Sorghum – Nutritional Value, Health Benefits, Recipes Sorghum is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the grass family (Poaceae). Some of these species are grown as cereals for human consumption and some in pastures for animals. One species, Sorghum bicolor, was originally domesticated in Africa and has since spread throughout the globe. Seventeen of the 25 species are native to Australia,[rx][rx] with the range of some extending to Africa, Asia, Mesoamerica, and certain islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.[rx][rx] One species is grown for grain, while many others are used as fodder plants, either cultivated in warm climates worldwide or naturalized in pasture lands.[rx] Sorghum is in the subfamily Panicoideae and the tribe Andropogoneae (the tribe of big bluestem and sugarcane). Sorghum Quick Facts Name: Sorghum Scientific Name: Sorghum bicolor Origin Northern Africa and now widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. Colors Pale yellow or reddish brown-dark brown Shapes Tight-headed, round panicle, Diameter: 3-4 mm Taste Sweet Calories 632 Kcal./cup Major nutrients Manganese (134.00%) Carbohydrate (106.47%) Iron (80.63%) Phosphorus (79.29%) Leucine (77.46%) Health benefits Prevents cancer, Control diabetes, Prevents anemia, Level of energy, Improves mood Sorghum Facts Sorghum is a tall plant that yields Sorghum grains. It is the commonly grown crop after rice, corn, wheat and barley. It is cultivated in many Western countries. The diet which includes Sorghum provides various health benefits. Sorghum is also used to feed animals or processed into secondary products such as sorghum syrup and alcohol. Only a few varieties are used for consumption purposes. Name Sorghum Scientific Name Sorghum bicolor Native Northern Africa and now widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. Common/English Name Beer Sorghum, African Millet, Black Seeded Sorghum, Black Millet, Brown- Seeded Sorghum, Broom Corn, Brown Durra, Chinese Sugar Cane, Chicken Corn, Chinese Sorgum, Chinese Millet, Durra, Feterita, Egyptian Corn, Great Millet, Gooseneck, Forage Sorghum, Guinea Corn, Grain Sorghum, Guinea Wheat, Indian Millet, Indian Grain Sorghum, Jerusalem Corn, Italian Whisk, Ka fi r Corn, Milo, Kaf fi r-Corn, Large-Seeded Sorghum, Kamerun Grass, Negro Corn, Maili, Orange Sorgum, Pampas Rice, Orange Sawgum, Pearl Millet, Rice Corn, Rhodesian Sudan Grass, Saccharine Sorghum, Rox Orange, Shallu, Shattercane, Soft-Seeded Sorghum, Sorghum, Sordan, Sorghum-Sudangrass, Sorghum Cane, , Sugar Sorghum, Sweet Sorghum, Sudanese Sorghum, Tennessee Rice, Turkish Millet, Wacona Orange, White Durra, Venetian Whisk, West African Grain Sorgum. Name in Other Languages Arabic: Miknis, Gafuli; Argentina: Sorgo, Sorgo Granifero; Brazil (Portuguese): Milho –De-Vassoura, Sorgo; Burmese: Shallu; Chinese: Duo Mai Gāoliáng, Zhong Guo Gāoliáng; Cook Islands (Maori): Tarapi; Czech: Čirok Obecný; Danish: Almindelig Durra, Sukkersorghum; Dutch: Dari, Suiker-Sorghum; Eastonian: Harilik Sorgo; Ethiopia: Bachanta; Finnish: Sokerihirssi, Durra; French: Dari, Sorgho Penché; German: Gewöhnliche Mohrenhirse, Zuckerrohr; Huasa: Dawa; Hungarian: Cirok; India:- Bengali: Jowar, Gujarati: Jowar, Hindu: Chari, Jowar, Kannada: Jola, Marathi: Jwari, Oriya: Janha, Sanskrit: Jawari, Joar, Tamil: Karuncoolam, Cholam, Telugu: Jonna, Jannalu; Indonesia: Jagung Cantel, Cantel; Italian: Dura, Sorugami; Kenya (Kikamba) : Muvya; Korean: Susu; Laotian: Khauz Fangz; Libya: Gafuli; Malaysia: Jagung Gerebang, Jagung; Mali (Bamanankan): Kenike; Marshall Islands: Korn; Nigeria (Idoma): Igwu; Norwegian: Brundurra, Kvastdurra; Philippines:- Bikol: Batad, Bisaya: Batad, Ibanag: Bakau, Ifugao: Gau, Sulu: Layagah, Tagalog: Batag, Batad; Portugal: Massambala, Sorgo Para Vassouras; Russian: Belaia Durra, Sorgo Venichnoe; Rwanda (Kinyarwanda): Ishaka; Slovašcina: Krmni Sirek; Slovencina: Cirok Dvojfarebný; Spanish: Daza, Zahina; South Africa:- Afrikaans: Graansorghum, Ndedele: Mabele, Pedi: Mabele, Setswana: Mabele; Sotho: Mabele, Xhosa: Amazimba, Zulu: Amabele; Sudan: Dura; Swahili: Mtama; Swedish: Durra, Sockerdurra; Thai (Central Thailand): Kao Liang, Samut Kodom; Tongan: Kola; Turkish: Misir Darisi, Zura; Vietnamese: Cao Lương Ðỏ, Miến To; Yoruba : Oka Bab, Baba Plant Growth Habit Erect, robust, herbaceous annual Growing Climate Tropical and subtropical Soil Sandy, loamy and clay Plant Size 3–4 m Lifespan 1 year Root Fibrous root system Leaves Broad, coarse, Breadth: 5 cm, Length:0.75 m Branchlets Slender, drooping, inflorescence, alternate Stem Rigid Flowering Season August-October Flower Hermaphrodite Grain shape & size Tight-headed, round and droopy panicle, Diameter: 3 to 4 mm Fruit color Pale yellow or reddish brown-dark brown Flavor/aroma Bland Fruit Taste Sweet Seed Round or oval shape Varieties/Types Red, Orange, Bronze, Tan, White and Black colored Sorghum Fruit Season September-October Major Nutritions Manganese, Mn 3.082 (134.00%) Carbohydrate 138.41 (106.47%) Iron, Fe 6.45 (80.63%) Phosphorus, P 555 (79.29%) Leucine 2.863 (77.46%) Magnesium, Mg 317 (75.48%) Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) 0.851 (65.46%) Copper, Cu 0.545 (60.56%) Tryptophan 0.238 (54.09%) Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) 0.637 (53.08%) Valine 1.077 (50.99%) Isoleucine 0.831 (49.70%) Vitamin B3 (Niacin) 7.081 (44.26%) Selenium, Se 23.4 (42.55%) Protein 20.39 (40.78%) Health Benefits Assists in digestion Prevents cancer Control diabetes Helps celiac disease Maintain bone health Prevents anemia Level of energy Assist thyroid health Improves cognitive power Improves mood Calories in 1cup (192 gm) 632 Kcal. Traditional uses In Lagos state (Nigeria), Sorghum leaf is used an infusion of Randia lucida roots and soaked in potash water in local herbal medicine. In Lagos (Nigeria), Sorghum is used to treat pain, anemia and inflammation. In South Western Nigeria, Sorghum is used as the treatment for sickle-cell anemia, headache, multiple myeloma, leukemia, blood and heart -related problems. The decoction which is made from Sorghum grains is used as an aphrodisiac in India to treat complaints of kidney and urinary tract. The red pigment of Sorghum is believed to possess antifungal and antimicrobial properties and in traditional medicine, it used as an aid for anemia. Precautions Some people might experience problem in digestion which may lead to disease by causing inflammation. The pregnant and breast feeding women should avoid the use of Sorghum. Tannin in brown Sorghum grain restricts the human body to absorb other nutrients. Sorghum grain is liable to fungal growth and mycotoxin production. So well preserved cereals should be used for consumption purpose. Sorghum plant which is immature is poisonous. It is not a safe sugar substitute for diabetics. How to Eat The flour of Sorghum can be prepared as flatbreads and porridge. Sorghum grains which are cracked can be cooked like rice. Sorghum is also used to prepare alcoholic beverages. The green Sorghum can be consumed like sweet corn. Sweet syrup could be made from Sorghum. Sorghum could be cracked, ground, flaked or steamed. It could be consumed as an instant breakfast cereal. The flour of Sorghum is used to make an Indian bread. Sorghum is distilled in order to produce vinegar, spirit and maotai which are known to be the famous liquors in the world. Sweet syrup is obtained from the stems of sweet Sorghum. It is an excellent substitute for wheat. Other Facts Sorghum is considered as a vital cereal crop after rice, maize, wheat and barley. Sorghum is also used in some starches which are used for papermaking and adhesives. Red varieties of sorghum are used in Africa to dye red the leather. Less water is required for Sorghum in comparison to maize and wheat. Sorghum is also used as food source for poultry and cattle. The Sorghum stem is used to manufacture baskets. Sorghum commonly known as broom corn, great millet, durra, Howard, and milo is a large grain plant native to Northern Africa which is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions these days. It is a member of the grass family Poaceae or Gramineae. It is the fifth most important cereal crop after wheat, corn, rice and barley. It is also known from various vernacular names such as French: Dari, Sorgho Penché; Italian: Dura, Sorugami; Malaysia: Jagung Gerebang, Jagung; Russian: Belaia Durra, Sorgo Venichnoe, and Spanish: Daza, Zahina. Sorghum Scientific Classification Scientific Name: Sorghum bicolor Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name) Kingdom Plantae (Plants) Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants) Superdivision Spermatophyta (Seed plants) Division Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants) Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledons) Subclass Commelinidae Order Cyperales Family Poaceae/Gramineae (Grass family) Genus Sorghum Moench (Sorghum) Species Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Sorghum) Synonyms Agrostis nigricans (Ruiz & Pav.) Poir. Andropogon besseri Kunth Andropogon bicolor (L.) Roxb. Andropogon caffrorum (Thunb.) Kunth Andropogon compactus Brot. Andropogon dulcis Burm.f. Andropogon niger (Ard.) Kunth Andropogon rubens Kunth Andropogon saccharatrus Kunth Andropogon saccharatus (L.) Raspail Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. Andropogon sorghum f. pallidus Chiov. Andropogon sorghum subsp. sativus Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. abyssinicum Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. albofuscus Koen. Andropogon sorghum var. ankolib Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. arabicus Körn. Andropogon sorghum var. bicarinatus Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. bicolor (L.) Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. bicolor (L.) Körn. Andropogon sorghum var. burmanicus G.T.Benson & Subba Rao Andropogon sorghum var. cafer (Ard.) Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. cafer (Ard.) Körn. Andropogon sorghum var. caudatus Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. cernuus (Ard.) Körn. Andropogon sorghum var. cernuus Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. corymbosus Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. dochna (Forssk.) C.Chr. Andropogon sorghum var. durra (Forssk.) Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. elegans Körn. Andropogon sorghum var. elegans Körn. ex K. Schum. Andropogon sorghum var. eois Burkart ex Benson & Subba Rao Andropogon sorghum var. globosus Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. hians Hook.f. Andropogon sorghum var. irungu G.T.Benson & Subba Rao Andropogon sorghum var. leiostachyus Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. miliformis (Hack.) Hook. f. Andropogon sorghum var. miliiformis Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. neesii Körn. Andropogon sorghum var. nervosus (Besser ex Schult.) Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. niger (Ard.) Koern. & Wern. Andropogon sorghum var. nitidus Chiov. Andropogon sorghum var. obovatus (Hack.) Hook. f. Andropogon sorghum var. obovatus Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. pulcher G.T.Benson & Subba Rao Andropogon sorghum var. rubens (Willd.) Alef. Andropogon sorghum var. rubrocermuus Körn. ex Schweinf. Andropogon sorghum var. rubrocernuus Körn. Andropogon sorghum var. rufescens Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. saccharatum (L.) Alef. Andropogon sorghum var. saccharatus (L.) Körn. Andropogon sorghum var. saccharatus Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. sativus Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. schenkii Körn. Andropogon sorghum var. schimperi Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. splendidus Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. subglabrescens (Steud.) Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. subglobosus Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. submuticus Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. technicus (Körn.) Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. technicus Körn. Andropogon sorghum var. truchmenorum (K. Koch) Koern. & Wern. Andropogon sorghum var. usorum (Nees) Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. usorum (Nees) Körn. Andropogon sorghum var. vulgaris (Pers.) Stapf ex Hook. f. Andropogon sorghum var. wightii (Hack.) Hook. f. Andropogon sorghum var. wrightii Hack. Andropogon sorghum var. yemensis Körn. Andropogon subglabrescens Steud. Andropogon truchmenorum Walp. Andropogon usorum Steud. Andropogon vulgare (Pers.) Balansa Andropogon vulgaris Raspail Holcus albus Steud. Holcus arduinii J.F.Gmel. Holcus bicolor L. Holcus cafer Ard. Holcus caffrorum (Retz.) Thunb. Holcus cernuus Ard. Holcus cernuus Muhl. Holcus cernuus Willd. Holcus compactus Lam. Holcus dochna Forssk. Holcus dora Mieg Holcus duna J.F.Gmel. Holcus durra Forssk. Holcus ferrugineus Schrad. ex Roem. & Schult. Holcus niger Ard. Holcus nigerrimus Ard. Holcus nigricans Steud. Holcus pyramidalis Steud. Holcus rubens Gaertn. Holcus saccharatus var. technicus (Körn.) Farw. Holcus sorghum Brot. Holcus sorghum L. Holcus sorghum var. caffrorum (Thunb.) L.H.Bailey Holcus sorghum var. durra (Forssk.) L.H.Bailey Holcus sorghum var. technicus (Körn.) L.H.Bailey Milium bicolor (L.) Cav. Milium compactum (Lam.) Cav. Milium maximum Cav. Milium nigricans Ruiz & Pav. Milium sorghum (L.) Cav. Milium sorgo Garsault Panicum caffrorum Retz. Panicum frumentaceum Salisb. Rhaphis sorghum (L.) Roberty Sorghum abyssinicum (Hack.) Chiov. Sorghum album Roem. & Schult. Sorghum ankolib (Hack.) Stapf Sorghum anomalum Desv. Sorghum arduinii (Gmel.) J.Jacq. Sorghum basiplicatum Chiov. Sorghum basiplicatum f. eburneum Chiov. Sorghum basiplicatum f. jodolepis Chiov. Sorghum basiplicatum f. leucolepis Chiov. Sorghum basiplicatum var. atropaniculata Chiov. Sorghum basiplicatum var. microcarpum Chiov. Sorghum basiplicatum var. pallescens Chiov. Sorghum basiplicatum var. paniculatellum Chiov. Sorghum basiplicatum var. pseudoanfetum Chiov. Sorghum basiplicatum var. rubellum Chiov. Sorghum basiplicatum var. rubrogeminum Chiov. Sorghum basiplicatum var. subflavescens Chiov. Sorghum basutorum Snowden Sorghum bicolor subsp. bicolor Sorghum bicolor var. bicolor Sorghum bicolor var. cafer (Körn.) Fosberg & Sachet Sorghum bicolor var. caffrorum (Retz.) Mohlenbr. Sorghum bicolor var. cernuum (Ard.) Ghi?a Sorghum bicolor var. exaristatum Doronina & Ivanjuk. Sorghum bicolor var. miliiforme (Hack.) Teplyak. Sorghum bicolor var. obovatum (Hack.) Fosberg & Sachet Sorghum bicolor var. rotundulum (Snowden) Fosberg & Sachet Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum Mehrotra, Aswal & B.S. Bisht Sorghum bicolor var. sikkimense (Snowden) Teplyak. Sorghum bicolor var. subglabrescens (Steud.) Fosberg & Sachet Sorghum bicolor var. subglobosum (Hack.) Snowden Sorghum bicolor var. technicum (Körn.) Stapf ex Holland Sorghum caffrorum (Retz.) P.Beauv. Sorghum caffrorum var. albofuscum (Körn.) Snowden Sorghum caffrorum var. bicarinatum (Hack.) Snowden Sorghum caffrorum var. neesii (Körn.) Snowden Sorghum campanum Ten. & Guss. Sorghum caudatum (Hack.) Stapf Sorghum caudatum var. angolense (Rendle) Stapf Sorghum caudatum var. aristatum Ivanjuk. Sorghum caudatum var. caudatum Sorghum caudatum var. coffeatum Ivanjuk. Sorghum caudatum var. dicarpum Ivanjuk. Sorghum caudatum var. hackelii (Chiov.) Snowden Sorghum caudatum var. purpureum Ivanjuk. Sorghum centroplicatum Chiov. Sorghum centroplicatum var. alborubrum Chiov. Sorghum centroplicatum var. dubium Chiov. Sorghum centroplicatum var. ellipsoideum Chiov. Sorghum centroplicatum var. erythromelas Chiov. Sorghum centroplicatum var. faregg Chiov. Sorghum centroplicatum var. globosum Chiov. Sorghum centroplicatum var. incertum Chiov. Sorghum centroplicatum var. pallidocernuum Chiov. Sorghum centroplicatum var. perlarium Chiov. Sorghum centroplicatum var. pseudoneesii Chiov. Sorghum centroplicatum var. sabderatense Chiov. Sorghum centroplicatum var. subcarneum Chiov. Sorghum centroplicatum var. tricolor Chiov. Sorghum cernuum (Ard.) Host Sorghum cernuum var. globosum (Hack.) Snowden Sorghum cernuum var. truchmenorum (Klokov) Snowden Sorghum cernuum var. yemense (Körn.) Snowden Sorghum chinense Jakusch. Sorghum commune P.Beauv. Sorghum compactum Lag. Sorghum conspicuum Snowden Sorghum coriaceum Snowden Sorghum dochna (Forssk.) Snowden Sorghum dochna var. atrum Snowden Sorghum dochna var. burmanicum (Benson & Subba Rao) Snowden Sorghum dochna var. corymbosum (Hack.) Snowden Sorghum dochna var. dochna Sorghum dochna var. formosum Snowden Sorghum dochna var. irungu (Benson & Subba Rao) Snowden Sorghum dochna var. melliferum Snowden Sorghum dochna var. obovatum (Hack.) Snowden Sorghum dochna var. pulchrum (Burk. ex Benson & Subba Rao) Snowden Sorghum dochna var. technicum (Körn.) Snowden Sorghum dochna var. wrightii (Hack.) Snowden Sorghum doncha var. wightii (Hack.) Snowden Sorghum dora (Mieg) Cuoco Sorghum dulcicaule Snowden Sorghum dulcicaule var. griseo-lilacinum Ivanjuk. Sorghum dura Griseb. Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Batt. & Trab. Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Stapf Sorghum durra var. elongatum Snowden Sorghum durra var. eois (Burk. ex Benson & Subba Rao) Snowden Sorghum durra var. erythrocarpum (Chiov.) Snowden Sorghum durra var. fiorii (Chiov.) Snowden Sorghum durra var. fuscum Snowden Sorghum durra var. melanoleucum (Chiov.) Snowden Sorghum elegans (Körn.) Snowden Sorghum eplicatum Chiov. Sorghum eplicatum f. dichrolepis Chiov. Sorghum eplicatum f. geminatum Chiov. Sorghum eplicatum f. laxum Chiov. Sorghum eplicatum var. cereum Chiov. Sorghum eplicatum var. erythrocarpum Chiov. Sorghum eplicatum var. fiorii Chiov. Sorghum eplicatum var. hackelii Chiov. Sorghum eplicatum var. heterochromum Chiov. Sorghum eplicatum var. melanoleucum Chiov. Sorghum eplicatum var. virescens Chiov. Sorghum exsertum Snowden Sorghum gambicum Snowden Sorghum giganteum Edgew. Sorghum glabrescens (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch. Sorghum glycychylum Pass. Sorghum guineense Stapf Sorghum japonicum (Hack.) Roshev. Sorghum margaritiferum Stapf Sorghum medioplicatum Chiov. Sorghum melaleucum Stapf Sorghum melanocarpum Huber Sorghum mellitum Snowden Sorghum membranaceum Chiov. Sorghum membranaceum var. baldratianum Chiov. Sorghum miliiforme (Hack.) Snowden Sorghum miliiforme var. rotundulum Snowden Sorghum miliiforme var. sikkimense Snowden Sorghum nankinense Huber Sorghum nervosum Besser ex Schult. & Schult.f. Sorghum nervosum Chiov. Sorghum nigericum P.Vig. Sorghum nigricans (Ruiz & Pav.) Snowden Sorghum nigricans var. angolense (Rendle) Snowden Sorghum nigrum (Ard.) Roem. & Schult. Sorghum notabile Snowden Sorghum pallidum Chiov. Sorghum papyrascens Stapf Sorghum pyramidale Roem. & Schult. Sorghum rigidum Snowden Sorghum rollii Chiov. Sorghum roxburghii var. hians (Hook.f.) Stapf Sorghum rubens Willd. Sorghum saccharatum (L.) Pers. Sorghum saccharatum Host Sorghum saccharatum var. atrum (Snowden) Doronina & Ivanjuk. Sorghum saccharatum var. bicolor (L.) Kerguélen Sorghum saccharatum var. burmanicum (Burk. ex Benson & Subba Rao) Doronina & Ivanjuk. Sorghum saccharatum var. corymbosum (Hack.) Doronina & Ivanjuk. Sorghum saccharatum var. corymbosum (Hack.) Doronina & Ivanjuk. Sorghum saccharatum var. formosum (Snowden) Doronina & Ivanjuk. Sorghum saccharatum var. giganteum Doronina & Ivanjuk. Sorghum saccharatum var. irungu (Burk. ex Benson & Subba Rao) Doronina & Ivanjuk. Sorghum saccharatum var. melliferum (Snowden) Doronina & Ivanjuk Sorghum saccharatum var. obovatum (Hack.) Doronina & Ivanjuk Sorghum saccharatum var. papyraceum Doronina & Ivanjuk Sorghum saccharatum var. pulchrum (Burk. ex Benson & Subba Rao) Doronina & Ivanjuk Sorghum saccharatum var. rubens (Kunth) Nees Sorghum saccharatum var. technicum (Körn.) Doronina & Ivanjuk Sorghum saccharatum var. vulgare (Pers.) Kuntze Sorghum saccharatum var. wightii (Hack.) Doronina & Ivanjuk Sorghum sativum (Hack.) Batt. & Trab Sorghum schimperi (Hack.) Chiov Sorghum simulans Snowden Sorghum sorghum (L.) H.Karst. Sorghum splendidum (Hack.) Snowden Sorghum subglabrescens (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch. Sorghum subglabrescens var. arabicum (Körn.) Snowden Sorghum subglabrescens var. microcarpum (Chiov.) Snowden Sorghum subglabrescens var. rubrocernuum (Körn.) Snowden Sorghum subglabrescens var. schimperi (Hack.) Snowden Sorghum tataricum Huber Sorghum technicum (Körn.) Batt. & Trab. Sorghum technicum (Körn.) Roshev. Sorghum truchmenorum K.Koch Sorghum usorum Nees Sorghum vulgare Pers. Sorghum vulgare subsp. bicolor (L.) Maire & Weiller Sorghum vulgare var. angolense Rendle Sorghum vulgare var. bicolor (L.) Eaton & Wright Sorghum vulgare var. bicolor (L.) Pers. Sorghum vulgare var. caffrorum (Retz.) F.T.Hubb. & Rehder Sorghum vulgare var. caudatum (Hack.) A.F. Hill Sorghum vulgare var. cernuum (Ard.) Fiori & Paoli Sorghum vulgare var. durra (Forssk.) F.T.Hubb. & Rehder Sorghum vulgare var. nervosum (Besser ex Schult.) Forbes & Hemsl. Sorghum vulgare var. nigricans (Ruiz & Pav.) Hill Sorghum vulgare var. rubens (Gaertn.) Pers. Sorghum vulgare var. subglabrescens (Steud.) A.F. Hill Sorghum vulgare var. technicum (Körn.) Fiori & Paol. Sorghum vulgare var. technicum (Körn.) Jáv. Sorghum vulgare var. vulgare Plant Sorghum is an erect, robust, herbaceous annual plant that is often 3-4 m in height. The Sorghum plant prefers tropical and subtropical climates. It can be grown successfully in a variety of soils ranging from sandy, loamy, and clay. A leaf that is broad and coarse is generally 5 cm in breadth and 0.75 m in length. The flower is hermaphrodite which flowers from August to October. The stem is rigid with grass blades flat, glabrous, and waxy. The plant has a fibrous root system. Branches are alternate, slender, drooping and inflorescence. It is an annual crop that has a lifespan of one year. Grain The grains are 3 to 4 mm in diameter, tight-headed with round and droopy panicles. The seeds are round or oval in shape. Sorghum is sweet in taste and has a bland flavor. It is harvested from September to October. Nutritional value of Sorghum Serving Size: 1 Cup, 192 g Calories 632 Kcal.Calories from Fat 59.76 Kcal. Proximity Amount % DV Water 23.81 g N/D Energy 632 Kcal N/D Energy 2644 kJ N/D Protein 20.39 g 40.78% Total Fat (lipid) 6.64 g 18.97% Ash 2.75 g N/D Carbohydrate 138.41 g 106.47% Total dietary Fiber 12.9 g 33.95% Total Sugars 4.86 g N/D Minerals Amount % DV Manganese, Mn 3.082 mg 134.00% Iron, Fe 6.45 mg 80.63% Phosphorus, P 555 mg 79.29% Magnesium, Mg 317 mg 75.48% Copper, Cu 0.545 mg 60.56% Selenium, Se 23.4 µg 42.55% Zinc, Zn 3.21 mg 29.18% Potassium, K 697 mg 14.83% Calcium, Ca 25 mg 2.50% Sodium, Na 4 mg 0.27% Vitamins Amount % DV Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) 0.851 mg 65.46% Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) 0.637 mg 53.08% Vitamin B3 (Niacin) 7.081 mg 44.26% Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) 0.184 mg 14.15% Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid) 0.705 mg 14.10% Vitamin B9 (Folate, Folic acid) 38 µg 9.50% Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) 0.96 mg 6.40% Lipids Amount % DV Fatty acids, total saturated 1.171 g 1.80% Lauric acid (dodecanoic acid) 12:00 0.002 g N/D Myristic acid 14:00(Tetradecanoic acid) 0.004 g N/D pentadecanoic acid (15:00) 0.002 g N/D Palmitic acid 16:00 (Hexadecanoic acid) 1.043 g N/D Margaric acid (heptadecanoic acid) 17:00 0.004 g N/D Stearic acid 18:00 (Octadecanoic acid) 0.01 g N/D Behenic acid (docosanoic acid) 22:00 0.008 g N/D Lignoceric acid (tetracosanoic acid) 24:00 0.015 g N/D Fatty acids, total monounsaturated 2.172 g N/D Palmitoleic acid 16:1 (hexadecenoic acid) 0.031 g N/D 16:1 t 0.004 g N/D Oleic acid 18:1 (octadecenoic acid) 2.114 g N/D Gadoleic acid 20:1 (eicosenoic acid) 0.021 g N/D Nervonic acid (Tetracosenoic acid) 24:1 c 0.006 g N/D Fatty acids, total polyunsaturated 2.991 g 17.59% Linoleic acid 18:2 (octadecadienoic acid) 2.867 g N/D Linolenic acid 18:3 (Octadecatrienoic acid) 0.125 g N/D Fatty acids, total trans 0.01 g N/D Fatty acids, total trans-monoenoic 0.01 g N/D Amino Acids Amount % DV Leucine 2.863 g 77.46% Tryptophan 0.238 g 54.09% Valine 1.077 g 50.99% Isoleucine 0.831 g 49.70% Histidine 0.472 g 38.31% Threonine 0.664 g 37.73% Lysine 0.44 g 13.16% Methionine 0.324 g N/D Cystine 0.244 g N/D Phenylalanine 1.048 g N/D Tyrosine 0.616 g N/D Arginine 0.682 g N/D Alanine 1.983 g N/D Aspartic acid 1.427 g N/D Glutamic acid 4.683 g N/D Glycine 0.664 g N/D Proline 1.636 g N/D Serine 0.887 g N/D Flavoids Amount % DV Proanthocyanidin Proanthocyanidin dimers 69.2 N/D Proanthocyanidin trimers 88.7 N/D Proanthocyanidin 4-6mers 438 N/D Proanthocyanidin 7-10mers 564.1 N/D Proanthocyanidin polymers (>10mers) 2584.9 N/D *Above mentioned Percent Daily Values (%DVs) are based on 2,000 calorie diet intake. Daily values (DVs) may be different depending upon your daily calorie needs. Mentioned values are recommended by a U.S. Department of Agriculture. They are not healthbenefitstimes.com recommendations. Calculations are based on average age of 19 to 50 years and weighs 194 lbs. Source: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/6531 Health Benefits of Sorghum Sorghum is an excellent source of riboflavin, Vitamin B6, thiamin, and minerals such as iron, potassium, manganese, and magnesium. The report shows that 192 gm is loaded with 632 Kcal which offers a calorie-rich diet with other minerals and vitamins. It possesses a huge amount of carbohydrates, with 40.78% protein, 18.97% fat, 2.50% calcium and iron, vitamin B1, and nicotinic acid in small amounts. Assists indigestion The dietary fiber assists in the proper functioning of the digestive system. However, Sorghum is rich in dietary fiber. A single serving of Sorghum provides the dietary fiber by 48% of the daily recommended value. This assists in preventing the health conditions such as bloating, cramping, stomach aches, constipation, diarrhea, and excess gas. The high amount of fiber helps to eliminate LDL cholesterol levels which upgrade heart health and also prevent heart attacks, atherosclerosis, and strokes. (1) Prevents cancer Various important antioxidants are possessed in the bran layer of the Sorghum. These antioxidants reduce the risk of cancer such as esophageal cancer. Antioxidants eliminate the free radicals from the body which leads the healthy cells to mutate into cancer cells. (2) Controls diabetes The breakdown of excessive carbohydrates into simple sugars is the cause of diabetes. Sorghum possesses a high amount of tannin which prohibits starch absorption by the body that regulates the glucose and insulin level in the body. Sorghum helps to balance these levels which eliminate the plunges and spikes in the glucose levels and also prevents health complications and diabetic shock. (3) Helps celiac disease Celiac disease is an allergy to gluten found in wheat-based products. Normally wheat or gluten is found in various food items, it makes the situation worse. But Sorghum helps to relieve nausea, painful inflammation, and gastrointestinal damage caused by gluten. (4) Maintain bone health Sorghum possesses a high amount of Magnesium which helps to maintain calcium levels by increasing the absorption of calcium in the body. These two minerals are essential for bone tissue development and to speed up the healing process of aging or damaged bones. This helps to forbid the health conditions such as arthritis and osteoporosis in old age. Prevents anemia Sorghum possesses iron, copper, and magnesium which help to increase iron absorption in the body. This reduces the chances of anemia that is led by iron deficiency. An adequate amount of iron and copper increases the development of red blood cells, enhances blood circulation, cellular growth increases the hair growth, and boosts the level of energy. (5) 7. Level of energy Vitamin B6 is essential to transform food into usable fuel and energy in the body. This helps to stabilize the energy throughout the day. Sorghum provides 28% of Vitamin B6 of the daily recommended value. (6) Assist thyroid health Manganese is a vital component of thyroxine which is an essential hormone in the thyroid gland. Sorghum is rich in manganese which helps to function the thyroid glands properly which results in losing weight, appetite, efficient organ systems, and metabolism. (7) Improves cognitive power The function of the brain and neurotransmitters is based on phosphorus. Phosphorus helps to maintain the response of emotions, neurons, and hormones. The phosphorus deficiency is associated with the decrease in cognitive power and age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Improves mood The research shows that Vitamin B6 has a huge role in the production of serotonin and GABA neurotransmitters in the brain which controls mood. Vitamin B6 is essential for to hinder pain, depression, anxiety, and fatigue. This shows that Vitamin B6 helps to prevent mood disorders and raise the mood. Vitamin B6 also assists in the production of hormones in the brain which treats the brain diseases and mood disorders. The research shows that the supplements of Vitamin B6 assist to uplift the mood, relieve pain with energy and concentration. References https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3257681/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5748761/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4711439/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3257681/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7294352/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4608274/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7915747/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7294352/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5066953/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK76060/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4188247/ https://www.elsevier.com/books/nuts-and-seeds-in-health-and-disease-prevention/preedy/978-0-12-818553-7 https://www.elsevier.com/books/nuts-and-seeds-in-health-and-disease-prevention/preedy/978-0-12-375688-6 https://www.amazon.com/Nuts-Seeds-Improving-Your-Health/dp/1526725886 https://books.google.com/books/about/Nuts_and_Seeds_in_Health_and_Disease_Pre.html?id=C6lYoH8rwywC https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780123756886/nuts-and-seeds-in-health-and-disease-prevention https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780128185537/nuts-and-seeds-in-health-and-disease-prevention https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42452-019-1576-z https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10408398.2019.1657062 https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article/73/6/335/1845023 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289036515_Nuts_and_seeds https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-019-0026-9 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/nuts-source-of-energy-and-macronutrients/AAAEDDA038B08C0A00C802F00A7F4171 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1541-4337.12730 https://doi.org/10.1128/9781555818463.ch9 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nut_(fruit) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_breakfast_cereals https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2016.00032/full https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa130735 https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/nuts-and-seeds https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/nutrition/ask-the-expert/nuts-as-a-healthy-snack https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/guide/health-benefits-nuts https://www.olivemagazine.com/recipes/vegetarian/sticky-miso-nuts-and-seeds/ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232710843_Health_Benefits_of_Nut_Consumption https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/sorghum https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_sorghum https://www.britannica.com/plant/sorghum-grain https://www.webmd.com/diet/health-benefits-sorghum https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/food-science/sorghum Show More
Proximity Amount % DV Water 23.81 g N/D Energy 632 Kcal N/D Energy 2644 kJ N/D Protein 20.39 g 40.78% Total Fat (lipid) 6.64 g 18.97% Ash 2.75 g N/D Carbohydrate 138.41 g 106.47% Total dietary Fiber 12.9 g 33.95% Total Sugars 4.86 g N/D Minerals Amount % DV Manganese, Mn 3.082 mg 134.00% Iron, Fe 6.45 mg 80.63% Phosphorus, P 555 mg 79.29% Magnesium, Mg 317 mg 75.48% Copper, Cu 0.545 mg 60.56% Selenium, Se 23.4 µg 42.55% Zinc, Zn 3.21 mg 29.18% Potassium, K 697 mg 14.83% Calcium, Ca 25 mg 2.50% Sodium, Na 4 mg 0.27% Vitamins Amount % DV Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) 0.851 mg 65.46% Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) 0.637 mg 53.08% Vitamin B3 (Niacin) 7.081 mg 44.26% Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) 0.184 mg 14.15% Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid) 0.705 mg 14.10% Vitamin B9 (Folate, Folic acid) 38 µg 9.50% Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) 0.96 mg 6.40% Lipids Amount % DV Fatty acids, total saturated 1.171 g 1.80% Lauric acid (dodecanoic acid) 12:00 0.002 g N/D Myristic acid 14:00(Tetradecanoic acid) 0.004 g N/D pentadecanoic acid (15:00) 0.002 g N/D Palmitic acid 16:00 (Hexadecanoic acid) 1.043 g N/D Margaric acid (heptadecanoic acid) 17:00 0.004 g N/D Stearic acid 18:00 (Octadecanoic acid) 0.01 g N/D Behenic acid (docosanoic acid) 22:00 0.008 g N/D Lignoceric acid (tetracosanoic acid) 24:00 0.015 g N/D Fatty acids, total monounsaturated 2.172 g N/D Palmitoleic acid 16:1 (hexadecenoic acid) 0.031 g N/D 16:1 t 0.004 g N/D Oleic acid 18:1 (octadecenoic acid) 2.114 g N/D Gadoleic acid 20:1 (eicosenoic acid) 0.021 g N/D Nervonic acid (Tetracosenoic acid) 24:1 c 0.006 g N/D Fatty acids, total polyunsaturated 2.991 g 17.59% Linoleic acid 18:2 (octadecadienoic acid) 2.867 g N/D Linolenic acid 18:3 (Octadecatrienoic acid) 0.125 g N/D Fatty acids, total trans 0.01 g N/D Fatty acids, total trans-monoenoic 0.01 g N/D Amino Acids Amount % DV Leucine 2.863 g 77.46% Tryptophan 0.238 g 54.09% Valine 1.077 g 50.99% Isoleucine 0.831 g 49.70% Histidine 0.472 g 38.31% Threonine 0.664 g 37.73% Lysine 0.44 g 13.16% Methionine 0.324 g N/D Cystine 0.244 g N/D Phenylalanine 1.048 g N/D Tyrosine 0.616 g N/D Arginine 0.682 g N/D Alanine 1.983 g N/D Aspartic acid 1.427 g N/D Glutamic acid 4.683 g N/D Glycine 0.664 g N/D Proline 1.636 g N/D Serine 0.887 g N/D Flavoids Amount % DV Proanthocyanidin Proanthocyanidin dimers 69.2 N/D Proanthocyanidin trimers 88.7 N/D Proanthocyanidin 4-6mers 438 N/D Proanthocyanidin 7-10mers 564.1 N/D Proanthocyanidin polymers (>10mers) 2584.9 N/D