Systemic contact dermatitis is a skin condition that occurs when your body’s immune system reacts to a substance after it has entered your bloodstream. This can happen if you come into contact with an irritant or allergen that triggers an allergic reaction in your skin.
Systemic contact dermatitis is a type of allergic reaction that affects the skin. Unlike regular contact dermatitis, which only affects the skin that comes into direct contact with an allergen, systemic contact dermatitis can affect areas of the skin that were not directly exposed to the triggering substance. This happens because the allergen has entered your bloodstream and circulated throughout your body, leading to a widespread reaction.
Types
- Allergens and Irritants Systemic contact dermatitis – can be caused by various allergens and irritants. Allergens are substances that trigger an allergic reaction when they come into contact with the skin, while irritants can cause a non-immune-mediated reaction. Common allergens include nickel, fragrance, latex, and certain plants like poison ivy. Irritants may include soaps, detergents, and chemicals found in cleaning products. These substances can enter the bloodstream and cause systemic reactions.
- Type I Systemic Contact Dermatitis: Type I SCD is a rare form of the condition that develops rapidly after exposure to an allergen. The allergen can be a variety of substances, such as certain medications, foods, or insect stings. When your body encounters the allergen, it triggers an immediate immune response, leading to a widespread rash.
- Type IV Systemic Contact Dermatitis: Type IV SCD is more common than Type I and typically develops after repeated exposure to an allergen. This delayed hypersensitivity reaction occurs when your immune system recognizes the allergen and initiates an inflammatory response. Common allergens include certain metals like nickel, fragrances, and latex.
Causes
Common causes of systemic contact dermatitis and provide simple explanations to help you understand this condition better.
1. Nickel Allergy
Nickel is a metal commonly found in jewelry, belt buckles, and other accessories. People with a nickel allergy experience an immune response when this metal comes in contact with their skin, leading to red, itchy rashes.
2. Fragrances
Perfumes, scented lotions, and other fragranced products can trigger systemic contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. The chemicals in these products can cause widespread skin irritation and allergic reactions.
3. Latex
Latex is a natural rubber material used in gloves, balloons, and other products. Some people may be allergic to latex, and when it touches their skin, it can lead to a systemic allergic reaction.
4. Preservatives
Certain preservatives, such as parabens, are added to cosmetics, skincare products, and even some foods to prolong their shelf life. These preservatives can cause allergic reactions in some individuals.
5. Hair Dyes
Hair dyes contain various chemicals that can trigger skin allergies. When these chemicals are absorbed through the scalp, they can cause systemic contact dermatitis.
6. Plants
Contact with certain plants, like poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac, can cause systemic contact dermatitis. The plants’ oils contain a substance called urushiol that leads to an allergic reaction when it touches the skin.
7. Sunscreen
Though vital for sun protection, certain sunscreen ingredients can be problematic for those with sensitive skin. Some chemical sunscreens can trigger allergic reactions and systemic contact dermatitis.
8. Topical Medications
Even topical medications, such as creams and ointments, can cause systemic contact dermatitis in some cases. Active ingredients or additives in these medications may lead to adverse skin reactions.
9. Fragranced Laundry Detergents
The fragrances and other additives in laundry detergents can irritate the skin when it comes into contact with clothes, bedding, or towels, leading to systemic contact dermatitis.
10. Metal Alloys in Jewelry
Apart from nickel, other metals like cobalt and chromium used in metal alloys for jewelry can also cause systemic contact dermatitis in those allergic to them.
11. Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde is used in various products, including adhesives, household cleaners, and certain cosmetics. It is a potent allergen that can trigger widespread skin irritation.
12. Antibiotics
Certain antibiotics, when applied topically, can cause systemic contact dermatitis in susceptible individuals. It is essential to be cautious when using any medication on the skin.
13. Rubber Accelerators
Rubber products, like gloves and elastic bands, contain rubber accelerators that can trigger allergic reactions and systemic contact dermatitis.
14. Fragranced Soaps and Shower Gels
Using soaps and shower gels with added fragrances can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions in some individuals.
15. Solvents
Chemical solvents, such as those found in paint thinners and cleaning agents, can be harsh on the skin and lead to systemic contact dermatitis.
16. Haircare Products
Haircare products like shampoos, conditioners, and styling gels may contain allergenic chemicals that can trigger reactions on the scalp and other parts of the body.
17. Certain Foods
In some cases, certain foods like citrus fruits, tomatoes, and spices can lead to systemic contact dermatitis when they come in contact with the skin.
18. Epoxy Resins
Epoxy resins are used in various industrial applications and can cause skin allergies and systemic contact dermatitis upon contact.
19. Dental Products
Dental materials like dental cement and orthodontic appliances can contain substances that cause allergic reactions in the mouth and on the skin.
20. Airborne Allergens
Allergens like pollen, mold spores, and pet dander can lead to systemic contact dermatitis if they come into contact with the skin and trigger an allergic reaction.
21. Cleaning Products
Household cleaning products, especially those with harsh chemicals, can cause skin irritation and systemic contact dermatitis.
22. Fabrics and Clothing
Certain fabrics and clothing materials, such as wool and synthetic fibers, can irritate the skin and lead to systemic contact dermatitis.
23. Personal Care Products
Other personal care products, like deodorants, shaving creams, and antiperspirants, may contain allergens that cause skin reactions.
24. Insecticides and Pesticides
Insecticides and pesticides contain chemicals that can irritate the skin and cause systemic contact dermatitis in some cases.
25. Plasters and Bandages
Adhesives and other materials in plasters and bandages can lead to skin allergies and systemic contact dermatitis when used on the skin.
26. Metals in Electronics
Certain metals used in electronic devices and gadgets can cause skin allergies and systemic contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals.
27. Industrial Chemicals
Working with industrial chemicals without proper protection can cause skin irritation and systemic contact dermatitis.
28. Nail Products
Nail polish, nail polish removers, and artificial nails may contain chemicals that cause skin allergies and systemic contact dermatitis.
29. Clothing Dyes
Dyes used in fabrics can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions in some individuals.
30. Tattoo Ink
Tattoo ink, particularly red and black inks, may contain allergenic substances that can cause skin reactions and systemic contact dermatitis in tattooed individuals.
Symptoms
Symptoms associated with systemic contact dermatitis, helping readers recognize and understand the condition better.
- Rash – One of the most apparent symptoms of systemic contact dermatitis is a rash. This rash often appears red, itchy, and inflamed, covering larger areas of the body beyond the initial contact point.
- Hives – Hives, or urticaria, are raised, itchy welts that can appear on the skin due to the allergic reaction caused by systemic contact dermatitis.
- Swelling – Swelling of the affected area is common in systemic contact dermatitis. It occurs as a result of the immune system’s response to the allergen.
- Blistering – In some cases, the rash may develop into blisters filled with fluid. These blisters can be painful and may rupture, leading to open sores.
- Itching – Persistent itching is a hallmark symptom of systemic contact dermatitis. The urge to scratch the affected area can intensify the condition and lead to potential complications.
- Burning Sensation – Some individuals may experience a burning or stinging sensation on their skin, indicating an inflammatory response.
- Dryness and Scaling – As the rash progresses, the affected skin may become dry, flaky, and start to peel or scale.
- Oozing and Crusting – In severe cases, the rash may ooze fluid and develop crusts. This occurs due to the body’s attempt to heal itself and can be a potential source of infection.
- Red or Darkened Patches – The skin may develop red or darkened patches as the inflammation worsens. These patches can be warm to the touch and may cause discomfort.
- Formation of Eczema – Systemic contact dermatitis can trigger the development of eczema, a chronic skin condition characterized by red, itchy, and inflamed skin patches.
- Fatigue – As the body deals with an immune response, individuals may experience fatigue or a general feeling of tiredness.
- Fever – In some cases, systemic contact dermatitis can lead to a mild fever, particularly if the reaction is widespread or severe.
- Headache – Headaches may occur as a secondary symptom of the body’s inflammatory response to the allergen.
- Joint Pain – Some people may experience joint pain or stiffness alongside systemic contact dermatitis.
- Swollen Lymph Nodes – The body’s lymph nodes may become swollen as the immune system fights off the allergic reaction.
- Nausea – Nausea or a feeling of queasiness can occur, though it is less common than other symptoms.
- Shortness of Breath – In severe cases, systemic contact dermatitis can trigger respiratory symptoms, including shortness of breath.
- Rapid Heart Rate – An increased heart rate may be experienced as the body reacts to the allergen.
- Dizziness – Dizziness or lightheadedness can occur, particularly if the reaction is severe.
- Anaphylaxis – In rare cases, systemic contact dermatitis can lead to anaphylaxis, a severe and life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention.
Diagnosis
Diagnoses and tests for systemic contact dermatitis,
- Allergic Patch Test The allergic patch test is a common diagnostic tool used to identify specific allergens causing systemic contact dermatitis. During the test, a small amount of various substances is applied to patches on the skin and left for a designated time. If an allergic reaction occurs at the application site, it indicates sensitivity to that particular substance.
- Skin Prick Test In a skin prick test, a small amount of allergen extract is placed on the skin’s surface, and the skin is gently pricked to allow the allergen to enter. If a reaction, such as redness or swelling, appears, it suggests the presence of an allergic response to the substance.
- Photopatch Test A photopatch test is similar to the patch test but is conducted under ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. This test helps identify substances that may trigger photosensitive reactions in the presence of sunlight.
- Skin Biopsy A skin biopsy involves the removal of a small sample of skin tissue for examination under a microscope. This test helps dermatologists identify the type of dermatitis present and rule out other skin conditions.
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) A CBC is a blood test that measures various components of the blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It helps evaluate overall health and detect potential underlying causes of systemic contact dermatitis, such as infections or systemic disorders.
- Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) The ESR test measures how quickly red blood cells settle in a test tube. Elevated ESR levels may indicate inflammation, which can be linked to systemic contact dermatitis.
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Test The CRP test measures the level of C-reactive protein in the blood, which is a marker of inflammation. Elevated CRP levels may indicate the presence of inflammatory processes related to systemic contact dermatitis.
- Skin Swab Culture A skin swab culture involves collecting a sample from the affected skin area and testing it for bacterial or fungal infections. Identifying and treating infections can prevent exacerbation of systemic contact dermatitis.
- Patch Testing with Cosmetics Specifically focused on cosmetic products, this patch test helps determine whether certain cosmetics trigger systemic contact dermatitis.
- Patch Testing with Metals Metals like nickel, cobalt, and chromium are common allergens. Patch testing with metals helps identify allergies to these substances.
- Patch Testing with Fragrances Fragrances are a frequent cause of systemic contact dermatitis. Patch testing with a range of fragrances can help pinpoint the culprits.
- Patch Testing with Medications Some medications may cause allergic reactions. Patch testing with a variety of drugs can identify potential allergens.
- Patch Testing with Preservatives Preservatives in various products can trigger dermatitis. Patch testing with different preservatives helps identify these allergens.
- Patch Testing with Rubber Additives Rubber products, such as latex, may be the cause of contact dermatitis. Patch testing with rubber additives helps pinpoint allergens.
- Patch Testing with Textile Dyes Textile dyes and finishes might trigger skin reactions. Patch testing with textile dyes can help identify problematic substances.
- Patch Testing with Plants Plants and their derivatives may cause allergic reactions. Patch testing with various plant extracts can help detect plant-related allergens.
- Oral Food Challenge In some cases, systemic contact dermatitis can be triggered by certain foods. An oral food challenge involves supervised ingestion of potential allergenic foods to monitor for adverse reactions.
- Elimination Diet An elimination diet involves avoiding specific foods for a period and then gradually reintroducing them to identify potential food allergies linked to systemic contact dermatitis.
- Intralesional Testing Intralesional testing involves injecting small amounts of allergenic substances into the skin to determine if a specific allergen triggers a reaction.
- Phototesting Phototesting helps identify substances that may lead to phototoxic or photoallergic reactions when exposed to sunlight.
- Skin Scraping for Mites Demodex mites can cause dermatitis in some individuals. Skin scraping can reveal their presence and help with appropriate treatment.
- Skin Prick Test for Inhalant Allergens Inhalant allergens, such as pollen and pet dander, may exacerbate systemic contact dermatitis. Skin prick testing can identify sensitivities to these allergens.
- Skin Patch Test for Airborne Allergens Similar to skin prick tests, patch tests for airborne allergens can identify sensitivities to a broader range of allergens.
- Blood Tests for Allergen-Specific IgE Blood tests can measure specific IgE antibodies to assess allergic sensitization to various substances, including potential allergens linked to systemic contact dermatitis.
- Skin Barrier Function Test A skin barrier function test evaluates the skin’s ability to retain moisture and protect against external irritants. Impaired barrier function may contribute to the development of systemic contact dermatitis.
- Inflammatory Mediator Testing Testing for inflammatory mediators, such as histamines, can provide insights into the immune response involved in systemic contact dermatitis.
- Skin Hydration Test Measuring skin hydration levels can help identify dry skin conditions that may exacerbate systemic contact dermatitis.
- Allergen Avoidance Education While not a test per se, educating patients about allergen avoidance is a crucial component of managing systemic contact dermatitis.
- Provocation Testing Provocation testing involves controlled exposure to potential allergens to confirm their role in triggering systemic contact dermatitis.
- Symptom Diary Keeping a symptom diary can help patients track potential triggers and provide valuable information to healthcare professionals for diagnosis and treatment.
Treatment
Treatments for systemic contact dermatitis to help you find relief and regain healthy skin.
1. Topical Corticosteroids – Topical corticosteroids are commonly used to reduce inflammation and itching associated with systemic contact dermatitis. They come in various strengths, from mild to potent, and should be applied directly to the affected areas as prescribed by your doctor.
2. Emollients – Emollients are moisturizers that soothe and hydrate the skin. They create a protective barrier, helping to reduce dryness and prevent further irritation. Regular application of emollients can improve the skin’s natural protective function.
3. Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors – Calcineurin inhibitors, like tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, are non-steroidal medications that also help in reducing inflammation. They are especially useful for sensitive areas, such as the face and groin.
4. Systemic Corticosteroids – For severe cases, oral or intravenous corticosteroids may be prescribed to rapidly control inflammation throughout the body. However, these should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional due to potential side effects.
5. Phototherapy (Light Therapy) – Phototherapy involves exposing the skin to controlled amounts of ultraviolet light. This treatment helps reduce inflammation and can be effective in managing systemic contact dermatitis.
6. Wet Dressings – Wet dressings involve applying cool, moist bandages to the affected areas. This technique can help soothe the skin, reduce itching, and promote healing.
7. Antihistamines – Antihistamines are often used to alleviate itching and promote better sleep. They block histamine, a chemical released during an allergic reaction that causes itching.
8. Avoiding Triggers – Identifying and avoiding the allergens that trigger your systemic contact dermatitis is crucial. Common triggers include certain metals (e.g., nickel), fragrances, and certain chemicals. Consult with a dermatologist to determine your specific triggers.
9. Allergen Patch Testing – Allergen patch testing is a diagnostic tool used to identify the specific allergens causing your dermatitis. This can help you avoid exposure to those triggers in the future.
10. Topical Antibiotics – If your skin becomes infected due to scratching or open sores, your doctor may prescribe topical antibiotics to prevent or treat the infection.
11. Oral Antibiotics – For more severe infections, oral antibiotics may be necessary to address the underlying bacterial issues.
12. Skin Barrier Creams – Skin barrier creams, also known as protective creams, provide an additional layer of protection for the skin against irritants and allergens.
13. Moisturizing Bath Oils – Adding moisturizing bath oils to your bathwater can help keep your skin hydrated and reduce dryness.
14. Systemic Immunosuppressant Medications – In some severe cases, when other treatments have not been effective, systemic immunosuppressant medications may be prescribed to suppress the immune system’s response.
15. Cool Compresses – Applying cool compresses to the affected areas can provide relief from itching and inflammation.
16. Soaps and Cleansers – Using gentle, fragrance-free soaps and cleansers can help avoid further irritation to sensitive skin.
17. Avoiding Hot Water – Hot water can aggravate systemic contact dermatitis. Stick to lukewarm or cool water while bathing and washing hands.
18. Colloidal Oatmeal Baths – Colloidal oatmeal baths can soothe the skin and reduce inflammation. Oatmeal has natural anti-inflammatory properties.
19. Stress Management – Stress can worsen dermatitis symptoms. Engage in relaxation techniques like meditation or yoga to manage stress.
20. Avoiding Tight-Fitting Clothing – Wearing loose-fitting, breathable clothing can reduce friction and irritation on the skin.
21. Herbal Remedies – Certain herbal remedies, such as chamomile and aloe vera, may help soothe inflamed skin. However, consult with your healthcare provider before using any herbal treatments.
22. Dead Sea Salt Baths – Bathing in water with Dead Sea salt can provide relief due to its mineral-rich properties.
23. Coconut Oil – Applying coconut oil to the affected areas can help moisturize and soothe the skin.
24. Evening Primrose Oil Supplements – Evening primrose oil supplements may help reduce inflammation in some cases.
25. Calamine Lotion – Calamine lotion can help relieve itching and dry out oozing or weeping rashes.
26. Zinc Supplements – Zinc is known for its anti-inflammatory properties, and taking zinc supplements might be beneficial for some individuals.
27. Witch Hazel – Witch hazel is a natural astringent that can help relieve itching and inflammation.
28. Probiotics – Probiotics can help balance gut health, which may positively impact the immune system and skin health.
29. Aloe Vera Gel – Applying aloe vera gel can help soothe and heal inflamed skin.
30. Avoiding Scratching – Resist the urge to scratch as it can worsen the condition and lead to infections.
Conclusion:
Systemic contact dermatitis can be uncomfortable and distressing, but with the right treatments and lifestyle adjustments, relief is possible. Work closely with a dermatologist to identify the most suitable treatments for your specific condition, and don’t forget the importance of avoiding triggers and maintaining good skin care practices. By incorporating these 30 treatments into your routine, you can improve your skin’s health and overall well-being.
