Most people think of contraceptives as a means of protection for safe sex. But it is more than a method of preventing unwanted pregnancy. It provides protection against sexually transmitted diseases. It is a tool for family planning, and it helps women provide adequate, healthy space between pregnancies. And it can be an effective treatment for a number of reproductive health issues. The use of contraception methods is also a responsible answer to the pressing problems of the world, such as overpopulation.

Contraception refers to the “intentional prevention” of conception with the use of various methods such as:

• Devices (condoms, diaphragms, IUD)
• Chemicals or substances (such as spermicides)
• Drugs (female or male contraceptive pills)
• Other sexual practices (rhythm method, withdrawal)
• Surgical procedures (vasectomy, tubal ligation
• Contraception is best reviewed with the patient when efficacy is the top priority.  The following are ordered by the most effective form of contraception to the least effective:
  • Etonogestrel contraceptive Implant
  • Levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG IUD)
  • Copper intrauterine device (IUD)
  • Female sterilization
  • Vasectomy
  • Injectables
  • Combined oral contraceptives
  • Progestin-only pill
  • Patch
  • Hormonal vaginal contraceptive ring
  • Lactational Amenorrhea
  • Diaphragm or cervical cap
  • Sponge
  • Male condom
  • Female condom
  • Spermicides
  • Fertility awareness-based methods
  • Withdrawal
  • Emergency Contraception
  • Copper IUD
  • Emergency contraceptive pills

Any device or action that prevents a woman from becoming pregnant qualifies as a contraceptive.

Effective contraception allows a couple to enjoy a sexual connection without the worry of an unwanted pregnancy. Moreover, it gives them the freedom to conceive a child at a time when they are ready for the responsibility. The best contraception methods are effective and comfortable and are also available at the lowest possible cost with the fewest possible side effects. Some barrier measures, such as male and female condoms, have the added benefit of protecting against sexually transmitted illnesses (STDs).

How Do Contraception Methods Work?

Different contraception methods work in different ways. Some of these include:

• Prevention of the sperm reaching the egg
• Prevention of monthly egg release
• Sperm inactivation (may sometimes lead to damage)
• Alteration of the lining of the uterus
• Thickening of the cervical mucus

How to Choose the Right Contraception Method for You

Choosing the right kind for you may be tricky as there are many options to choose from. Both you and your partner should have an open discussion about your personal preferences and beliefs.

Traditional Contraception Methods

Fertility awareness, or “natural” approaches, rely on monitoring of physical signals, such as changes in your body temperature and vaginal fluid. This will help you figure out when you’re fertile during your menstrual cycle.

Some of the known traditional contraception methods are:

• Rhythm method
• Symptothermal method
• Cervical mucus observation
• Coitus interruptus or withdrawal method
• Lactation amenorrhoea method

Modern Contraception Methods

Modern contraception methods include:

• Male and female condoms
• Short-acting hormonal methods (oral contraceptive pills, emergency contraceptive pills, skin patches, vaginal rings, and contraceptive shots or injectables)
• Long-acting hormonal methods (copper T intrauterine device, contraceptive hormonal implants)
• Barrier/chemical methods (sponges, spermicides, diaphragms or cervical caps)
• Surgical methods (intrauterine devices, female sterilization or tubal ligation, male sterilization or vasectomy)

What Are the Benefits of Contraception Methods?

There are several key benefits associated with using contraceptives. Many may use it to avoid unwanted pregnancy. There are also couples who wish to limit the number of their children. Furthermore, contraceptives may help young and vulnerable adolescents by preventing the rise in teenage pregnancies and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

Others may also opt for contraception to protect their unborn child from health risks and exposure to certain infections like STDs. It can also be a means to prevent a potentially life-threatening pregnancy if you have a condition such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Key Takeaways

Whatever your reasons may be, choosing the contraception method that is suitable for you requires knowledge of all the options available to you. It is necessary that you communicate openly with your partner so that you can evaluate the possible side effects, the cost, and the benefits.

Your method of choice will be influenced by a number of factors, including your overall health and your lifestyle. You may also need to consider the risk of contracting STDs, and how vital it is for you to avoid becoming pregnant.

Keep in mind that the most effective method of birth control for you is one that is safe, convenient, and easy to use consistently and correctly.

There have been few changes in male contraception compared with the range of options available to women. Although there’s ongoing research into a male contraceptive pill, there is no one available yet. Check out the other contraception options for men here.

Male contraceptive pill and other options

Male contraception is a relatively new method, compared to the wide range of options that are designed for women. While there has been a number of research into a male contraceptive pills, they are still not available to the market.

Unfortunately, women carry mostly the burden of contraception and this unfairly puts them through financial, health-related, and social stresses.

And despite the numerous advances in contraceptive options for women over the last 50 years, the global population still continues to grow faster every year.

What are the methods of male contraception available?

Currently, there are only 2 contraceptive methods designed for men. There are condoms that act as a barrier to stop sperm from reaching and fertilizing an egg.

The other is vasectomy, which is a permanent surgical procedure that stops sperm from reaching the semen during ejaculation.

Withdrawal method, or taking the penis out of a sexual partner’s vagina before ejaculation is not a valid contraception method as sperm can still be released before ejaculation and cause pregnancy.

What are the different scientific efforts made on male contraception?

There has been a continuous effort in creating an effective male contraceptive pill that ideally suppresses sperm production. There have been reports of potential hormonal pills for men. But these have several possible side effects such as testis shrinkage, loss of sex drive, and weight gain.

A current alternative to male contraceptive pills are contraceptive injections. These are still on trial in Australia and are still not available to the public. Studies have shown that a combination of the hormones testosterone and progesterone may be a safe and effective contraceptive method in the future.

This method is still young and still comes with side effects such as acne, night sweats, weight gain, and lowered sex drive. They also did not give protection from STIs and took a long time to work and wear off.

Triptolide and disrupting sperm production

A group of scientists from the US and China recently discovered a compound called triptonide, purified from a Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, which is said to cause infertility in patients. The researchers found that the compound, upon testing on mice and monkeys, caused sperm to deform and thus not viable for fertilization. The compound also did not prove to be toxic and did not have any side effects.

Triptonide interacts and binds with a protein called Junction Plaglobin (JUP), which is essential in the development of sperm cells. Triptonide disrupts the JUP, resulting in a defect in the final produced sperm cell. This mechanism by triptolide opened up new possibilities in developing male contraceptives.

Instead of suppressing sperm production, disrupting it and creating unviable sperm may be a viable method in creating future male contraceptive pills. This compound is still being tested on mice and it is still not confirmed whether this could be effective and safe for humans.

The future of male contraception

There have been a lot of clinical research efforts done recently on hormonally based male contraceptives. These efforts have demonstrated about 90-95% efficacy rates. Other challenges that hinder it are regulatory obstacles and limited delivery methods.

There are also non-hormonal methods that target the movement of sperm, and these are the more attractive solutions. Studies on genes and proteins still continue to identify potential targets for this approach, and will likely begin clinical trials in the near future.

The most important thing when choosing male contraception is to have access to accurate medical and scientific information. Always talk it over with your doctor and your partner to find the best solution that will fit your lifestyle.

But, before understanding the ways to use condoms, let’s understand a condom in short.

What is a Condom?

One of the best methods to control birth, a condom acts as a barrier and blocks the sperm to fertilize a female egg. Also, it is one of the effective ways to prevent and protect you and your partner from STDs and STIs.

Studies found that using a condom can help reduce the risks of syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and HIV/AIDS. Also, some health experts believe it can protect your sexual parts from herpes and genital warts.

With numerous researches and experiments, health experts came up with male and female condoms that are considered as one of the effective contraception.

Ways to Use Condoms

Right way to use male condoms

Male condoms act as a barrier to protect semen to enter inside a vagina and fertilize an egg. And to make it possible, male condoms are worn on the penis to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases.

So, understand how to use a male condom correctly.

• Open the wrapper of a condom carefully. Experts suggest tearing the wrapper using teeth than scissors to prevent condom tears. However, one should know that opening a wrapper with teeth can also puncture the condom. So be very careful before unwrapping a condom.
• The best way to prevent any possible risks is to check the condom before using. If you find any damages, then avoid using it.
• Now, hold the rim of the condom and pinch the tip using your thumb. Make sure, the tip of the condom is quite visible, helping you to wear it correctly.
• Gently, roll down the condom covering the whole penis. Make sure the rim is facing outside.
• If you did not wear a condom properly i.e. if the rim of the condom is under and it’s not rolling properly on your penis, remove the condom and don’t use it again. This is because the outer rim may have precum that might contain some amounts of semen.
• After wearing a condom correctly, use a water-based lubricant on the condom to reduce friction and enhance sensitivity. However, it is always advisable to use a lubricant condom to enjoy more.
• After ejaculation, pull out the condom carefully. Use one hand to hold the rim while letting another hand pull out the condom. Hold the rim tightly to prevent slippage.
• Now, tie a nod using the end of the condom to prevent slippage.

Right Way to Use Female Condoms

A female condom is larger than male condoms. The primary function of this condom is for vaginal sex, but some people do use it for anal sex.

Like male condoms, female condoms are effective too, helping to prevent pregnancy and STDs. However, they are only effective when used correctly.

So, understand how to use a female condom correctly:

• Remove the condom from the wrapper carefully. Try using your teeth to tear the packaging to prevent breakage or condom damages. Avoid using scissors to prevent damages.
• Now, lie down in a comfortable position, maybe on a bed or couch.
• Use your thumb or forefinger to pinch the smaller, inner ring at the end of the condom. Now, use your other hand and pull back the labia folds around your vagina. Slide inside the inner ring of the female condom into your vagina.
• Experts recommend using your middle finger or forefinger or both into the open end of the condom till your finger reaches the end of the condom.
• Now, push the condom gently until the condom reaches the cervix.
• Allow the outer ring of the condom to rest on the vagina and hold it during intercourse. If the ring goes inside the vagina during intercourse, stop the penetration and pull it back out.
• Ensure that your partner enters inside the condom and not between vagina and condom.
• After intercourse, twist the condom careful and pull it out gently to prevent semen spill.

Right Way to Use Dental Dams

A dental dam is a sheet made from polyurethane or latex used during anal, vaginal, and oral sex. Experts believe a dental dam can be one of the best barriers against penile oral sex and sexually transmitted infections.

So, understand how to use a dental dam correctly.

• Pen the package of the dental dam carefully. Avoid using scissors to open the package. Instead, use your teeth to open the wrapper. However, make sure you tear carefully to prevent any damages.
• Ensure you unfold the dam and look for any damages or holes if any.
• Now, place the dam on the vagina or anal. You can also use lube to hold the dam in the place properly. Ensure you hold the dam during oral sex and throw after it is done.

This is how doctors recommend using the dental dam.

Sexologists believe condoms are one of the effective birth control methods that not only prevent STDs and STIs, but also enhance sexual intercourse.

Use any type of contraception, you can always enjoy sex without worrying about sexual diseases and pregnancy.

However, a condom is believed to provide only 98 per cent of protection from pregnancy. It is always advisable to use a condom properly to avoid pregnancy or any sexual diseases.

First sold in the early 1970s, the Copper Intrauterine Device (IUD) has been a leading contraceptive device for 150 million women worldwide. This method is safe, fast, reversible, cheap, very effective, long-lasting (up to 20 years for some products), and non-hormonal. These features make it unique and desirable for many users. However, due to increased bleeding and pain, up to 15% of users remove the device during the first year. Higher percentages tolerate some of the side effects that occur after IUD insertion, but maintain the use of the method.

Types of IUDs

There are two types of IUDs available:

Copper IUD

It consists of a plastic device with copper around the shaft. Copper interferes with sperm motility and egg fertilization, and can also interfere with the implantation of fertilized eggs.

Hormone IUD

Releases the hormone progesterone, which thickens the cervical mucus and makes it difficult for sperm to enter the cervix. Progesterone also slows the growth of the endometrium, making it inconvenient to transplant fertilized eggs.

Side Effects After IUD Insertion

The most common side effects of an IUD insertion are pain, cramps, bleeding, and unwanted pregnancy.

Bleeding

Bleeding is very common in almost all women after IUD insertion. It can range from occasional spotting to heavy bleeding. You can insert the IUD at any time during the menstrual cycle, but the low dilation of the cervix during your period makes it easier for doctors to insert the IUD.

Be sure to wear a panty liner or sanitary napkin when going to your doctor. Spotting usually lasts up to 90 days, but bleeding can last up to 6 months. Some women with a hormonal IUD may eventually have no menstruation, while it is installed. But they may continue to have irregular menstruation if they have the copper IUD.

Talk to your doctor if the bleeding persists.

Cramps

Cramps or spasms occur frequently after inserting the IUD. This is because the cervix has to open to allow the IUD to pass through. The degree of cramps varies widely from low back pain to severely deviant pelvic pain.

Women who have previously given vaginal birth tend to have less pain. For some women, the cramps disappear immediately. Others may feel discomfort that usually lasts for hours or days. The cramps usually go away completely within 3-6 months. Persistent cramps usually occur more often with copper-added IUDs.

Analgesics such as acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil), and naproxen (Alive) can relieve cramps. But make sure that the optimal dose, duration of administration, and non-interaction to relieve cramps. Please consult your doctor before taking other medicines. Warm pads, hot water bottles, exercise, and drinking rosehip tea are also helpful.

Unwanted pregnancy

The IUD is more than 99% effective when inserted correctly and stays in place.
The copper IUD immediately takes effect and can also be used for emergency contraception if inserted within 5 days after unprotected sexual intercourse. The hormone IUD is only effective immediately if it is placed within the first 7 days of menstruation. Otherwise, if you have sex within 7 days of applying, you should use a condom.

Cases of pregnancy with an IUD can be rare. But if you do become pregnant while you have an IUD inserted, contact your doctor immediately to have it removed.

Misunderstandings About IUDs and IUD Insertion

The modern version of the IUD is pretty safe, but many still have doubts about it. Dr. Ashley Brandt, Obstetrics and Gynecology specialist of Cleveland Clinic, says that she regularly hears patients’ concerns about the movement of the IUD through the uterine wall to the abdomen. “Even though it seems like almost everybody knows somebody to whom that’s happened, it’s actually a pretty rare complication,” she says. If the uterus is torn, movement can occur, usually using an instrument during IUD insertion. However, these uterine perforations occur only in 0.01% of cases.

Other serious complications of the IUD are also rare. Around 1% of women experience pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) within the first 20 days after IUD insertion. There are other rare side effects that women report from the hormone IUD, such as weight gain, hair loss, mood swings, and acne. Currently, there is not enough research to support or disprove the clear relationship between the two.

Whether a couple decides to be child-free or would like to have several children, both require serious consideration and mutual understanding. Family planning is associated with the use of contraception and keeping track of fertile periods. Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) which contain hormones are one of the most common and reliable methods of preventing unplanned pregnancy. But did you know that there is evidence that oral contraceptives prevent ovarian and endometrial cancer?

What do oral contraceptive pills contain?

Generally, oral contraceptive pills contain progestin with or without estrogen. Progesterone and estrogen are naturally produced in the body, however, pills contain lab-made versions of them. Despite being synthetic, the hormones in the pills have the same effect as naturally-made progesterone and estrogen.

OCPs that only contain a version of progesterone are referred to as the “mini-pill.” Progesterone increases the thickness of the cervical mucus and thins the uterine lining. Thick mucus blocks sperm from entering the uterus, thus reducing the chances of fertilizing an egg. It can also prevent ovulation, or the release of an egg, further reducing the chances of pregnancy. On top of that, a thin uterine lining makes it harder for a fertilized egg to become implanted.

On the other hand, estrogen-containing pills offer additional effects. Estrogen is present in both sexes, albeit, in much higher amounts in women. It has positive effects on skin elasticity, bone health, and cholesterol levels. In women, estrogen plays a role in the development of secondary sex characteristics (e.g. breast development, body hair pattern) and the start of menstruation.

As part of OCPs, estrogen and progestin halt ovulation. Due to negative feedback mechanisms, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) do not get released from the brain when there is enough estrogen and progesterone in the body. Without FSH and LH, the ovaries will not release a mature egg that can be fertilized.

How can oral contraceptives prevent ovarian and endometrial cancer?

As mentioned above, estrogen and progesterone influence various bodily functions in a woman’s body throughout her lifetime. Increased estrogen levels suppress the hormone FSH while progesterone suppresses the hormone LH. Essentially, without FSH and LH to stimulate the ovaries and endometrium, cell division is not sped up– which is one of the characteristics of cancer cells.

This means taking either the mini-pill or combination OCPs offers protection against unplanned pregnancy and reduces the risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer. Additionally, women who have already had breast or ovarian cancer have a higher risk of developing endometrial cancer.

Using OCPs consistently for several years increases the protection against these cancers. Better yet, the protective benefits continue for many years even after a woman stops taking them. However, this medicine may have several drawbacks depending on your medical history. Talk to your physician or gynecologist to see if OCPs are right for you.

Are there any drawbacks?

Increased risk of other cancers

Although there is data that supports that oral contraceptives prevent ovarian and endometrial cancer, they may also increase the risk of other cancers. Women who use OCPs for several years run a higher risk of cervical and breast cancers.

Actively using OCPs or hormonal replacement therapies with estrogen increases the risk of breast cancer, while stopping almost immediately reduces it. On the other hand, the risk of cervical cancer increases severalfold depending on the number of years it has been used. The risk declines over time, although it is never as low as someone who has never taken OCPs in the first place.

Greater risk of thrombosis

In addition, the estrogen content in combined OCPs is linked to an increased risk of thrombosis or blood clots. These clots contribute to conditions like deep vein thrombosis (DVT). These risks are further increased depending on a person’s genetics and lifestyle, including family history and smoking.

Side effects

Every woman is familiar with natural fluctuations in their hormone levels, especially around their menstrual period. Unfortunately, oral contraceptives sometimes cause undesirable effects in other parts of the body. Common side effects while using OCPs include:

• Weight gain
• Enlargement of breasts
• Water retention
• Lighter or heavier period flows
• Fatigue
• Decreased libido
• Mood changes
• Depression or anxiety

Key Takeaways

So, can oral contraceptives prevent ovarian and endometrial cancer? Yes, there are studies and data that show these pills do have protective effects against these cancers. However, that does not mean they should be taken by all women nor does it mean the risk of developing cancer becomes zero. Additionally, OCPs can actually increase the risk of breast and cervical cancers along with a range of unwanted side effects. Always remember to talk to your doctor or specialist before taking any new drug or stopping your current medications.

No matter how effective your birth control method is in preventing pregnancies, accidents (such as a broken condom) can still happen. It’s during these accidents when an emergency contraception pill becomes useful. Here’s what you need to know about the morning-after pill.

What are emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs)?

Emergency contraceptive pills are pills that prevent pregnancy after engaging in unprotected sex. They are also known as morning-after pills, but you don’t have to wait until the next morning to take them. You can take them immediately after noticing that your birth control method has failed or when you’ve had sex after a missed or late dose of your regular contraception.

Most brands are effective when taken within 120 hours or 5 days after unprotected intercourse, but some are best taken within 72 hours.

Reports indicate that the emergency contraception pill has a success rate of 98 percent for women with average weight who take it within 72 hours. However, they should not replace your regular oral contraceptive pills.

How do morning-after pills work?

Morning-after pills contain either levonorgestrel or ulipristal acetate, medications that prevent ovulation or the process where the ovaries release mature egg cells. Since there’s no egg cell, fertilization cannot happen and pregnancy is prevented.

Does emergency contraception cause an abortion?

Morning-after pills do not cause abortion. In case you’re already pregnant before taking the morning-after pill, it will not affect the developing fetus in your womb.

Who can take ECPs?

Women of reproductive age who’ve had unprotected sex and want to prevent unwanted pregnancy can use an emergency contraception pill. Most women, even those under the age of 16, can take ECPs unless they are allergic to its contents or have severe asthma. Doctors also do not recommend the morning-after pill for women who take medications that may cause drug interactions. Examples of these medications include:

• John’s Wort
• Drugs for epilepsy, tuberculosis, and HIV
• Omeprazole or other medications that make the stomach less acidic
• Some types of antibiotics such as rifampicin and rifabutin

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Are emergency contraceptive pills available in the Philippines?

Pharmacies and clinics in the Philippines do not sell morning-after pills, but some online stores and sellers offer them—usually at a hefty price (around 3,500 PHP or higher). Buying medicine online from unverified sellers can be extremely risky as it’s difficult to determine if the pills are authentic and safe.

What are your emergency contraception options?

Without morning-after pills, is emergency contraception still an option for Filipinas? According to experts, yes, it still is. Instead of pills, women can choose between two other emergency contraception methods: copper IUD insertion and the Yuzpe method.

Copper IUD

According to WHO, a copper-containing intrauterine device is the most effective form of emergency contraception with a 99 percent success rate if inserted within 5 days after unprotected intercourse. It prevents pregnancy by causing chemical changes in the sperm and egg cells before fertilization occurs.

An IUD is also generally safe; reports say that less than 2 cases of pelvic inflammatory disease take place per 1000 users. Moreover, you can choose to leave it inside your uterus to serve as your primary birth control method.

Likewise, IUD is the preferred form of emergency contraception for women weighing more than 70 kilograms.

Yuzpe method

Another emergency contraception method besides morning-after pills and copper IUD is the Yuzpe method or the combined oral contraceptives (COCs). In this method, you need to take several oral contraceptive pills in two doses, 12 hours apart.

The extra contraceptive effects cause a surge of hormones that can lead to side-effects such as dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and irregular vaginal bleeding. In case you vomit within 2 hours after taking COCs, you need to repeat the dose.

The Yuzpe method is best done under your doctor’s supervision. They will guide you on the types of oral contraceptives and their doses. To be effective, you must take COCs within 5 days after unprotected intercourse.

Key Takeaways

An emergency contraception pill prevents unwanted pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse. However, morning-after pills are not available in the Philippines. The best options so far are copper IUD insertion and the Yuzpe method.

Aside from the usual forms of contraception, such as pills, implants, and male condoms, did you know that there are also female condoms? Read on to learn more about the different types of female condoms, how to use them, and how effective they are.

What are Female Condoms?

Female condoms, also known as internal condoms, are condoms that females can use. Similar to condoms used by men, female condoms work by acting as a barrier to prevent sperm from entering the uterus. And just like condoms for men, female condoms also offer protection against sexually transmitted diseases.

Interestingly, the idea of female condoms is not exactly a new invention, as similar forms of contraception have been in use since ancient times. However, the modern female condom as we know it was only invented in 1994.

Despite being around for close to 20 years, not a lot of women are still aware that they exist, where to buy them, and how to use them. When used correctly, female condoms can help protect women against STDs and puts them in control of their reproductive health.

How Do You Use Them?

Using female condoms is pretty straightforward. Female condoms look like a pouch that has two rings on each end. The closed-end is inserted into the vagina, while the ring on the open end remains outside the vagina. This helps keep the condom in place, and also makes it easy to remove it after use.

During sex, make sure to check that the outer ring stays outside the vagina. If you feel the outer ring going inside your vagina, stop having sex and check to see if the condom is still intact.

After sex, simply twist the outer ring, and gently pull it out. Be sure to not reuse female condoms, and dispose of them properly after use.

Female condoms can also be used for anal sex, and the process of using it is similar to vaginal sex.

Are They Better Than Regular Condoms?

Most couples who have used female condoms agree that compared to male condoms, female condoms are more pleasurable to use. Men find that it doesn’t dull the sensation like male condoms do, and women also feel the same way. It also makes sex more “spontaneous” as women can wear it before having sex.

Some women even feel that the outer ring stimulates their clitoris even more during sex, making it more pleasurable.

Most women also agree that using female condoms give them peace of mind, because they’re in control of the ability to protect themselves against STDs.

How Effective are Female Condoms?

In terms of effectiveness, when properly used, female condoms are just as effective as male condoms. Since they’re made of the same material, and work exactly the same way, female condoms are a viable alternative to regular condoms.

One thing to consider is that they tend to be more expensive compared to regular condoms. Though, it’s much cheaper to use protection during sex, rather than risk being infected and paying much more for treatment.

What are the Different Types of Female Condoms?

There are two main types of female condoms available, the FC1 and the FC2 condom. Though, in most countries, the FC1 condom is no longer being produced, with the FC2 replacing it.

The FC1 condom is made of polyurethane, which is a type of plastic. While the FC2 is made of synthetic latex, just like regular condoms. This also means that the FC2 can be used by women who have an allergy to natural latex. Consult your doctor for available options.

Key Takeaways

Regardless of whether or not you and your partner prefer female condoms or male condoms, the important thing is to practice safe sex.

Safe sex helps prevent the risk of STDs, and also empowers women to decide when they want to have children.

All forms of sexual contact carry risks of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or diseases (STDs).

Safe sex (sometimes called ‘safer’ sex) is about protecting oneself and partners from STIs. Safe sex allows one to stay healthy and in some cases, it can make the sexual experience better.

Sexual activity with one partner is generally believed to be safe, especially when neither party has an STI. But there are a number of medical experts and professionals that believe that ‘safe sex’ does not exist.

They believe that not having sex altogether is the only way to prevent contracting infection. Here are the best tips for safe sex.

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Best tips for safe sex: What should one keep in mind to practice safe sex?

Get to know your partner

Do not jump into sexual relations with a new partner before talking about past partners, history of STIs and/or drug use.

Prioritize consent and communication

The key factors in safe sex are consent and communication. It is important to remember that consent is ongoing, mutual, and free from coercion. Consent can only be obtained through communication.

Use condoms

Condoms are largely believed to protect against STIs. It is important to note that while condoms are preventive for certain diseases like genital warts, syphilis, or HIV, they are not 100% protective.

Proper Vaccinations

Vaccines are effective in preventing diseases such as hepatitis B and HPV.

HPV vaccination is encouraged for children as young as 9 years up to 26 years old. Adults aged 27 to 45 who have not gotten vaccinated before may choose to get it after speaking to their physician regarding their risk for HPV infections.

Vaccination for hepatitis B is also recommended if it had not been done before.

• Have your partner use a condom if engaging in oral sex.
• Ingesting alcohol and/or drugs is strongly discouraged as it increases the odds of participating in high-risk sex.
• Post-intercourse, women should not douche. Douching does not protect against STIs. Instead, it could spread an infection further up the reproductive tract and can destroy the vagina’s natural spermicidal protection.
• Get Pap tests, pelvic exams, and STI tests regularly.
• Be aware of your body and your partner’s. Check for sores, blisters, rashes or abnormal discharge.

What types of risk-free intimacy are there?

For those who opt not to engage in vaginal, oral or anal sex, there are a few risk-free ways to gain sexual pleasure and intimacy with a partner.

One is masturbating. Self-pleasure as it is otherwise called, is touted as a healthy way to experience sexual stimulation and achieve stress and tension relief.

There is also “dry humping”, also known as grinding, with clothes on.

Penetrative safe sex

Penetrative sex, or sexual intercourse, is the insertion of a body part or toy inside a person’s front hole, vagina, or anus.

The following are some best tips for safe sex:

• Use a barrier, such as condoms. Barriers are meant to be used only once per sexual activity and per partner. Note that condoms should be placed on an erect penis, otherwise there is a risk of it sliding down. Additionally, be mindful of latex allergies.
• The condom must be worn correctly. Pinch the reservoir tip before rolling the condom over the penis to leave space to collect semen. The condom should be rolled down to the base of the penis such that the barrier is covering the entire organ.
• When removing the condom, make sure that the base ring of the condom is secure to avoid bodily fluids from spilling out and making contact with one’s partner.
• Use only one condom at a time. Using two or more on the same penis at the same time will increase friction and increase the chances that one or both condoms will break.
• Use a water-based lubricant. Lubrication lessens the amount of friction on a condom, thus lessening the likelihood of breakage.
• When using a condom for penetrative sex, it may help to apply lube on the front hole, vagina, or anus before insertion. This should decrease pain and friction while increasing pleasure.

Safe sex using toys

Another method of self-pleasure is by using toys, like vibrators and anal beads. They help stimulate body parts internally and externally.

The following are best tips for safe sex using toys.

• Always use a barrier (i.e., latex condoms).
• Toys should not be shared if they have been exposed to bodily fluids like semen, vaginal fluids, saliva, or blood. This is to avoid getting infected with an STI.
• If the toys are indeed for sharing, they must be thoroughly sanitized. Due to the many different materials toys are made from, they need different cleansing methods, whether it be washing with soap and water or boiling in hot water for a period of time.

Key Takeaways

Unprotected sex is highly risky. It is easy to get STDs or STIs this way. Among the best tips for safe sex when engaging in vaginal or anal sex is to use a condom each time.

A lubricant is also a good option for both vaginal and anal sex. Oral sex has a very small possibility of transmitting HIV, but it can pass on a variety of other STIs such as herpes, syphilis, hepatitis B, gonorrhea and HPV.

Some healthcare professionals still vote for abstinence as the foolproof way to avoid STIs, while vaccinations for various viruses and infections are also available.

During pregnancy, concerns about health and safety naturally arise. One of these questions is whether it is safe to have sex while you are pregnant. What does safe sex during pregnancy mean?

Safe Sex During Pregnancy: Common Misconceptions

Penetration will not harm the baby

Penetration and sexual intercourse will not harm the baby who is well protected. Your uterus has muscular walls and your abdomen along with the fluid of the amniotic sac all serve as a cushion for your baby.

Orgasms will not trigger labor

Others are worried about the contractions that are caused by orgasms. They are worried that those contractions can trigger labor. The contractions caused by orgasm are different from those labor contractions.

But care must be taken in the final weeks of pregnancy

Although, some doctors would advise not to have sex during the final weeks of pregnancy, because of certain hormones in the semen which can stimulate contractions.

Women who are overdue and would like to induce labor, some doctors would advise sex because of the hormone prostaglandin, which some doctors believe can induce contractions and potentially labor.

Just keep in mind that the connection between that hormone and labor contraction is not yet well-established and is just theoretical for the most part.

In short, if you have a normal pregnancy and you are not suffering from any complications or any disease which can have a complication, then having sex during pregnancy is perfectly fine.

Safe Sex During Pregnancy: When to Abstain

Though it is generally safe to have sex during pregnancy, there are certain situations where having sex is not recommended.

As mentioned earlier, there are some situations where doctors would advise against sex while a woman is pregnant. The following are some of those conditions:

• You have a history of miscarriage or your doctor has diagnosed you to be at risk of miscarriage.
• Your doctor has determined that you run the risk of preterm labor or labor contractions before the 37th week of pregnancy.
• You are experiencing vaginal bleeding or cramps with no determined cause yet. Your doctor will probably advise against having sex under this condition.
• The amniotic sac has ruptured and is leaking.
• The placenta is placed too low inside your uterus.
• You are expecting twins or multiple babies at the same time.

As you can see, the conditions under which safe sex during pregnancy is not possible, are quite rare.

Practicing Safe Sex During Pregnancy

While it is okay to have sex during pregnancy for most of the time, there are still some things you have to keep in mind.

Each woman’s experience of pregnancy is unique and that same is true when it comes to sex. For some women, sexual desire or libido is reduced during pregnancy. Some, however, feel more sexual and have a strong desire for sex.

Your feelings may also be tied with the changes that your body is undergoing. Whatever your experience or sexual drive is, it is perfectly natural.

The most important thing is that you are informed about what you can do and what works.

Safe Sex During Pregnancy: Tips to Remember

• It is still advisable to practice safe sex during pregnancy if you are having sex with a new partner or if you are not in a monogamous relationship.
• Make sure that you discuss how you feel about sex during this period with your partner. Openly discussing your honest feelings about intercourse during this time can help strengthen your relationship.
• Think beyond vaginal sex. Some might still feel uneasy about the idea of sexual intercourse during pregnancy. If you feel that way, then you should explore other avenues of intimacy beyond vaginal sex.
• Avoid having sex on your back. It’s not very comfortable and it might strain your hips. Try positions that do not put pressure on your hips, abdomen, or back.
• Explore what you can do with sex toys. Use the period of pregnancy as a time for experimentation and exploration.
• You can also try having sex while submerged in water. It can create a sense of weightlessness and sensations that can be very unique and less straining.

These are just some of the ideas that you can explore when you want to have sex while you are pregnant.

As you can see, it’s all about exploration. Don’t hesitate to try new things as long as you are properly informed about safe sex during pregnancy.

Myths About Sex During Pregnancy

There are plenty of myths regarding sex during pregnancy that might hold you back.

In the Philippines, for example, it is believed that having sex while a woman is pregnant will cause the baby to be born with white stuff on the head. Some also believe sex could stimulate early labor or even, miscarriage.

With a little knowledge about anatomy and how pregnancy works, you can easily disprove these myths. And engage in intimacy armed with the knowledge of how to do so safely.

Key Takeaways

It’s perfectly to enjoy sex during pregnancy. And it is also fine to abstain, should you choose to do so. This is a time when you could explore new avenues of intimacy with your partner, as long as you get the approval of your doctor and you are not suffering from any complications.

Common Body Changes During Pregnancy

Here are some of the things that can occur to a woman’s body once she gets pregnant:

The uterus grows bigger

During pregnancy, a woman’s uterus, also called the womb, grows bigger in order to have space for the baby. As the uterus grows bigger, it can apply pressure on some of the organs such as the stomach and bladder. This may cause the stomach to feel tight, and in the case of pressure on the bladder, this makes women want to go to the bathroom more often.

Larger breasts

By the second trimester, you might notice your breasts start to get larger. This is your body’s way of preparing you for breastfeeding.

Stretch Marks

Another of the common body changes during pregnancy is having stretch marks in different parts of your body. This happens because, during pregnancy, the hormonal changes can soften the fibers of your skin. This makes your skin more prone to developing stretch marks.

It might be worrying to see stretch marks pop up, but there’s no need to worry. Over time, stretch marks do fade, and you can use creams or ointments that can help speed up the process a bit.

Fatigue

Some women tend to feel fatigued during their pregnancy². This is a fairly common experience and is an effect of all the hormonal changes that are happening during pregnancy. This is why pregnant women need to get enough rest, eat right, and avoid being too stressed out.

Constipation

It’s not uncommon for pregnant women to also experience constipation as one of the bodies changes during pregnancy. Again, this is a result of hormones that cause bowel movements to slow down, which can sometimes lead to constipation.

Having a diet full of fiber and drinking enough water should be able to help prevent this from happening.

Swelling

Some pregnant women can experience swelling of their face, hands, and feet during pregnancy³. This happens because a pregnant woman’s body tends to hold more water than usual. A good way to remedy this would be to stay hydrated, avoid eating too many salty foods and elevate the swollen body part.

Thicker hair and stronger fingernails

One interesting body change during pregnancy is having thicker hair and stronger fingernails. Mothers might notice that while they’re pregnant, their hair tends to not fall out, and even grows thicker. Their fingernails also feel tougher and stronger, though there are cases wherein the opposite happens.

These changes are also the result of hormones that are produced during pregnancy.

Weight gain

Weight gain is fairly normal during pregnancy. This is especially true during the final months of pregnancy. Aside from the weight of the baby, the added weight also comes from amniotic fluid as well as blood that is required by the baby to grow healthy.

But don’t fret, pregnancy weight gain can be lost, and in fact, breastfeeding is an effective way of losing weight after giving birth.

Mood swings

Again, this is a result of hormonal changes during pregnancy. Some women might feel more emotional, while some might have more ups and downs in terms of their emotions.

Some even feel insecure because of the various changes happening to their body. Either way, these feelings are valid and perfectly normal. Don’t forget that if you feel helpless or overwhelmed, you can seek help from a mental health expert. Always consult your doctor.

Which vaccinations should you be getting? And is it possible to get vaccinated during pregnancy? Find out the answers to these questions, and more.

Vaccinations before pregnancy

Why You Should Get Vaccinated

Immune system boost

First off, why is it important for women to get vaccines before getting pregnant¹? One of the reasons why vaccines before pregnancy are necessary is because the immune system becomes weaker when a woman is pregnant.

This means that a pregnant woman can be more prone to illnesses such as the flu or even COVID-19. So it is important to get vaccinated so she and her baby can stay healthy. This helps ensure that she will have a safe and healthy pregnancy, and the baby will also be born healthy and free from complications.

Protection for the baby

vaccines also help protect the unborn baby from certain infections. For example, if a mother has received a vaccine against measles, once she gives birth, her baby is protected against measles. Though, the protection only lasts anywhere from three months to about a year. Even if the protection doesn’t last a long time, a baby’s first year is very important.

Another important thing to remember is to keep track of any vaccinations you’ve already had. If you’re not sure, try asking your parents or relatives if they remember which vaccines you’ve already had. This is because some vaccines that were given to you when you were younger can still provide immunity up to adulthood.

Not all vaccines can be taken when pregnant

Lastly, the reason why getting vaccines before pregnancy is important is that there are vaccines that should not be taken while pregnant. These might cause some side effects, or affect the baby’s development if a woman gets them while she’s pregnant. So in the case of these vaccines, getting them before pregnancy is ideal.

Important Vaccinations Before Pregnancy

Now that we’ve established why vaccinations before pregnancy are important, which vaccines should mothers get? Here are some important vaccines to take²:

MMR Vaccine

The MMR vaccine protects mothers and babies from measles, mumps, and rubella. Most children were vaccinated with this while they were young and it protects a person for life. However, it’s still a good idea to double-check.

Flu Vaccine

Another important vaccination before pregnancy is the flu vaccine. This vaccine is reformulated each year, since flu strains change yearly. So it’s a good idea to take this before trying to conceive, so that you are protected from the flu while you’re pregnant.

Hepatitis A and B Vaccine

Hepatitis A and B vaccines are also recommended during pregnancy. You may also get these vaccines while you’re pregnant. But it might be easier to do it beforehand just to make sure there are no side effects. Be sure to consult your doctor first before getting this vaccine.

Varicella or Chickenpox Vaccine

Chickenpox can harm both a pregnant mother, as well as the fetus. So it’s important to get the vaccine for chickenpox before you try and get pregnant. Ideally, you should get this about 4 weeks before you conceive. Though you can get it earlier than that.

HPV Vaccine

Included in the list of vaccinations before pregnancy, the HPV vaccine protects mothers against HPV, and lowers their risk of cervical cancer.

Lastly, as part of vaccinations before pregnancy, because of the pandemic, it’s very important to get the COVID-19 vaccine as soon as you are able. This helps increase your resistance against the virus, and protects both you and your baby.

Key Takeaways

When it comes to vaccinations before pregnancy, it’s important to always discuss things with your doctor first. They can give you advice on which vaccines to take, and when to schedule these vaccines so that you don’t experience any serious side effects.

References