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The term “abdominopelvic” refers to the combined region of the abdomen and pelvis. It is often used in medical contexts to describe structures, organs, or conditions that involve both areas. The abdomen refers to the area between the chest and pelvis, containing organs such as the stomach, liver, intestines, and pancreas. The pelvis, located below the abdomen, includes the hip bones, reproductive organs, bladder, and part of the large intestine.

Abdominal Cavity:

Organs: Includes the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, and parts of the small and large intestines (such as the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, and ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon).
Membranes and Structures: Covered by the peritoneum, a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most abdominal organs.

Pelvic Cavity:

Organs: Contains the reproductive organs (uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes in females; prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and parts of the vas deferens in males), urinary bladder, part of the large intestine (rectum), and the internal reproductive organs (in females).
Muscles and Structures: Supported by the pelvic floor muscles, which include the levator ani and coccygeus muscles.
Anatomical Relationships:
- The abdominal and pelvic cavities are continuous with each other.
- They are separated by an imaginary line called the pelvic brim, which is the boundary between the true pelvis (below) and the false pelvis (above).
Functions:
- Protection: The cavities protect the vital organs within them.
- Digestion and Elimination: Organs in these cavities are crucial for digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste.
- Reproductive Function: The pelvic cavity houses reproductive organs essential for reproduction.
Clinical Importance:
- Many vital organs and structures in the abdominopelvic region can be affected by diseases such as cancers, infections, and inflammatory conditions.
- Surgical procedures often involve accessing organs within this region due to its central role in digestion, elimination, and reproduction.

Key Features:

Boundaries: The abdominopelvic cavity is bounded superiorly by the diaphragm and inferiorly by the pelvic floor.
Functions: It houses and protects vital organs involved in digestion, reproduction, and waste elimination.
Vascular and Nervous Supply: Supplied by numerous blood vessels (such as the abdominal aorta and its branches) and innervated by various nerves that control movement and sensation.

Understanding the abdominopelvic anatomy is crucial for medical professionals in diagnosing and treating conditions related to these organs and structures.

Anatomy: Abdominopelvic

skeleton of the abdomen and pelvis
- lumbar spine
- bony pelvis
  - innominate bones
    - pubis
      - pubic symphysis
      - obturator foramen
    - ischium
      - greater sciatic notch
      - lesser sciatic notch
    - ilium
- sacrum
  - sacral hiatus
  - sacrotuberous ligament
  - sacrospinous ligament
  - greater sciatic foramen
  - lesser sciatic foramen
- coccyx
  - anterior angulation of the coccyx
muscles of the abdomen and pelvis
- diaphragm
  - sternocostal triangle
- anterior abdominal wall
  - Scarpa’s fascia
  - muscles
    - external oblique muscle
      - inguinal ligament
      - lacunar ligament
    - internal oblique muscle
      - conjoint tendon
    - transversus abdominis muscle
    - rectus abdominis muscle
      - rectus sheath
      - linea alba
        
        umbilicus
      - arcuate line
      - semilunar line
      - transversalis fascia
    - pyramidalis muscle
  - surface anatomy
- posterior abdominal wall
  - psoas major muscle
  - psoas minor muscle
  - quadratus lumborum muscle
  - iliacus muscle
- pelvic floor
  - levator ani muscle
  - coccygeus muscle
  - piriformis muscle
  - obturator internus muscle
spaces of the abdomen and pelvis
- anterior abdominal wall
  - sternocostal triangle
- posterior abdominal wall
  - superior lumbar triangle
  - inferior lumbar triangle
  - iliopsoas compartment
- abdominal cavity
  - peritoneum
    - peritoneal ligaments
      - left triangular ligament
      - right triangular ligament
      - falciform ligament
        
        umbilical vein
        
        ligamentum teres
        
        veins of Sappey
      - omentum
        
        hepatogastric ligament
      - gastrosplenic ligament
      - splenorenal ligament
    - mesentery
      - small bowel mesentery
        
        root of the mesentery
      - mesoappendix
      - transverse mesocolon
      - sigmoid mesocolon
    - peritoneal spaces
      - supramesocolic space
        
        right supramesocolic space
        
        right subphrenic space
        
        right subhepatic space
        
        anterior right subhepatic space
        
        posterior right subhepatic space (Morison pouch)
        
        lesser sac
        
        epiploic foramen (of Winslow)
        
        left supramesocolic space (left perihepatic space)
        
        left subhepatic space
        
        anterior left subhepatic space
        
        posterior left subhepatic space
        
        left subphrenic space
        
        anterior left subphrenic space
        
        posterior left subphrenic (perisplenic) space
      - inframesocolic space
        
        right inframesocolic space
        
        left inframesocolic space
        
        right paracolic gutter
        
        left paracolic gutter
    - inguinal canal (mnemonic)
    - Hesselbach triangle
    - umbilical folds
      - median umbilical fold
      - medial umbilical folds
      - lateral umbilical folds
  - retroperitoneum
    - perirenal fascia
    - anterior pararenal space
    - perirenal space
      - perinephric bridging septa (of Kunin)
    - posterior pararenal space
      - properitoneal fat
    - great vessel space
    - lateroconal fascia
- pelvic cavity
  - pelvic peritoneal space
    - rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)
    - rectovesical pouch
  - retropubic space (of Retzius)
  - paravesical space
    - lateral fossa
    - supravesical fossa
  - presacral space
  - canal of Nuck
  - pudendal canal
  - obturator canal
- perineum
  - urogenital triangle
    - superficial perineal pouch
    - perineal membrane
    - deep perineal pouch
  - anal triangle
    - transverse perineal muscles
      - deep transverse perineal muscles
      - superficial transverse perineal muscles
  - ischioanal fossa
  - urogenital diaphragm
abdominal and pelvic viscera
- gastrointestinal tract
  - esophagus
    - phrenic ampulla
  - gastro-esophageal junction
    - Z line
  - stomach
    - rugal folds
  - small intestine
    - duodenum
      - Brunner gland
    - duodenojejunal flexure
    - jejunum
    - ileum
      - Meckel diverticulum
      - ileocecal valve
    - jejunum vs ileum
    - valvulae conniventes
  - large intestine
    - cecum
      - appendix
        
        duplex appendix
    - colon
      - ascending colon
      - right colic flexure
      - transverse colon
      - left colic flexure
      - descending colon
        
        loop-to-loop colon
      - sigmoid colon
    - rectum
      - mesorectal fascia
    - appendix epiploica
    - haustral folds
    - taeniae coli
  - anal canal
    - anal sphincters
- spleen
  - variants
    - splenunculus
    - wandering spleen
    - asplenia
    - polysplenia
    - splenogonadal fusion
    - retrorenal spleen
- hepatobiliary system
  - liver
    - beaver tail liver
    - ductus venosus
      - ligamentum venosum
    - porta hepatis
    - Riedel lobe
    - segmental liver anatomy (mnemonic)
    - supradiaphragmatic liver
  - biliary tree
    - common hepatic duct
    - cystic duct
    - common bile duct
      - ampulla of Vater
      - sphincter of Oddi
    - subvesical bile ducts
  - gallbladder
    - accessory gallbladder
      - gallbladder duplication
      - gallbladder triplication
    - gallbladder agenesis
    - Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses
    - Phrygian cap
    - septate gallbladder
- endocrine system
  - adrenal gland
    - adrenal vessels
      - adrenal arteries
      - adrenal veins
    - chromaffin cells
    - variants
      - horseshoe adrenal gland
  - pancreas
    - pancreatic ducts
      - pancreatic duct diameter
      - variants
        
        pancreas divisum
        
        meandering main pancreatic duct
        
        ansa pancreatica
        
        anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction
    - variants
      - ectopic pancreatic tissue
      - annular pancreas
  - organs of Zuckerkandl
- urinary system
  - kidney
    - renal pelvis
      - extrarenal pelvis
    - renal sinus
    - avascular plane of Brodel
    - variants
      - number
        
        renal agenesis
        
        supernumerary kidney
      - fusion
        
        horseshoe kidney
        
        sigmoid kidney
        
        crossed fused renal ectopia
        
        junctional parenchymal defect
        
        pancake kidney
      - location
        
        ectopic kidney
        
        pelvic kidney
        
        fused pelvic kidney
        
        intrathoracic kidney
        
        crossed renal ectopia
        
        abnormal renal rotation
        
        nephroptosis
      - shape
        
        persistent fetal lobulation
        
        hypertrophied column of Bertin
        
        renal hilar lip
        
        dromedary hump
        
        faceless kidney
  - ureter
    - variants
      - ectopic ureter
      - duplex collecting system
        
        Weigert-Meyer law
        
        bifid ureter
        
        ureteral duplication
      - retrocaval ureter
      - ureterocele
  - urinary bladder
    - detrusor
    - bladder neuroanatomy (micturition)
  - urethra
    - fossa navicularis
    - male urethra
      - verumontanum
      - prostatic utricle
      - musculus compressor nuda
    - female urethra
      - paraurethral glands
        
        paraurethral ducts
  - embryology
    - metanephric blastema
    - ureteric bud
    - Wolffian duct
- male reproductive system
  - prostate
  - seminal vesicles
  - ejaculatory duct
  - bulbourethral glands
  - urethral glands of Littré
  - spermatic cord (mnemonic)
    - ductus deferens
    - cremaster muscle
  - scrotum (mnemonic)
    - dartos muscle
    - epididymis
    - testes
      - descent
      - tunica vaginalis
      - tunica albuginea
      - testicular appendages
        
        appendix of the testis
        
        appendix of the epididymis
      - polyorchidism
        
        bilobed testis
  - penis
- female reproductive system
  - vulva
    - mons pubis
    - labia majora
    - labia minora
    - clitoris
      - bulbs of the vestibule
    - vestibule of the vulva
    - vaginal opening
      - hymen
    - Bartholin glands
  - vagina
    - fornix
  - uterus
    - cervix
      - parametrium
    - chorion
      - amnion
    - endometrium
    - placenta
      - basal plate
      - chorionic plate
      - variation in morphology
      - retroplacental complex
      - umbilical cord
        
        Wharton jelly
  - adnexa
  - Fallopian tubes
  - ovaries
    - ovarian follicle
      - dominant ovarian follicle
      - primary follicle
      - secondary follicle
      - mature vesicular follicle
      - corpus luteum
      - corpus albicans
      - cumulus oophorus
  - broad ligament (mnemonic)
  - variant anatomy
    - retroverted uterus
    - congenital uterovaginal anomalies
      - transverse vaginal septum
      - Mullerian duct anomalies
        
        uterine duplication anomalies
        
        uterus didelphys
        
        bicornuate uterus
        
        septate uterus
        
        uterine agenesis
        
        unicornuate uterus
        
        arcuate uterus
        
        T-shaped uterus
  - embryology
    - Mullerian duct
blood supply of the abdomen and pelvis
- arteries
  - abdominal aorta
    - inferior phrenic artery
      - superior suprarenal artery
    - celiac artery
      - common hepatic artery (variant anatomy)
        
        hepatic artery proper
        
        left hepatic artery
        
        middle hepatic artery
        
        falciform artery
        
        right hepatic artery
        
        cystic artery
        
        gastroduodenal artery
        
        supraduodenal artery
        
        right gastroepiploic artery
        
        superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
        
        right gastric artery
      - left gastric artery
      - splenic artery
        
        left gastroepiploic artery
        
        short gastric arteries
        
        greater pancreatic artery
        
        dorsal pancreatic artery
        
        transverse pancreatic artery
    - superior mesenteric artery
      - inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
      - jejunal and ileal branches
      - ileocolic artery
        
        appendicular artery
        
        accessory appendicular artery
        
        colic branch
      - right colic artery
      - middle colic artery
    - middle suprarenal artery
    - renal artery (variant anatomy)
      - inferior suprarenal artery
    - gonadal artery (ovarian artery | testicular artery)
    - inferior mesenteric artery
      - left colic artery
      - sigmoid arteries
      - superior rectal artery
    - lumbar arteries
    - median sacral artery
    - common iliac artery
      - external iliac artery
        
        inferior epigastric artery
        
        cremasteric artery
        
        deep circumflex artery
      - internal iliac artery (mnemonic)
        
        anterior division
        
        umbilical artery
        
        superior vesical artery
        
        deferential artery
        
        obturator artery
        
        vaginal artery
        
        inferior vesical artery
        
        uterine artery
        
        middle rectal artery
        
        internal pudendal artery
        
        inferior rectal artery
        
        perineal artery
        
        posterior scrotal artery
        
        transverse perineal artery
        
        artery to the bulb
        
        deep artery of the penis/clitoris
        
        dorsal artery of the penis/clitoris
        
        inferior gluteal artery
        
        posterior division (mnemonic)
        
        iliolumbar artery
        
        lateral sacral artery
        
        superior gluteal artery
        
        variant anatomy
        
        persistent sciatic artery
        
        corona mortis
- portal venous system
  - portal vein
    - splenic vein
      - inferior mesenteric vein
    - superior mesenteric vein
    - left gastric vein (coronary vein)
- veins
  - inferior vena cava
    - hepatic veins
      - accessory right inferior hepatic vein
    - renal vein
      - ascending lumbar communicant vein
      - gonadal vein
        
        pampiniform plexus
      - suprarenal vein
      - variant anatomy
        
        retro-aortic left renal vein
        
        double retroaortic left renal vein
        
        circumaortic left renal vein
    - pancreaticoduodenal veins
    - common iliac vein
      - internal iliac vein
        
        internal pudendal vein
        
        obturator vein
        
        prostatic venous plexus
        
        vesical venous plexus
        
        uterine venous plexus
        
        vaginal venous plexus
      - external iliac vein
    - variant caval anatomy
      - absent infrarenal inferior vena cava
      - azygos continuation
      - circumcaval ureter
      - circumaortic venous collar
      - Eustachian valve
      - left-sided IVC
      - IVC duplication
- anastomoses
  - arterioarterial anastomoses
    - arc of Barkow
    - arc of Buhler
    - arc of Riolan
    - marginal artery of Drummond
  - portal-systemic venous collateral pathways
  - watershed areas
    - Griffiths point
    - Sudeck point
lymphatics
- lymph node groups
  - para-aortic lymph nodes
  - preaortic lymph nodes
  - portal and portocaval lymph nodes
  - gastric lymph node stations
  - peripancreatic lymph nodes
  - common iliac lymph nodes
  - external iliac lymph nodes
  - internal iliac lymph nodes
- cisterna chyli
innervation of the abdomen and pelvis
- thoracic splanchnic nerves
- lumbar plexus
  - subcostal nerve
  - Iliohypogastric nerve
  - ilioinguinal nerve
  - genitofemoral nerve
  - lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
  - femoral nerve
  - obturator nerve
  - lumbosacral trunk
- sacral plexus
  - lumbosacral trunk
  - sciatic nerve
  - superior gluteal nerve
  - inferior gluteal nerve
  - nerve to piriformis
  - perforating cutaneous nerve
  - posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
  - parasympathetic pelvic splanchnic nerves
  - pudendal nerve
    - perineal branch
    - inferior rectal nerve
    - dorsal nerve of the penis or clitoris
  - nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus muscles
  - nerve to internal obturator and superior gemellus muscles
- autonomic ganglia and plexuses
  - phrenic plexus
  - celiac plexus
  - hepatic plexus
  - aorticorenal plexus
  - renal plexus
  - superior mesenteric plexus
  - inferior mesenteric plexus
  - superior hypogastric plexus
  - inferior hypogastric plexus
  - ganglion impar

The abdominopelvic region plays crucial roles in digestion, reproduction, and waste elimination. It houses and protects vital organs while allowing for movement, flexibility, and structural support for the body.

Disclaimer: Each person’s journey is unique, treatment plan, life style, food habit, hormonal condition, immune system, chronic disease condition, geological location, weather and previous medical history is also unique. So always seek the best advice from a qualified medical professional or health care provider before trying any treatments to ensure to find out the best plan for you. This guide is for general information and educational purposes only. If you or someone are suffering from this disease condition bookmark this website or share with someone who might find it useful! Boost your knowledge and stay ahead in your health journey. Thank you for giving your valuable time to read the article.

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