart-muscle blood ...
Atrial Septal Defect–Atrioventricular Conduction Defects Syndrome
ASD-AV conduction defects syndrome is a rare, inherited heart condition. A person has a hole between the heart’s upper chambers (an atrial septal defect, most often the ostium secundum type). The ...
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Associated with NKX2-5 Gene Mutation
Atrial septal defect (ASD) means there is a hole in the wall (the septum) that separates the two top chambers of the heart (the right and left atria). Because of this hole, blood can flow from the ...
Atrioventricular (AV) Conduction Defects
Atrioventricular conduction defects are problems with the heart’s “electrical wiring” between the upper chambers (atria) and lower chambers (ventricles). Signals normally pass through a relay station ...
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is a birth defect where there is a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the heart’s two upper chambers (the atria). Because of this hole, blood that should stay on the ...
Atrial Conduction Disease
Atrial conduction disease means the electrical signal travels too slowly or gets blocked as it moves across the heart’s top chambers (the right and left atria). Normally, the signal starts in the ...
