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Reticulate Hyperpigmentation of Lijima

Dr. Harun Ar Rashid, MD - Arthritis, Bones, Joints Pain, Trauma, and Internal Medicine Specialist Dr. Harun Ar Rashid, MD - Arthritis, Bones, Joints Pain, Trauma, and Internal Medicine Specialist
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Rx Dermatology (A-Z)

Reticulate hyperpigmentation of Iijima is a rare skin condition characterized by a net-like pattern of darker patches on the skin. Now, let’s delve into a comprehensive understanding of this condition.

Definitions:

  • Reticulate: Resembling a net.
  • Hyperpigmentation: Darkening of the skin.

Types:

While reticulate hyperpigmentation itself is rare, different types can be based on the underlying cause, pattern, and associated symptoms.

Causes:

  1. Genetic mutations: Some people inherit genes that make them susceptible.
  2. Hormonal changes: Like during pregnancy.
  3. Medications: Some drugs may cause skin darkening.
  4. Sun exposure: Ultraviolet rays can exacerbate the condition.
  5. Inflammation: After a skin injury or acne.
  6. Endocrine disorders: Conditions that affect hormone production.
  7. Metabolic disorders: Conditions that affect how the body processes nutrients.
  8. Nutritional deficiencies: Like a lack of Vitamin C or B12.
  9. Chemical exposure: Such as with harsh skincare products.
  10. Infections: Certain infections can leave behind dark patches.
  11. Chronic diseases: Like diabetes.
  12. Autoimmune diseases: Where the body attacks its own cells.
  13. Allergies: Reactions to allergens can lead to hyperpigmentation.
  14. Skin friction: Repeated rubbing of the skin.
  15. Aging: The skin changes with age.
  16. Burns: Can leave the skin darkened after healing.
  17. Certain cosmetics: Can cause reactions leading to hyperpigmentation.
  18. Skin treatments: Like chemical peels.
  19. Cancer: Some types can cause skin changes.
  20. Vascular changes: Blood vessel-related causes.

Symptoms:

  1. Dark patches: Net-like dark areas on the skin.
  2. Itchiness: The patches can be itchy.
  3. Skin flaking: Dryness and peeling.
  4. Redness: The skin can become inflamed.
  5. Sensitivity: Skin becomes sensitive to touch or sun.
  6. Texture changes: The skin can become rough.
  7. Swelling: Areas of the skin may puff up.
  8. Blistering: In severe cases.
  9. Pain: Affected areas might be sore.
  10. Scaling: Dry, scaly patches.
  11. Warmth: The skin feels warmer.
  12. Tenderness: Touching can cause discomfort.
  13. Lesions: Open sores.
  14. Folliculitis: Inflammation of hair follicles.
  15. Bluish-gray patches: In some cases.
  16. Lumps: Raised bumps.
  17. Bruising: Easily bruising skin.
  18. Scarring: Permanent marks.
  19. Crusting: Formation of hard layers.
  20. Ulceration: Open, painful sores.

Diagnostic Tests:

  1. Skin biopsy: Taking a skin sample for testing.
  2. Blood tests: To check for underlying diseases.
  3. Patch tests: To find allergic reactions.
  4. Wood’s lamp examination: A special light to inspect skin changes.
  5. Dermatoscopy: A device to closely observe the skin.
  6. Skin cultures: To test for infections.
  7. Histopathology: Study of the skin tissue.
  8. Imaging: Like an MRI, for deep inflammations.
  9. Molecular testing: For genetic causes.
  10. Hormonal level checks: Blood tests for hormones.
  11. Allergy testing: Identifying allergens.
  12. Autoantibody tests: For autoimmune diseases.
  13. UV light testing: To assess reaction to light.
  14. Photographs: To track progress over time.
  15. Melanin level checks: As it’s responsible for skin color.
  16. Ophthalmological exam: If eyes are affected.
  17. Fungal tests: To check for fungal infections.
  18. Viral tests: For viral causes.
  19. Bacterial tests: To detect bacterial infections.
  20. Endocrine tests: For gland-related issues.

Treatments:

  1. Topical steroids: Creams to reduce inflammation.
  2. Moisturizers: To hydrate the skin.
  3. Sunscreen: Protect from UV rays.
  4. Laser therapy: To target and remove dark patches.
  5. Chemical peels: Remove the top layer of skin.
  6. Microdermabrasion: Exfoliating the skin.
  7. Lightening agents: Creams to reduce melanin.
  8. Antifungal creams: For fungal causes.
  9. Antibiotics: For bacterial infections.
  10. Vitamin C serums: To brighten the skin.
  11. Retinoids: Vitamin A derivatives for skin repair.
  12. Therapeutic shampoos: For scalp issues.
  13. Cryotherapy: Freezing the affected areas.
  14. Oral medications: For underlying diseases.
  15. Dietary changes: Nutritional interventions.
  16. UV therapy: Controlled UV exposure.
  17. Oral antihistamines: For allergies.
  18. Avoidance of allergens: If allergies are a cause.
  19. Antioxidant treatments: To protect the skin.
  20. Surgery: In extreme cases.
  21. Counseling: For emotional support.
  22. Physical barriers: Clothing, hats, etc.
  23. Avoidance of irritants: Avoiding harsh chemicals.
  24. Ointments: For symptom relief.
  25. Oral steroids: For severe inflammation.
  26. Immunosuppressants: For autoimmune causes.
  27. Vitamin supplements: For deficiencies.
  28. Anti-viral medications: For viral infections.
  29. Pain relievers: For discomfort.
  30. Hydroquinone: A skin-lightening agent.

Drugs:

  1. Hydrocortisone: A topical steroid.
  2. Kojic acid: Skin-lightening agent.
  3. Tretinoin: A retinoid.
  4. Fluconazole: An antifungal.
  5. Doxycycline: An antibiotic.
  6. Cetirizine: An antihistamine.
  7. Azathioprine: An immunosuppressant.
  8. Paracetamol: Pain relief.
  9. Miconazole: Antifungal cream.
  10. Clotrimazole: Antifungal cream.
  11. Glycolic acid: For chemical peels.
  12. Tacrolimus: For inflammation.
  13. Adapalene: A topical retinoid.
  14. Calcineurin inhibitors: Reduce skin inflammation.
  15. Vitamin E cream: For hydration.
  16. Ibuprofen: For pain and inflammation.
  17. Methotrexate: For autoimmune causes.
  18. Acitretin: Treats severe skin disorders.
  19. Hydroquinone: Skin lightener.
  20. Lidocaine: Topical pain relief.

Conclusion:

Reticulate hyperpigmentation of Iijima is a complex condition, but understanding its causes, symptoms, diagnostic methods, treatments, and drugs can provide a solid foundation for addressing it.

 

Disclaimer: Each person’s journey is unique, always seek the advice of a medical professional before trying any treatments to ensure to find the best plan for you. This guide is for general information and educational purposes only. If you or someone are suffering from this disease condition bookmark this page or share with someone who might find it useful! Boost your knowledge and stay ahead in your health journey. Thank you for giving your valuable time to read the article.

  1. https://medlineplus.gov/skinconditions.html
  2. https://www.aad.org/about/burden-of-skin-disease
  3. https://www.usa.gov/federal-agencies/national-institute-of-arthritis-musculoskeletal-and-skin-diseases
  4. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/skin/default.html
  5. https://www.skincancer.org/
  6. https://illnesshacker.com/
  7. https://endinglines.com/
  8. https://www.jaad.org/
  9. https://www.psoriasis.org/about-psoriasis/
  10. https://books.google.com/books?
  11. https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/skin-diseases
  12. https://cms.centerwatch.com/directories/1067-fda-approved-drugs/topic/292-skin-infections-disorders
  13. https://www.fda.gov/files/drugs/published/Acute-Bacterial-Skin-and-Skin-Structure-Infections—Developing-Drugs-for-Treatment.pdf
  14. https://dermnetnz.org/topics
  15. https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/skin-allergy
  16. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/occupational-skin-disease
  17. https://aafa.org/allergies/allergy-symptoms/skin-allergies/
  18. https://www.nibib.nih.gov/
  19. https://rxharun.com/rxharun/rxharun/article-types/skin-care-beauty/skin-diseases-types-symptoms-treatment/
  20. https://www.nei.nih.gov/
  21. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skin_conditions
  22. https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=List_of_skin_diseases&redirect=no
  23. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_condition
  24. https://oxfordtreatment.com/
  25. https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/
  26. https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/w
  27. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health
  28. https://catalog.ninds.nih.gov/
  29. https://www.aarda.org/diseaselist/
  30. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets
  31. https://www.nibib.nih.gov/
  32. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/topics
  33. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/
  34. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics
  35. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/
  36. https://www.niehs.nih.gov
  37. https://www.nimhd.nih.gov/
  38. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics
  39. https://obssr.od.nih.gov/
  40. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics
  41. https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases
  42. https://beta.rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases
  43. https://orwh.od.nih.gov/

References

 

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