RxHarun

Cervical Nerve Root Compression

Dr. Lisa S. Apfel MD - Spine and Neurosurgery Dr. Lisa S. Apfel MD - Spine and Neurosurgery
3 Views
Degenerative Bones, Joints, and Spine Care (A - Z)

Cervical inferiorly migrated nerve root compression is a form of cervical radiculopathy where a piece of disc material (a sequestered fragment) moves downward (inferiorly) from its original level and presses on a cervical nerve root one level below. This can lead to neck pain, arm pain, numbness, and weakness along the path of the affected nerve. Most cases arise from degenerative changes in the cervical spine and often improve with time and conservative care, but some require more advanced treatments. SpringerOpenSpine-health

Anatomy

Cervical nerve roots are the very beginnings of the nerves that carry messages between your spinal cord and the rest of your body. They:

  • Originate as small bundles of rootlets on the spinal cord at levels C1 through C8.

  • Exit the spinal canal through openings called intervertebral foramina at each level of the neck.

  • Merge dorsal (sensory) and ventral (motor) rootlets into a single spinal nerve right outside the foramen Spine-healthNCBI.

  • Receive blood from segmental radicular arteries branching off the vertebral and ascending cervical arteries, plus tiny vessels (vasa nervorum) within their coverings NCBI.

  • Carry both sensory fibers (for touch, pain, temperature, joint position) and motor fibers (to control muscles), as well as some autonomic fibers that help regulate blood flow and glands Spine-healthTeachMeAnatomy.

Key Functions

  1. Sensory Transmission: Carries touch, pain, temperature signals from skin and deeper tissues.

  2. Motor Control: Sends commands for voluntary muscle movement, e.g., shoulder elevation or elbow flexion.

  3. Proprioception: Relays information about joint and muscle position for balance and coordination.

  4. Autonomic Regulation: Influences blood vessel dilation and gland secretions in the head, neck, and upper limbs.

  5. Reflex Arcs: Participates in quick, automatic responses such as the biceps and triceps reflexes.

  6. Pain Perception: Transmits nociceptive (pain) signals when irritated or compressed Spine-healthNCBI.

Types of Cervical Nerve Root Compression

  1. Protrusion: Disc bulge without annular tear, causing mild compression.

  2. Extrusion: Inner disc material pushes through a tear in the annulus fibrosus.

  3. Sequestration (Free Fragment): A fragment breaks away and may migrate upward or downward Radsource.

  4. Subligamentous Sequestration: Disc material moves under the posterior longitudinal ligament.

  5. Transligamentous Sequestration: Disc material breaches the posterior longitudinal ligament entirely.

  6. Central vs. Paracentral vs. Foraminal vs. Extraforaminal: Based on where the disc fragment presses—center, just off-center, within the foramen, or beyond it.

  7. Inferiorly Migrated Herniation: The fragment shifts downward, pressing on the nerve root below its original disc level.

Causes

  1. Age-Related Degeneration: Disc wear and tear over time weaken its structure.

  2. Annular Tear: A small tear in the disc’s outer ring lets inner gel escape.

  3. Osteoarthritis (Spondylosis): Bone spurs narrow foramina.

  4. Facet Joint Hypertrophy: Enlarged joints pinch nerve roots.

  5. Ligamentum Flavum Thickening: Ligament bulges into the canal or foramen.

  6. Poor Posture: Constant forward head position adds stress.

  7. Repetitive Neck Movements: Overuse injuries in certain jobs or sports.

  8. Heavy Lifting: Sudden load can force disc material out.

  9. Trauma: Car accidents or falls can tear discs or spur bone fragments.

  10. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Inflammation erodes joints and ligaments.

  11. Synovial Cysts: Fluid-filled sacs in facet joints compress roots.

  12. Epidural Lipomatosis: Excess fat in the epidural space narrows the canal.

  13. Tumors: Rare growths within or next to nerve roots.

  14. Infections: Abscesses or discitis can press on roots.

  15. Iatrogenic Causes: Scar tissue from surgery (post-laminectomy syndrome).

  16. Disc Calcification: Hardening of disc material reduces flexibility.

  17. Metabolic Disorders: Conditions like diabetes may predispose to nerve injury.

  18. Chemical Radiculitis: Inflammatory chemicals from disc material irritate roots.

  19. Congenital Stenosis: Born with a narrow spinal canal or foramina.

  20. Obesity: Extra weight increases mechanical stress on the neck Medscape.

Symptoms

  1. Neck Pain: Often sharp or aching at the affected level.

  2. Radiating Arm Pain: Follows the path of the compressed nerve.

  3. Numbness: “Pins and needles” in shoulder, arm, or hand.

  4. Tingling: Prickling sensation in the fingers.

  5. Muscle Weakness: Difficulty lifting the arm or gripping objects.

  6. Reflex Changes: Reduced biceps or triceps reflex.

  7. Headaches: Referred pain from upper cervical roots.

  8. Shoulder Blade Pain: Deep ache between shoulder blades.

  9. Loss of Fine Motor Skills: Trouble with buttons or writing.

  10. Muscle Atrophy: Wasting of arm muscles in chronic cases.

  11. Pain with Neck Movement: Worse when looking up, down, or to the side.

  12. Sensory Loss: Decreased touch or temperature sensation.

  13. Balance Issues: Rare, from proprioceptive disruption.

  14. Autonomic Symptoms: Coldness or color changes in the arm.

  15. Sleep Disturbance: Pain that wakes you at night.

  16. Shoulder Weakness: Trouble lifting your shoulder.

  17. Grip Weakness: Slipping or dropping objects.

  18. Spasms: Involuntary muscle contractions in neck or arm.

  19. Throbbing Pain: Pulsing discomfort in the upper limb.

  20. Activity-Related Pain: Flare-ups with prolonged sitting or driving Spine-health.

Diagnostic Tests

  1. Medical History & Exam: Key first step—pinpoints the level and nature of compression.

  2. Spurling’s Test: Turning head toward the painful side with downward pressure may reproduce symptoms.

  3. Cervical Distraction Test: Lifting the head gently relieves pain if nerve root is compressed.

  4. Shoulder Abduction Test: Lifting the hand to the head may ease symptoms.

  5. Upper Limb Tension Test: Stretches nerve roots to check for symptom reproduction.

  6. Range of Motion (ROM): Measures neck flexion, extension, rotation, and side bending.

  7. Muscle Strength Testing: Grades weakness in key muscles such as biceps (C5-6) and triceps (C7).

  8. Reflex Testing: Biceps (C5/6), brachioradialis (C6), triceps (C7).

  9. Sensory Exam: Maps areas of numbness or tingling.

  10. X-rays: Show alignment, degenerative changes, and osteophytes.

  11. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Gold standard for soft tissue, disc herniation, fragment location.

  12. CT Scan: Excellent for bony details and surgical planning.

  13. CT Myelography: Dye is injected for better nerve root visualization when MRI is contraindicated.

  14. EMG (Electromyography): Assesses electrical activity of muscles to confirm root involvement.

  15. NCV (Nerve Conduction Velocity): Measures speed of impulses along the nerve.

  16. Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SSEP): Tests nerve pathways’ function.

  17. Selective Nerve Root Block: Injecting local anesthetic around a root to identify the pain source.

  18. Discography: Dye injection into a disc to reproduce pain and identify symptomatic level.

  19. Ultrasound: May visualize superficial nerve and muscle pathology.

  20. Blood Tests: ESR/CRP to rule out infection or inflammatory disease KenhubSurgical Neurology International.

Non-Pharmacological Treatments

  1. Physical Therapy: Customized exercises to strengthen neck and shoulder muscles.

  2. Cervical Traction: Gently pulls vertebrae apart to relieve pressure.

  3. Heat Therapy: Warm packs relax tight muscles.

  4. Cold Packs: Reduce inflammation and numb pain.

  5. TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation): Electrical pulses block pain signals.

  6. Ultrasound Therapy: Deep heat to promote tissue healing.

  7. Laser Therapy: Low-level laser to reduce inflammation.

  8. Acupuncture: Needle therapy to stimulate pain relief pathways.

  9. Massage Therapy: Loosens tight muscles and improves blood flow.

  10. Chiropractic Adjustment: Gentle spinal manipulations to improve alignment.

  11. Yoga: Stretching and strengthening in a controlled flow.

  12. Pilates: Core stabilization exercises to support the neck.

  13. Tai Chi: Slow, deliberate movements to improve posture and balance.

  14. Posture Training: Ergonomic education for sitting, standing, and sleeping.

  15. Ergonomic Workstation: Proper desk and chair setup to reduce neck strain.

  16. Soft Cervical Collar: Short-term support to limit painful motion.

  17. Aquatic Therapy: Water-based exercises that unload the spine.

  18. Biofeedback: Teaches you to control muscle tension.

  19. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Addresses pain-related thoughts and behaviors.

  20. Mindfulness Meditation: Reduces pain perception by calming the nervous system.

  21. Stress Management: Techniques to lower overall muscle tension.

  22. Sleep Hygiene: Pillows and mattresses that support neutral spine alignment.

  23. Feldenkrais Method: Gentle movement lessons to re-educate body patterns.

  24. Alexander Technique: Improves posture and movement habits.

  25. Dry Needling: Targets trigger points in tight muscles.

  26. Cupping Therapy: Suction on skin to increase local blood flow.

  27. Kinesio Taping: Tape application to support muscles and joints.

  28. Functional Rehabilitation: Task-specific training for work or sports.

  29. Education Programs: Teaching safe body mechanics and pacing activities.

  30. Home Exercise Program: Simple daily stretches and strengthening PhysiopediaSurgical Neurology International.

Drugs

  1. Acetaminophen: Mild pain relief, safe for most people.

  2. Ibuprofen: NSAID that reduces pain and inflammation.

  3. Naproxen: Longer-acting NSAID for moderate pain.

  4. Diclofenac: Topical gel or oral form for localized relief.

  5. Celecoxib: COX-2 inhibitor with lower stomach upset risk.

  6. Meloxicam: Once-daily NSAID option.

  7. Indomethacin: Potent NSAID for severe inflammation.

  8. Cyclobenzaprine: Muscle relaxant for spasms.

  9. Tizanidine: Short-acting muscle relaxant.

  10. Gabapentin: For nerve pain and tingling.

  11. Pregabalin: Similar to gabapentin, fewer side effects.

  12. Amitriptyline: Low-dose tricyclic antidepressant for neuropathic pain.

  13. Duloxetine: SNRI antidepressant that also eases chronic pain.

  14. Carbamazepine: Anticonvulsant for sharp, shooting pains.

  15. Tramadol: Weak opioid for moderate pain.

  16. Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen: Short-term opioid combination.

  17. Lidocaine Patch: Local anesthetic applied over painful area.

  18. Oral Prednisone: Short-course steroid to reduce severe inflammation.

  19. Methylprednisolone Dose Pack: Tapered oral steroid regimen.

  20. Botulinum Toxin Injections: For refractory muscle spasm and pain Medscape.

Surgeries

  1. Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF): Removes herniated disc, fuses vertebrae.

  2. Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy: Opens the foramen from the back to relieve compression.

  3. Posterior Cervical Laminectomy and Fusion: Removes laminae and fuses levels for broad decompression.

  4. Posterior Cervical Laminoplasty: Re-contours lamina to enlarge the canal without fusion.

  5. Cervical Artificial Disc Replacement: Disc removal with an artificial implant to preserve motion.

  6. Microdiscectomy: Minimally invasive disc removal under magnification.

  7. Endoscopic Cervical Discectomy: Key-hole removal of herniated fragments Surgical Neurology InternationalSurgical Neurology International.

  8. Transcorporeal Foraminotomy: Tunnel through vertebral body to reach the fragment.

  9. Corpectomy: Removes a vertebral body and adjacent discs for extensive stenosis.

  10. Combined Anterior/Posterior Approaches: For complex or multi-level compression PMC.

Prevention Strategies

  1. Ergonomic Workstation: Keep monitor at eye level and shoulders relaxed.

  2. Neutral Spine Posture: Avoid forward head tilt when sitting or using mobile devices.

  3. Regular Movement Breaks: Stand and stretch every 30–60 minutes.

  4. Safe Lifting Techniques: Bend at hips and knees, not at the waist or neck.

  5. Core Strengthening: A strong core helps support the cervical spine.

  6. Neck Stretches: Gentle daily stretches to maintain flexibility.

  7. Weight Management: Healthy body weight reduces spinal load.

  8. Quit Smoking: Improves disc nutrition and healing.

  9. Quality Pillow: Use one that keeps neck aligned with the spine.

  10. Stress Reduction: Lower muscle tension through relaxation techniques.

When to See a Doctor

  • Severe or worsening pain that limits daily activities

  • Progressive muscle weakness in the arm or hand

  • Loss of bladder or bowel control (rare but urgent)

  • Persistent numbness or tingling despite rest

  • Sudden onset of symptoms after trauma

  • Signs of infection (fever, chills) Spine-health

Frequently Asked Questions

  1. What exactly is an inferiorly migrated disc fragment?
    A free piece of disc that has broken off and moved upward or downward, in this case down, pressing on a nerve Radsource.

  2. How common is cervical nerve root compression?
    It affects about 3–5 per 1,000 adults each year, most often between ages 40–60 Spine-health.

  3. Can it get better on its own?
    Yes—over 80% of cases improve within 4–6 weeks with conservative care Spine-health.

  4. What is the best initial treatment?
    Rest, gentle physical therapy, heat/cold, and NSAIDs are first-line.

  5. Are steroids ever needed?
    A short oral or epidural steroid course may help severe inflammation.

  6. Will I always need surgery?
    No—only about 10–15% of patients require surgery when symptoms are severe or persistent Spine-health.

  7. How long is recovery after surgery?
    Most people return to light activity in 4–6 weeks; full fusion can take 3–6 months.

  8. Can I prevent recurrence?
    Yes—by maintaining good posture, core strength, and ergonomic habits.

  9. Is there a risk of permanent damage?
    Rare—only if compression is severe and long-standing.

  10. What tests confirm the diagnosis?
    MRI is most sensitive; EMG/NCS can confirm nerve involvement.

  11. Can massage or chiropractic help?
    Yes, in many cases—but always consult your doctor first.

  12. Are there alternative therapies?
    Acupuncture, yoga, and Tai Chi can be beneficial.

  13. What if I feel dizzy or have headaches?
    These can accompany upper cervical root issues; mention them to your doctor.

  14. How can I sleep comfortably?
    Use a supportive pillow and avoid stomach sleeping.

  15. When should I get a second opinion?
    If symptoms worsen despite treatment or before major surgery.

Disclaimer: Each person’s journey is unique, treatment plan, life style, food habit, hormonal condition, immune system, chronic disease condition, geological location, weather and previous medical  history is also unique. So always seek the best advice from a qualified medical professional or health care provider before trying any treatments to ensure to find out the best plan for you. This guide is for general information and educational purposes only. Regular check-ups and awareness can help to manage and prevent complications associated with these diseases conditions. If you or someone are suffering from this disease condition bookmark this website or share with someone who might find it useful! Boost your knowledge and stay ahead in your health journey. We always try to ensure that the content is regularly updated to reflect the latest medical research and treatment options. Thank you for giving your valuable time to read the article.

The article is written by Team Rxharun and reviewed by the Rx Editorial Board Members

Last Updated: May 05, 2025.

  1. Spine-nomenclatures-spinal-cord
  2. Neurospine and spinal cord injury[rxharun.com]
  3. Lumbar Disc Herniation and Central Lumbar Spinal Stenosis[rxharun.com]
  4. spinal_anatomy[rxharun.com]
  5. lumbar-spine-anatomy[rxharun.com]
  6. low back pain_pathophysiology_and_mx
  7. daniels-et-al-2018-the-lateral-c1-c2-puncture-indications-technique-and-potential-complications
  8. Thoracic_Spine_Anatomy[rxharun.com]
  9. lumbarstenosis[rxharun.com]
  10. surface anatomy[rxharun.com]
  11. thorax-spine-objectives3[rxharun.com]
  12. Anatomy of spinal blood supply[rxharun.com]
  13. cervicalradiculopathy
  14. backgrounder-Spinal-Function-and-Anatomy-Fact-Sheet[rxharun.com]
  15. amandersson,+17453679309160118[rxharun.com]
  16. VERTEBRAL-CANAL-II[rxharun.com] ,
  17. anatomy_of_the_spinal_cord[rxharun.com]
  18. Vertebrae-General Anatomy[rxharun.com]
  19. Human Anatomy & Physiology[rxharun.com]
  20. Bone_Vertebrae[rxharun.com]
  21. anatomyofvertebralcolumn-170714070023[rxharun.com]
  22. Applied anatomy of the lumbar spine [rxharun.com]
  23. spine THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN[rxharun.com]
  24. Applied anatomy of the cervical spine[rxharun.com]
  25. spine-5-fh-thoracic-spine-anatomy[rxharun.com]
  26. L-Spine_spine_lumbar_anatomy [rxharun.com]
  27. Spine_Program_TMH-Insert-Spinal-Anatomy[rxharun.com]
  28. my-spine-explained[rxharun.com]
  29. Anatomy of the spine [rxharun.com]
  30. algorithm[rxharun.com]
  31. anatomy-and-physiology-of-lumbar-spine-tn6srjc8uq[rxharun.com]
  32. Boose-Degenerative-spondylolisthesis[rxharun.com]
  33. mri-lumbar-spine[rxharun.com][rxharun.com]
  34. Low_Back_Pain_Guidelines___April_2012___JOSPT[rxharun.com]
  35. l-spine-lumbar-spinal-stenosis[rxharun.com]
  36. differentiating-hip-pathology-from-lumbar-spine[rxharun.com]
  37. THEVERTEBRALCOLUMN[rxharun.com]
  38. 1403 room4 thur Holtzhausen – Examination of the lumbosacral spine[rxharun.com]
  39. low_back_pain[rxharun.com]
  40. lumbar-spine-anatomy-diagram[rxharun.com]
  41. Lumbar-Spine-Anatomy-and-Biomechanics[rxharun.com]
  42. McKenzie-Lumbar[rxharun.com]
  43. lhmc-rehab-protocol-post-op-lumbar-spinal-fusion[rxharun.com]
  44. Lumbar Spine[rxharun.com]
  45. post-op-lumbar-fusion[rxharun.com]
  46. Clinical-Biomechanics-of-spine[rxharun.com]
  47. spine2-mb-anatomy-and-biomech-of-the-tls-spine[rxharun.com]
  48. Diagnosis and Treatment of[rxharun.com]
  49. ow-back-pain-exercises[rxharun.com]
  50. Thoracic_Lumbosacral_and_Pelvic_Regions_new[rxharun.com]
  51. spine-low-back-assess-clinical-pathways[rxharun.com]
  52. Lumbar Core Strength[rxharun.com]
  53. Stability of the lumbar spine[rxharun.com]
  54. lumbar-radiofrequency-ablabtion-[rxharun.com]
  55. Clinical examination of the lumbar spine[rxharun.com]
  56. anatomy-of-the-spine Typical vertebral anatomy-lateral view[rxharun.com]
  57. Applied anatomy of the lumbar spine[rxharun.com]
  58. Lumbar Spine Range of Movement Exercise Program[rxharun.com]
  59. Morphometric Study of Lumbar Vertebrae[rxharun.com]
  60. witek2019[rxharun.com] Wilcyznski_MRI-lumbar[rxharun.com]
  61. biomechanics-of-lumbar-spine-and-lumbar-disc[rxharun.com]
  62. Lumbar Spine Muscles and Movement [rxharun.com]
  63. L-Spine_spine_lumbar_anatomy[rxharun.com]
  64. Nomenclature[rxharun.com]
  65. spine-low-back-assess-clinical-pathways[rxharun.com]
  66. Cervical-and-Thoracic-Spine-Disorders-Guideline[rxharun.com]
  67. spine-1-jk-anatomy-of-the-spine[rxharun.com]
  68. Physical Exam of the Spine[rxharun.com]
  69. degenerative pathology of the spine new[rxharun.com]
  70. Spinal-pathology-Drop-foot-Thoracic-pain-Inflammatory-Back-Pain[rxharun.com]
  71. Many Facets of Spine Pathology[rxharun.com]
  72. osteoarthritis-of-the-spine-information[rxharun.com]
  73. MRI in Lumber Disc Degenerative Diseases[rxharun.com]
  74. ARTIFICIAL INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS LUMBAR SPINE[rxharun.com]
  75. 2022985[rxharun.com]
  76. amandersson[rxharun.com]
  77. lumbardischerniation[rxharun.com]
  78. Anaesthesia-for-paediatric-dentistry[rxharun.com]
  79. Developments in intervertebral disc disease research_ pathophysiotherapy[rxharun.com]
  80. 2025.03.13.643128v1.full[rxharun.com]
  81. Lumbar_Disc_Herniation[rxharun.com]
  82. Biomechanics of the Lumbar[rxharun.com]
  83. percutaneous annular puncture[rxharun.com]
  84. The nucleus pulposus microenvironment i[rxharun.com]
  85. Intervertebral Disc Stress [rxharun.com]
  86. degenerative changes of the intervertebral disc[rxharun.com]
  87. Dixon_AR, Mechanical Engineering, PhD, 2022[rxharun.com]
  88. INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DEGENERATION [rxharun.com]
  89. Intervertebral disc degeneration rx[rxharun.com]
  90. Biological Therapeutic Modalities for Intervertebral[rxharun.com]
  91. intervertebral-disc-mechanics-[rxharun.com]
  92. Intervertebral Disc Damage & Repair[rxharun.com]
  93. disc_prolapse_pathology_2016[rxharun.com]
  94. Strontium Ranelate Ameliorates Intervertebral Disc[rxharun.com]
  95. faysal_bas_it,+841_221-223[rxharun.com]
  96. LUMBAR PROLAPSED INTERVERTEBRAL[rxharun.com]
  97. nrrheum.2014-disc-nutrient-review[rxharun.com]
  98. Intervertebral Disc Degeneration[rxharun.com]
  99. Structure and Biology of the Intervertebral Disk in Health and Disease[rxharun.com]
  100. amandersson,+17453679309160104[rxharun.com]
  101. Ligamentum Flavum at L4-5[rxharun.com]
  102. Bone_Vertebrae[rxharun.com]
  103. Anatomy of the spine[rxharun.com]
  104. lab manual_spinal cord and spinal nerves_a+p[rxharun.com]
  105. Spinal Cord Functions & Reflexes[rxharun.com]
  106. Nervous System Lect Notes[rxharun.com]
  107. Central nervous system[rxharun.com]
  108. Nervous System.BD[rxharun.com]
  109. SAJAA(V26N6)+p40-44+09+2535+Spinal+cord+pathways[rxharun.com]
  110. Spinal-cord[rxharun.com]
  111. spinalcord[rxharun.com]
  112. Management of[rxharun.com]
  113. integrated-care-pathway-spinal-cord-injury[rxharun.com]
  114. Spinal Cord Spinal Nerve Anatomy[rxharun.com]
  115. 1st-Professional-MBBS-Chapter-wise-Questions[rxharun.com]
  116. Key_Sensory_Points[rxharun.com]
  117. Spinal-cord-slides[rxharun.com]
  118. Range_of_Motion[rxharun.com]
  119. yes-you-can_digital[rxharun.com]
  120. Motor_Exam_Guide[rxharun.com]
  121. Living-with-a-Spinal-Cord-Injury[rxharun.com]
  122. The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves[rxharun.com]
  123. Spinal cord nerves [rxharun.com]
  124. anatomy-of-the-circulation-of-the-brain-and-spinal-cord[rxharun.com]
  125. Spinal_cord_Tracts[rxharun.com]
  126. Spinal Cord Injury[rxharun.com]
  127. spinal cord[rxharun.com]
  128. SpinalCord34[rxharun.com]
  129. Spinal_Cord_Anatomy_and_Localization.-compressed[rxharun.com]
  130. Functions of the Spinal Cord[rxharun.com]
  131. Spinal Cord Organization[rxharun.com]
  132. Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves[rxharun.com]
  133. AnatomyBackSpinalCord-StatPearls-NCBIBookshelf[rxharun.com]
  134. SpinalCord nerve, reflexes, coloumn[rxharun.com]
  135. Spinal Cord, nerve, reflexes[rxharun.com]
  136. Anatomy of the Spinal Cord [rxharun.com]
  137. Spinal+cord+pathways[rxharun.com]
  138. L2-Anatomy of Spinal cord[rxharun.com]
  139. fnhum-11-00343[rxharun.com]
  140. spine_injury_guidelines[rxharun.com]
  141. spine-care-for-the-therapist[rxharun.com]
  142. thoracic spine based on graphical images[rxharun.com]
  143. Spine-biomechanics[rxharun.com]
  144. ajnr_1_1_009[rxharun.com]
  145. Ultrasonography of the Adult Thoracic and Lumbar Spine for Central Neuraxial Blockade [rxharun.com]
  146. thoracic-spine[rxharun.com]
  147. JAAOS_Management_of_Thoracic_and_lumbar_metastases[rxharun.com]
  148. THEVERTEBRALCOLUMN[rxharun.com]
  149. Spine7 Treatment of Fractures of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine[rxharun.com]
  150. Thoracic_spine_mobility_an_essential_link_in_upper_limb_kinetic_chains_a_systematic_review_v2[rxharun.com]
  151. Disorders of the thoracic spine pathology treatment[rxharun.com]
  152. Thoracoscopy-A-Minimally-Invasive-Approach-to-the-Anterior-Thoracic-Spine[rxharun.com]
  153. Thoracic-Spine-Anatomy-and-Biomechanics[rxharun.com]
  154. thoracic-mobility-and-athletic-performance[rxharun.com]
  155. Thoracic_Lumbosacral_and_Pelvic_Regions_new[rxharun.com]
  156. Thoracic Home Exercise Program[rxharun.com]
  157. Thoracic Posture and Mobility in Mechanical Neck[rxharun.com]
  158. Thoracic_and_Lumbar_Spine_ROM_exercise_programme_done_2019[rxharun.com]
  159. spine-5-fh-thoracic-spine-anatomy[rxharun.com]
  160. Clinical examination of the thoracic spine[rxharun.com]
  161. TIMS-Managing-Thoracic-Back-Pain-July-2024[rxharun.com]
  162. Cervical-and-Thoracic-Spine-Disorders-[rxharun.com]

PDF Document For This Disease Conditions

  1. https://rxharun.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Nomenclature.pdf
  2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27887750/
  3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537139/
  4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537236/
  5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537140/
  6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30335291/
  7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30725921/
  8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30725824/
  9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559006/
  10. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30725825/
  11. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle
  12. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skeletal_muscles_of_the_human_body
  13. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/19841.htm
  14. https://www.britannica.com/science/human-muscle-system
  15. https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/muscular/types.html
  16. https://www.britannica.com/science/human-muscle-system
  17. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/skeletal-muscle
  18. https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/32/5/1792/2380623
  19. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10974598
  20. https://medlineplus.gov/skinconditions.html
  21. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Kidney_diseases
  22. https://kidney.org.au/your-kidneys/what-is-kidney-disease/types-of-kidney-disease
  23. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease
  24. https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd
  25. https://www.kidneyfund.org/all-about-kidneys/types-kidney-diseases
  26. https://www.aad.org/about/burden-of-skin-disease
  27. https://www.usa.gov/federal-agencies/national-institute-of-arthritis-musculoskeletal-and-skin-diseases
  28. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/skin/default.html
  29. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brain-tumor/symptoms-causes/syc-20350084
  30. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Understanding-Sleep
  31. https://www.cdc.gov/traumaticbraininjury/index.html
  32. https://www.skincancer.org/
  33. https://illnesshacker.com/
  34. https://endinglines.com/
  35. https://www.jaad.org/
  36. https://www.psoriasis.org/about-psoriasis/
  37. https://books.google.com/books?
  38. https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/skin-diseases
  39. https://cms.centerwatch.com/directories/1067-fda-approved-drugs/topic/292-skin-infections-disorders
  40. https://www.fda.gov/files/drugs/published/Acute-Bacterial-Skin-and-Skin-Structure-Infections—Developing-Drugs-for-Treatment.pdf
  41. https://dermnetnz.org/topics
  42. https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/skin-allergy
  43. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/occupational-skin-disease
  44. https://aafa.org/allergies/allergy-symptoms/skin-allergies/
  45. https://www.nibib.nih.gov/
  46. https://www.nei.nih.gov/
  47. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skin_conditions
  48. https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=List_of_skin_diseases&redirect=no
  49. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_condition
  50. https://oxfordtreatment.com/
  51. https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/
  52. https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/w
  53. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health
  54. https://catalog.ninds.nih.gov/
  55. https://www.aarda.org/diseaselist/
  56. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets
  57. https://www.nibib.nih.gov/
  58. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/topics
  59. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/
  60. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics
  61. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/
  62. https://www.niehs.nih.gov
  63. https://www.nimhd.nih.gov/
  64. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics
  65. https://obssr.od.nih.gov/
  66. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics
  67. https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases
  68. https://beta.rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases
  69. https://orwh.od.nih.gov/

References

You Might Also Like This Posts:

  1. Cervical Central Nerve Root Compression Cervical central nerve root compression—often called cervical radiculopathy or a “pinched nerve in the neck”—occurs when one or more of the nerve roots exiting the spinal cord in the neck become squeezed or irritated. This guide explains, in plain English, what happens in your body, why it happens, how it feels, and how it’s diagnosed […]...
  2. Cervical Parasagittal Nerve Root Compression Cervical parasagittal nerve root compression, often classified under cervical radiculopathy, occurs when a cervical spinal nerve root is pinched or irritated as it exits the spinal canal just lateral to the midline (parasagittal zone). This compression can be caused by herniated discs, bony overgrowths (osteophytes), ligament thickening, or traumatic injuries. Affected individuals commonly experience neck […]...
  3. Cervical Nerve Root Compression at C6–C7 Cervical nerve root compression at C6–C7—often called a C7 radiculopathy—is a condition in which the C7 spinal nerve root is pinched as it exits the spinal canal between the sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae. This pressure can come from a herniated disc, bony overgrowths (osteophytes), ligament thickening, or other space-occupying lesions. When the nerve is […]...
  4. Cervical Migrated Nerve Root Compression Cervical migrated nerve root compression occurs when a slipped or herniated disc fragment in the neck moves (“migrates”) away from its original disc space and presses on one of the cervical nerve roots. This pressure irritates or injures the nerve, causing pain, numbness, or weakness along the nerve’s pathway. Anatomy of the Cervical Nerve Root […]...
  5. Cervical Central and Paracentral Nerve Root Compression Cervical central and paracentral nerve root compression are forms of cervical radiculopathy, commonly known as “pinched nerves” in the neck. A pinched nerve happens when the soft tissues or bony structures around a nerve root press on it as it exits the spinal canal. When this compression is central, the pressure occurs at or near […]...
  6. Cervical Posterior Nerve Root Compression Cervical Posterior Nerve Root Compression—also known as cervical radiculopathy—occurs when one or more of the dorsal (posterior) nerve roots emerging from the cervical spinal cord become pinched or irritated as they exit through the intervertebral foramina. This compression leads to nerve signaling disturbances that can manifest as pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness radiating along the […]...
  7. Cervical Foraminal Nerve Root Compression Cervical foraminal nerve root compression, often called a pinched nerve in the neck, happens when a nerve root that exits the spinal cord through a small opening (the intervertebral foramen) becomes pressed or irritated. This pressure interrupts the nerve’s normal function, leading to pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness that can travel down the arm. Understanding […]...
  8. Cervical Transverse Nerve Root Compression at C2 – C3 Cervical C2–C3 nerve root compression, often called upper cervical radiculopathy, happens when the spinal nerve roots exiting between the C2 and C3 vertebrae are squeezed or irritated, leading to pain, numbness, or weakness in their specific areas of sensation and movement PubMedPhysioPedia. Anatomy of the C2–C3 Nerve Roots Structure & Location: The C2 nerve root […]...
  9. Cervical Transverse Nerve Root Compression Cervical Transverse Nerve Root Compression—often called cervical radiculopathy or a “pinched nerve in the neck”—occurs when one or more nerve roots exiting the cervical spinal cord are pressed upon by surrounding structures. This compression disrupts normal nerve signaling, leading to pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the shoulder, arm, or hand. It can arise suddenly […]...
  10. Cervical Transverse Nerve Root Compression at C3 – C4 Compression of the C3–C4 nerve root, also called cervical transverse nerve root compression at C3-C4, occurs when the spinal nerve root exiting between the third and fourth cervical vertebrae is pinched or irritated. This interference disrupts normal nerve signaling, leading to pain, numbness, or weakness in areas served by these nerves. In a broader sense, […]...

To Get Daily Health Newsletter

We don’t spam! Read our privacy policy for more info.

Terms and Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Cookie Policy
Editorial Policy
Advertising Policy
EU User Consent Policy
Correction Policy
Citation Policy
Ethics and Logical Policies
About Us
Contact Us
Newsletter
Career
Sitemap
Advertise with us
Editorial Board Members
Review Board Member
Team RxHarun
Web Developers Team
Guest Posts and Sponsored Posts
Request for Board Member
Women Writers
Download Mobile Apps
Follow us on Social Media
© 2012 - 2025; All rights reserved by authors. Powered by Mediarx International LTD, a subsidiary company of Rx Foundation.
RxHarun
Logo