A T-cell count (Also called Thymus derived lymphocyte count; T-lymphocyte count; T cell count) measures the number of T cells in the blood. Blood is drawn from a vein (venipuncture), usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. Higher than normal T-cell levels may be due to: Cancer, such as acute lymphocytic leukemia or multiple myeloma. Infections, such as hepatitis or mononucleosis.
When this happens, the helper T cells die. This severely disrupts the immune response. Low levels of helper T cells mean killer T cells and other white blood cells do not receive as much information about pathogens in the body. As a result, disease-causing bacteria and viruses multiply with minimal detection.
A T-cell count measures the number of T cells in the blood. Your doctor may order this test if you have signs of a weak immune system, such as due to having HIV/AIDS.
How the Test is Performed
A blood sample is needed.
How to Prepare for the Test
No special preparation is necessary.
How the Test will Feel
When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or a slight bruise. This soon goes away.
Why the Test is Performed
T cells are a type of lymphocyte. Lymphocytes are white blood cells. They make up part of the immune system. T cells help the body fight diseases or harmful substances, such as bacteria or viruses.
Your health care provider may order this test if you have signs of a weak immune system ( immunodeficiency disorder ). It may also be ordered if you have a disease of the lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are small glands that make white blood cells. The test is also used to monitor how well treatment for these types of diseases is working.
One type of T cell is the CD4 cell, or “helper cell.” People with HIV/AIDS have regular T-cell tests to check their CD4 cell counts. The results help the provider monitor the disease and its treatment.
Normal Results
Normal results vary depending on the type of T-cell tested.
In adults, a normal CD4 cell count ranges from 500 to 1,200 cells/mm 3 .
Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.
What Abnormal Results Mean
Higher than normal T-cell levels may be due to:
- Cancer, such as acute lymphocytic leukemia or multiple myeloma
- Infections, such as hepatitis or mononucleosis
Lower than normal T-cell levels may be due to:
- Acute viral infections
- Aging
- Cancer
- Immune system diseases, such as HIV/AIDS
- Radiation therapy
- Steroid treatment
Risks
Risks associated with having blood drawn are slight:
- Excessive bleeding
- Fainting or feeling lightheaded
- Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
- Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)
- Multiple punctures to locate veins
This test is often performed on people with a weakened immune system. Therefore, the risk for infection may be higher than when blood is drawn from a person with a healthy immune system.
FAQ
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