Acne inversa (also known as hidradenitis suppurativa) is a chronic skin condition characterized by recurrent boils or abscesses in skin folds such as the armpits, groin, and under the breasts that affects hair follicles in areas where skin rubs together, such as buttocks.. It is a type of acne that affects areas with sweat glands, leading to painful, inflamed bumps and scarring.
Causes
The exact cause of acne inversa is not yet known, but the following factors have been identified as potential causes:
- Genetics: Some studies suggest that there may be a genetic predisposition to acne inversa, as it often runs in families.
- Hormonal changes: Hormonal fluctuations, such as puberty, menstrual cycles, pregnancy, and menopause, can trigger outbreaks of acne inversa.
- Bacteria: The presence of bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, in the hair follicles can cause inflammation and infection, leading to acne inversa.
- Obstruction of hair follicles: Overactive sweat and oil glands, as well as tight clothing, can cause hair follicles to become obstructed and infected.
- Smoking: Smoking has been linked to an increased risk of developing acne inversa, as it reduces blood flow and oxygen to the skin, leading to blockages in hair follicles.
- Obesity: Excess weight and obesity can increase friction and pressure on skin, leading to outbreaks of acne inversa.
- Immune system: People with weakened immune systems may be more susceptible to developing acne inversa, as their bodies are unable to fight off infections and inflammation effectively.
- Stress: High levels of stress have been linked to outbreaks of acne inversa, as it triggers the release of hormones that can exacerbate the condition.
Symptoms
The main symptoms of acne inversa include:
- Painful lumps or nodules: These are often red and tender to the touch and may become infected.
- Drainage: The nodules may drain pus or blood and may leave scars.
- Swelling: The affected area may become swollen and tender.
- Recurrence: The condition often comes and goes, with periods of remission and flare-ups.
- Interference with daily activities: Acne inversa can cause pain and discomfort, making it difficult to perform daily activities.
- Depression and anxiety: The condition can be distressing and may cause feelings of sadness and anxiety.
- Embarrassment: The nodules may be visible and noticeable, causing embarrassment and shame.
It is important to seek medical treatment for acne inversa as it can lead to complications such as abscess formation, scarring, and widespread infections.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of acne inversa is typically made based on the clinical presentation and physical examination. However, in some cases, further tests may be conducted to confirm the diagnosis or rule out other conditions.
The following tests may be used to diagnose acne inversa:
- Skin biopsy: A small sample of skin is taken and examined under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis.
- Blood tests: Blood tests may be conducted to rule out other conditions such as an autoimmune disease or an infection.
- CT scan: A CT scan may be used to evaluate the extent of the disease and detect any underlying abnormalities.
- MRI: An MRI may be used to get a better view of the tissue and to assess the severity of the disease.
It is important to seek prompt medical attention if you suspect you have acne inversa, as early treatment can help prevent the progression of the disease and improve the outcome.
Treatment
It Is a chronic skin condition that affects hair follicles and sweat glands. There is no known cure for acne inversa, but there are several treatments that can help control its symptoms. The main treatment options for acne inversa include:
- Antibiotics: Antibiotics such as minocycline, doxycycline, or tetracycline can be prescribed to help control inflammation and prevent infections.
- Topical treatments: Topical creams and gels, such as benzoyl peroxide or retinoids, can help unclog pores and reduce inflammation.
- Hormonal therapy: Hormonal therapy, such as oral contraceptives or androgen blockers, may be prescribed for patients with acne inversa that is influenced by hormonal imbalances.
- Surgical treatments: In severe cases, surgical treatments such as incision and drainage, wide excision, or skin grafting may be necessary to remove affected tissues and prevent recurrence.
- Lifestyle changes: Maintaining good hygiene, losing weight, and avoiding tight clothing or activities that may irritate the skin can also help control acne inversa symptoms.
It is important to work with a dermatologist to find the right treatment plan that works best for you.
