Mechanism of Action of FlucloxacillinIndications of FlucloxacillinContra Indications of FlucloxacillinDosage of FlucloxacillinSide Effects of FlucloxacillinDrug Interactions of FlucloxacillinPregnancy & Lactation of FlucloxacillinFlucloxacillin is a narrow-spectrum, semisynthetic isoxazolyl penicillin with antibacterial activity. Floxacillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis and results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall, eventually causing cell lysis.Flucloxacillin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antibiotic analog of cloxacillin. By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, flucloxacillin inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that flucloxacillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor.Flucloxacillin (INN) or floxacillin is a narrow-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class. It is used to treat infections caused by susceptible Gram-positive bacteria.Flucloxacillin is a narrow-spectrum, semisynthetic isoxazolyl penicillin with antibacterial activity. Floxacillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis and results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall, eventually causing cell lysis.Mechanism of Action of FlucloxacillinFlucloxacillin is a penicillin beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms. The name “penicillin” can either refer to several variants of penicillin available, or to the group of antibiotics derived from the penicillins. Flucloxacillin has in vitro activity against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The bactericidal activity of Flucloxacillin results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis and is mediated through flucloxacillin binding to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). Flucloxacillin is stable against hydrolysis by a variety of beta-lactamases, including penicillinases, and cephalosporinases and extended spectrum beta-lactamases.By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, flucloxacillin inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that flucloxacillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor.OrBy binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, flucloxacillin inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that flucloxacillininterferes with an autolysin inhibitor.Indications of FlucloxacillinIt is most commonly used to treat infections.Chest, ear, nose and throat (e.g. tonsillitis, sinusitis, pneumonia)Skin and soft tissue (e.g. boils, burns, wounds, abscesses, infected eczema, infected acne)Staphylococcal skin infections and cellulitis – including impetigo, otitis externa, folliculitis, boils, carbuncles, and mastitisPneumonia Osteomyelitis, septic arthritisSepticaemiaEmpirical treatment for endocarditisSurgical prophylaxisOther infections including those of the heart (endocarditis), bones and joints (osteomyelitis), membranes of the brain (meningitis), guts (enteritis), blood (septicaemia), and the kidney, bladder or urethraLung abscessEmpyemaRespiratory tract infections:OsteomyelitisEnteritisEndocarditisSepticaemiaMeningitisUrinary tract infectionUsed to treat bacterial infection by susceptible microorganisms.Other infections caused by flucloxacillin-sensitive organismsContra Indications of FlucloxacillinHistory of severe hypersensitivity (e.g. anaphylactic reaction) to any other type of betalactam antibacterial agent (penicillins, monobactams and carbapenems).Hemolytic anemiaLiver problemsInterstitial nephritisSubacute cutaneous lupus erythematosusSystemic lupus erythematosususe should be avoided in pregnant or lactating women, and in children with developing teeth because they may result in permanent staining (dark yellow-gray teeth with a darker horizontal band that goes across the top and bottom rows of teeth), and possibly affect the growth of teeth and bones.Dosage of FlucloxacillinStrengths: 125 mg; 200 mg; 250 mg ;400 mg;500 mg, 875 mg 125 mg/5 mL; 50 mg/mL; 250 mg/5 mL; ; 200 mg/5 mL; 400 mg/5 mL; 600 mg;Bacterial EndocarditisAmerican Heart Association (AHA) recommendationsImmediate-release: 2 g orally as a single dose 30 to 60 minutes prior to procedureHelicobacter pylori InfectionImmediate-releaseDual Therapy: 1 g orally every 8 hours for 14 days in combination with lansoprazoleTriple Therapy: 1 g orally every 12 hours for 14 days in combination with clarithromycin and lansoprazolePneumoniaImmediate-releaseMild, moderate, or severe infection: 500 mg orally every 8 hours or 875 mg every 12 hoursIDSA and American Thoracic Society (ATS) recommendations, PneumoniaImmediate-release: 1 g orally 3 times a dayBronchitisImmediate-releaseMild, moderate, or severe infection: 500 mg orally every 8 hours or 875 mg every 12 hoursSinusitisImmediate-releaseMild to moderate infection: 250 mg orally every 8 hours or 500 mg every 12 hoursSevere infection: 500 mg orally every 8 hours or 875 mg every 12 hoursUrinary Tract InfectionImmediate-releaseMild to moderate infection: 250 mg orally every 8 hours or 500 mg every 12 hoursSevere infection: 500 mg orally every 8 hours or 875 mg every 12 hoursTonsillitis/PharyngitisExtended-release775 mg orally once a day within 1 hour after a meal for 10 daysIDSA recommendationsImmediate-release: 1000 mg orally once a day or 500 mg orally twice a daySkin and Structure InfectionImmediate-releaseMild to moderate infection: 250 mg orally every 8 hours or 500 mg every 12 hoursSevere infection: 500 mg orally every 8 hours or 875 mg every 12 hoursIDSA recommendationsImmediate-release: 500 mg orally 3 times a day for 7 to 10 daysPediatric SinusitisImmediate-Release Formulations ,Mild, Moderate, or Severe Infection3 months or younger: Up to 30 mg/kg/day orally in divided doses every 12 hoursImmediate-Release Formulations, Mild to Moderate Infection ,4 months or olderLess than 40 kg: 20 mg/kg/day orally in divided doses every 8 hours or 25 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 12 hoursAt least 40 kg: 250 mg orally every 8 hours or 500 mg every 12 hoursSevere Infection, 4 months or olderLess than 40 kg: 40 mg/kg/day orally in divided doses every 8 hours or 45 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 12 hoursAt least 40 kg: 500 mg orally every 8 hours or 875 mg every 12 hoursSkin or Soft Tissue InfectionImmediate-Release Formulations , Mild, Moderate, or Severe Infection 3 months or younger: Up to 30 mg/kg/day orally in divided doses every 12 hoursImmediate-Release Formulations,Mild to Moderate Infection ,4 months or olderLess than 40 kg: 20 mg/kg/day orally in divided doses every 8 hours or 25 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 12 hoursAt least 40 kg: 250 mg orally every 8 hours or 500 mg every 12 hoursSevere Infection, 4 months or olderLess than 40 kg: 40 mg/kg/day orally in divided doses every 8 hours or 45 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 12 hoursAt least 40 kg: 500 mg orally every 8 hours or 875 mg every 12 hoursUrinary Tract InfectionImmediate-Release Formulations, Mild, Moderate, or Severe Infection3 months or younger: Up to 30 mg/kg/day orally in divided doses every 12 hoursSide Effects of FlucloxacillinThe most common side effects allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongueleukopenia/leukemiahemolytic anemiaagranulocytosispain, swelling, irritation where injectedAbdominal painsweatingskin color change, mild diarrheamild nausealoss of appetitevaginal discharge and itchingswelling of feet or legschest painconstipationcoughdiarrhea or loose stoolsdifficulty with breathingdizzinessheartburnMore commonAbdominal or stomach pain, discomfort, or tendernesschills or feverheadache, severe and throbbingjoint or back painmuscle aching or crampingmuscle pains or stiffnesschest pressure or squeezing pain in chestexcessive sweatingfeeling of heaviness, pain, warmth and/or swelling in a leg or in the pelvissudden tingling or coldness in an arm or legsudden slow or difficult speechsudden drowsiness or need to sleepfast breathingsharp pain when taking a deep breathfast or slow heartbeatcoughing up blooddecreased amount of urineRareAnxietychange in visionseizurestremorsweight losschest pain or tightnessconfusioncoughAgitationblurred visionchest pain or discomfortconvulsionsextra heartbeatshallucinationsheadacheirritabilitylightheadednessmood or mental changesmuscle pain or crampsDrug Interactions of FlucloxacillinFlucloxacillin may interact with following drugs, supplements, & may change the efficacy of drugsantacids that contain aluminum, calcium, or magnesiumbirth control medicationsbismuth subsalicylatecalcium supplementsdigoxinRosuvastatinDuloxetineAlbuterolTopiramateCarbamazepineVitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)AlprazolamCetirizineinsuliniron supplementspenicillinvitamin A derivatives (e.g. isotretinoin)warfarinzinc sulfate or gluconatePregnancy & Lactation of FlucloxacillinFDA Pregnancy Category BPregnancyAnimal studies with flucloxacillin have shown no teratogenic effects. The product has been in clinical use since 1970 and the limited number of reported cases of use in human pregnancy have shown no evidence of untoward effects. The decision to administer any drug during pregnancy should be taken with the utmost care. Therefore flucloxacillin should only be used in pregnancy when the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks associated with treatment.LactationTrace quantities of flucloxacillin can be detected in breast milk. The possibility of hypersensitivity reactions must be considered in breastfeeding infants. Therefore flucloxacillin should only be administered to a breastfeeding mother when the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks associated with the treatment.ReferencesShow MoreDrugBankhttp://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00301 http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00301#targets http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00301#enzymeshttps://www.drugs.com/mmx/flucloxacillin.htmlEPA DSStoxhttps://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/dsstoxdb/results?search=DTXSID8023056European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.015.844 https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/cl-inventory-database/-/discli/details/54229Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0014446ClinicalTrials.govhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/NCIthttps://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C80591FDA/SPL Indexing Datahttps://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/DataStandards/SubstanceRegistrationSystem-UniqueIngredientIdentifierUNII/SpectraBasehttps://spectrabase.com/compound/45iRUYqEBCc#CHlmt6VExBtSpringer NatureRead more …WHO ATChttps://www.whocc.no/atc/https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flucloxacillinhttps://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27114512https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov SaveSavedRemoved 0 PreviousAnorexia Cachexia Syndrome; Symptom, Diagnosis, Treatment NextAmoxicillin, Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Pregnancy Related ArticlesAdded to wishlistRemoved from wishlist 0 Vasodilator DrugsAdded to wishlistRemoved from wishlist 0 Methamphetamine Hydrochloride – Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, InteractionAdded to wishlistRemoved from wishlist 0 Methamphetamine – Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, InteractionsAdded to wishlistRemoved from wishlist 0 Vitamin D3 – Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions
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