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Persistent Hypoglossal Artery (PHA) Disease

June 22, 2024
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Persistent Hypoglossal Artery (PHA) Disease is a rare congenital condition where a fetal blood vessel, known as the hypoglossal artery, fails to close properly after birth. Normally, this artery is supposed to shrink and disappear during fetal development as other blood vessels take over its function. When it persists, it can lead to various health issues.

Types of Persistent Hypoglossal Artery (PHA) Disease

There are different types of PHA Disease based on how the artery persists and its impact on surrounding structures. The types include:

  1. Type 1: The artery persists and remains connected to the internal carotid artery.
  2. Type 2: The artery persists and is connected to the external carotid artery.
  3. Type 3: The artery persists but has an abnormal connection.

These types determine the specific symptoms and complications a person may experience.

Causes of Persistent Hypoglossal Artery (PHA) Disease

The exact cause of PHA Disease isn’t fully understood, but it is generally believed to be a result of abnormal fetal development where the hypoglossal artery fails to close properly.

Symptoms of Persistent Hypoglossal Artery (PHA) Disease

Symptoms of PHA Disease can vary widely depending on the type and how the persistent artery affects nearby structures. Common symptoms include:

  1. Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
  2. Speech difficulties
  3. Hoarseness
  4. Neck pain or discomfort
  5. Feeling a pulsating sensation in the neck
  6. Rarely, neurological deficits like weakness or numbness

Diagnostic Tests for Persistent Hypoglossal Artery (PHA) Disease

Doctors may use several diagnostic tests to identify PHA Disease and assess its impact:

  1. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): To visualize the arteries and surrounding structures.
  2. CT Angiography: Provides detailed images of blood vessels using computed tomography.
  3. Ultrasound: To detect blood flow through the arteries.
  4. Angiography: Invasive procedure where contrast dye is injected to visualize blood vessels in detail.

These tests help doctors confirm the presence of PHA Disease and plan treatment accordingly.

Non-Pharmacological Treatments for Persistent Hypoglossal Artery (PHA) Disease

Treatment for PHA Disease often focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. Non-pharmacological treatments include:

  1. Speech Therapy: Helps improve speech and swallowing abilities.
  2. Dietary Changes: Adjustments to diet to make swallowing easier.
  3. Positioning Techniques: Techniques to reduce discomfort or improve swallowing.
  4. Monitoring and Observation: Regular check-ups to monitor the condition’s progression.

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Persistent Hypoglossal Artery (PHA) Disease

There are no specific drugs to treat PHA Disease directly, but medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms like pain or discomfort.

Surgeries for Persistent Hypoglossal Artery (PHA) Disease

In severe cases or when complications arise, surgical intervention may be necessary:

  1. Artery Embolization: Procedure to block off the persistent artery.
  2. Revascularization Surgery: Rarely performed to reroute blood flow.
  3. Symptomatic Treatment: Surgery to relieve pressure or correct structural abnormalities caused by the persistent artery.

Prevention of Persistent Hypoglossal Artery (PHA) Disease

Since PHA Disease is congenital, there are no specific prevention methods known. Early detection and appropriate management can help prevent complications.

When to See a Doctor

It’s important to consult a doctor if you experience:

  • Persistent difficulty swallowing or speaking
  • Unexplained neck pain or discomfort
  • Any unusual sensations in the neck area
  • Changes in voice quality or persistent hoarseness

Early diagnosis and management can improve outcomes and quality of life.

 

Disclaimer: Each person’s journey is unique, treatment plan, life style, food habit, hormonal condition, immune system, chronic disease condition, geological location, weather and previous medical  history is also unique. So always seek the best advice from a qualified medical professional or health care provider before trying any treatments to ensure to find out the best plan for you. This guide is for general information and educational purposes only. If you or someone are suffering from this disease condition bookmark this website or share with someone who might find it useful! Boost your knowledge and stay ahead in your health journey. Thank you for giving your valuable time to read the article.

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References

 

Dr. Harun
Dr. Harun

Dr. Md. Harun Ar Rashid, MPH, MD, PhD, is a highly respected medical specialist celebrated for his exceptional clinical expertise and unwavering commitment to patient care. With advanced qualifications including MPH, MD, and PhD, he integrates cutting-edge research with a compassionate approach to medicine, ensuring that every patient receives personalized and effective treatment. His extensive training and hands-on experience enable him to diagnose complex conditions accurately and develop innovative treatment strategies tailored to individual needs. In addition to his clinical practice, Dr. Harun Ar Rashid is dedicated to medical education and research, writing and inventory creative thinking, innovative idea, critical care managementing make in his community to outreach, often participating in initiatives that promote health awareness and advance medical knowledge. His career is a testament to the high standards represented by his credentials, and he continues to contribute significantly to his field, driving improvements in both patient outcomes and healthcare practices.

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