Cerebellar ataxia co-occurrent with ectodermal dysplasia, also called cerebellar ataxia-ectodermal dysplasia syndrome, is a very rare genetic condition where a person has both a brain balance problem ...
C1q nephropathy is a rare kidney disease. It affects the filters of the kidney called glomeruli. In this disease, the body’s immune system leaves a protein called C1q in the mesangium (the support ...
Exstrophy of the urinary bladder sequence is a rare birth condition. It starts when a baby is growing in the womb. The lower belly wall does not close. The front wall of the bladder also does not ...
Bladder exstrophy–epispadias–cloacal exstrophy complex (BEEC) is a group (a spectrum) of rare birth defects that affect the front wall of the belly and the lower urinary and genital organs. In BEEC, ...
Bladder exstrophy is a rare birth defect. It happens when a baby’s lower tummy wall and the front wall of the bladder do not close before birth. Because of this, the bladder is open on the outside of ...
Polyomavirus-associated nephropathy is kidney damage caused by reactivation of a common virus (usually BK polyomavirus) in people who receive a kidney transplant. Most adults were infected in ...
BK-virus nephropathy is kidney damage caused by the BK polyomavirus. Most people catch BK virus in childhood and the virus then “sleeps” silently in the urinary tract. It usually causes no problems. ...
Multicystic renal dysplasia (MCDK) is a birth condition where one kidney (rarely both) does not form in the normal way during pregnancy. Instead of having normal kidney tissue that filters blood and ...
Bilateral multicystic renal dysplasia means both kidneys did not form in the usual way while the baby was in the womb. The normal sponge-like kidney tissue is replaced by many fluid-filled sacs ...
Bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney (bilateral MCDK) means both kidneys did not form normal working tissue before birth. Instead of healthy kidney tissue, many fluid-filled sacs (cysts) and ...
Infantile Bartter syndrome with sensorineural deafness is a rare, inherited kidney salt-wasting disorder that starts before birth. Babies lose too much salt and water through the kidneys, which ...
Bartter syndrome with sensorineural hearing loss (type IV) is a rare, inherited kidney salt-wasting disorder that begins before or soon after birth. The kidneys cannot properly reabsorb salt (sodium ...
Bartter syndrome with sensorineural deafness is a rare, inherited kidney salt-wasting disorder that also causes permanent hearing loss. The kidney problem comes from a defect in salt transport in a ...
Bartter syndrome type 4 is a rare, inherited kidney tubule disorder. The kidney cannot reabsorb enough salt in a specific segment of the nephron (the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle). ...
Renal Tubular Normotensive Hypokalemic Alkalosis with Hypercalciuria is a salt-wasting kidney tubule disorder. The kidney’s thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle fails to reabsorb enough salt ...
Bartter syndrome with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis is a rare, inherited kidney salt-wasting disorder. The problem lives in the “thick ascending limb” of the loop of Henle, a segment of the ...
Aldosteronism with hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex means your adrenal glands (small glands that sit on top of the kidneys) have grown more cells than normal in the outer layer (the cortex). Those ...
Bartter syndrome is a group of rare, inherited kidney tubule disorders. The problem happens in a part of the kidney called the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. In this segment, healthy ...
A salt-wasting kidney tubule disorder means the tiny tubes in the kidneys cannot take salt back into the blood the way they should. Because salt pulls water, the body loses extra salt and water in ...
Adult Bartter syndrome is a salt-wasting kidney tubule disorder that usually begins in late childhood, the teen years, or even in adult life. The kidney’s “loop of Henle” (a section of the kidney ...
Bartter disease type 3 is a rare, inherited kidney condition. The kidneys normally reabsorb salt (sodium chloride) from the urine back into the blood. In type 3, a chloride channel named ClC-Kb does ...
Infantile polycystic kidney disease—usually called autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)—is a genetic disease. A baby is born with it when they inherit two non-working copies of ...
Introduction Gallbladder cancer is a rare but serious disease that develops when cancerous (malignant) cells form in the tissues of the gallbladder a small organ located just beneath the liver. ...
Introduction Liver cancer is one of the most challenging cancers worldwide, known for its aggressive nature and often late diagnosis. The liver, a vital organ responsible for ...
Sarcotubular myopathy is a rare, inherited muscle disease. It usually runs in families in an autosomal recessive way and is most often caused by harmful changes in a gene called TRIM32. The main ...
Autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis is a rare, inherited kidney condition. It affects the last part of the kidney tubule called the distal tubule. In healthy kidneys, special cells in ...
Kidney tubular acidosis is a group of disorders where the kidney’s tubules can’t keep the body’s acid-base balance normal. You get a normal anion-gap (hyperchloremic) metabolic acidosis because the ...
Autosomal dominant Alport syndrome (ADAS) is a genetic kidney condition caused by a single (heterozygous) disease-causing change in one copy of the COL4A3 or COL4A4 gene. These genes encode building ...
Goodpasture syndrome—also called anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease—is a rare, fast-moving autoimmune disease. The immune system makes harmful antibodies that attack a specific ...
Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane (anti-GBM) Disease is a rare autoimmune illness. Your immune system makes harmful antibodies that mistakenly attack a specific part of the filtering membrane in the ...
Creatine deficiency syndrome is a group of rare, inherited brain energy disorders. In these conditions, the brain cannot make, move, or bring in enough creatine. Creatine is a small molecule that ...
Nephronophthisis is an inherited kidney disease where the tiny tubules (pipes) inside the kidney slowly scar and form small cysts near the border between the cortex and medulla. Over years, the ...
Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) is inflammation and injury that mainly affect the tubules (the tiny pipes that balance water, salt, acid–base, and waste) and the interstitium (the soft tissue ...
Urinary Dysbiosis refers to an imbalance in the naturally occurring microorganisms (the microbiome) within the urinary tract. For many years, urine was thought to be sterile, but modern DNA‐based ...
Uvula muscle tendinitis is a condition in which the small muscle of the uvula (the soft, hanging tissue at the back of your throat) becomes inflamed or irritated. Although it is a rare condition, it ...
Piriformis fascia adhesions are a condition involving abnormal fibrous bands that form in the fascia surrounding the piriformis muscle. These adhesions can cause discomfort, restrict movement, and ...
Piriformis fascia hyperplasia is a condition that affects the piriformis muscle and its fascia—a layer of connective tissue that covers the muscle. In this guide, we explain what this condition is, ...
Piriformis fascia fibrosis is a condition where the connective tissue (fascia) around the piriformis muscle becomes thickened or scarred. This fibrosis can restrict movement, irritate nearby nerves, ...
Piriformis fascia fibrosis is a condition where the connective tissue (fascia) around the piriformis muscle becomes thickened or scarred. This fibrosis can restrict movement, irritate nearby nerves, ...
Piriformis fascia cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can develop in or around the fascia (the connective tissue) that covers the piriformis muscle in the buttock area. Although not as commonly ...
Piriformis fascia tumors are rare growths that can develop in the area around the piriformis muscle and its surrounding fascia (the connective tissue covering the muscle). Although these tumors are ...
Piriformis fascia pain is a condition that causes discomfort in the buttock and lower back. It is often linked to problems with the piriformis muscle and its surrounding fascia, which is a layer of ...
Piriformis fascia masses refer to abnormal growths or swellings that occur in the soft tissues surrounding the piriformis muscle and its fascia. The piriformis muscle is a small, deep muscle located ...
Piriformis fascia hypertrophy is a condition that involves the thickening or enlargement of the fascia (the connective tissue) surrounding the piriformis muscle. The piriformis muscle is located deep ...
Piriformis fascia hypertrophy is a condition that involves the thickening or enlargement of the fascia (the connective tissue) surrounding the piriformis muscle. The piriformis muscle is located deep ...
Piriformis fascia diseases refer to conditions affecting the piriformis muscle and its surrounding fascia. This area, located deep in the buttock near the hip, plays an important role in movement and ...
Piriformis fascia disorders refer to a group of conditions affecting the piriformis muscle and its surrounding fascia—the thin layer of connective tissue. This article will help you understand the ...
Iliopectineal arch thickening is a condition where the normally thin band of tissue in the pelvic region—the iliopectineal arch—becomes abnormally thickened. This thickening can affect nearby ...
Iliopectineal Arch Hernia is a type of hernia that occurs near the iliopectineal arch—a fibrous band of tissue found in the groin area. Although hernias in this region are less common than other ...
Iliopectineal arch adhesions are a condition involving the formation of abnormal fibrous bands or scar tissues along the iliopectineal arch—a key structure in the pelvic region. These adhesions can ...
Iliopectineal arch hyperplasia is a term used to describe an abnormal increase in the size or growth of the iliopectineal arch—a bony structure found in the pelvic region. In this guide, we discuss ...
Iliopectineal arch fibrosis is a condition characterized by the thickening and scarring of tissues around the iliopectineal arch—a key anatomical structure located in the lower abdominal and hip ...
Iliopectineal arch infection is a rare but important condition that involves the inflammation and infection of the iliopectineal arch—a structure found in the pelvic region. This guide explains what ...
Iliopectineal arch cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can form near the iliopectineal arch—a structure in your groin area formed by the muscles and tendons near your hip. These cysts may be linked to ...
Iliopectineal arch tumors are a rare group of growths that develop near the iliopectineal arch—a key anatomical structure in the pelvic region. In this guide, we break down what these tumors are, how ...
Iliopectineal arch injury is a rare condition that involves damage to a structure located in the pelvic region. Although not commonly discussed outside of specialist circles, understanding this ...
The iliopectineal arch is a fibrous structure in the pelvis that serves as a point of attachment for muscles and fascia. It is sometimes referred to as the “pectineal arch” or “iliopectineal line” in ...
Iliopectineal arch masses may sound like a complicated medical term, but breaking it down into simpler parts can help you understand what they are, how they form, and what to do if you or someone you ...
Iliopectineal Arch Hypertrophy is a condition in which the iliopectineal arch—a fibrous or bony structure in the pelvic region—becomes enlarged or overdeveloped. This guide covers the definition, ...
The iliopectineal arch is a fibrous structure located in the pelvic region, bridging the ilium (the upper pelvic bone) and the pectineal line of the pubis. Although it is not a “disease” by itself, ...
Iliopectineal arch disorders are a group of conditions that affect the iliopectineal region – an area around the pelvic bone where muscles, blood vessels, and nerves come together. This guide ...
Iliac fascia thickening is a condition involving the connective tissue in the pelvic region. This guide explains what it is, why it happens, and how it can be diagnosed, treated, and prevented. ...
Iliac fascia hernia is a condition where tissue, usually from the intestine or fat, pushes through a weak spot in the iliac fascia—the layer of connective tissue that covers the iliac muscle in your ...
Iliac fascia hyperplasia is a condition where the connective tissue (fascia) surrounding the iliac muscles undergoes an abnormal increase in cell number or tissue volume. This may lead to thickening ...
Iliac fascia fibrosis is a condition where the fascia—a band of connective tissue found in the pelvic region—becomes thickened and scarred. This scarring (or fibrosis) may interfere with the normal ...
Iliac fascia cysts are unusual, fluid-filled sacs that form in the region of the iliac fascia—a layer of connective tissue in the pelvic area. Although they are relatively rare, understanding these ...
Iliac fascia tumors are a rare type of growth that occur in the connective tissue covering the iliac muscles in your pelvic region. Because the iliac fascia is essential for protecting muscles and ...
Iliac fascia injury is an uncommon but significant condition that involves damage to the fascia—a band or sheet of connective tissue—covering the iliac region of the pelvis. This article explains ...
Iliac fascia pain refers to discomfort or pain that originates in or around the iliac fascia—a sheet of connective tissue that covers the iliacus muscle in the pelvic and hip region. This pain can ...
Iliac fascia masses are abnormal growths or lesions that develop within or adjacent to the iliac fascia—a layer of connective tissue in the pelvic and lower abdominal region. This guide will explain ...
Iliac fascia hypertrophy refers to the abnormal thickening or enlargement of the fascia that covers the iliac muscles in the pelvic area. The iliac fascia is a connective tissue that supports and ...
Iliac fascia diseases affect a thin, fibrous tissue layer that covers and supports muscles and organs in the pelvic region. This article explains what iliac fascia is, how it functions, and what can ...
Iliac fascia disorders refer to problems affecting the iliac fascia—a layer of connective tissue that covers and supports the muscles and organs in your lower abdomen and pelvic region. This guide ...
Linea semilunaris spasms refer to involuntary contractions or cramping along the linea semilunaris—a curved, tendinous line found along the side of the abdominal muscles. These spasms can cause ...
Linea semilunaris hernia, also known as Spigelian hernia, is a rare type of abdominal wall hernia that occurs along the semilunar line—the curved edge of the rectus abdominis (the “six-pack” muscle). ...
Linea Semilunaris Hyperplasia is a condition that involves an abnormal increase in the number of cells along the linea semilunaris—a curved, lateral line that marks the edge of the rectus abdominis ...
Linea Semilunaris Fibrosis is a rare condition that affects the lateral border of the rectus abdominis—the “six-pack” muscles of the abdomen. In this article, we explain what it is, why it happens, ...
Linea semilunaris infection is a rare but important condition that affects the lateral border of your abdominal wall. This guide is designed to help you understand what it is, how it develops, the ...
Linea semilunaris masses are a rare clinical finding that occur along a curved line on the front of the abdominal wall. In this guide, we explain what they are, how they develop, what symptoms and ...
The human abdominal wall is not just a protective barrier for internal organs—it also plays a vital role in movement and stability. One important anatomical feature of the abdominal wall is the linea ...
The linea semilunaris is a curved, tendinous line found along the lateral edge of the rectus abdominis muscles in your abdominal wall. Disorders affecting this region are often linked to hernias and ...
Cyberbullying is the act of performing bullying behavior via the use of digital devices. It can occur on social media, messaging, or gaming platforms. It involves using technology to harass, ...
When someone is “black out drunk,” they have consumed so much alcohol that their brain cannot form new memories during that period. In simple terms, a blackout means you might act, talk, or even walk ...
Linea alba thickening refers to an abnormal increase in the thickness of the linea alba—a fibrous, midline structure found on the front of the abdomen. While the linea alba is a normal and essential ...
Linea alba hernia is a rare type of hernia that occurs along the midline of your abdomen, where a fibrous band called the linea alba runs from your breastbone to your pubic bone. A linea alba hernia ...
Linea alba adhesions can be confusing at first, but understanding them is key to recognizing the symptoms and finding the right treatment. In this guide, we explain what linea alba adhesions are, ...
Linea alba hyperplasia is a condition characterized by an abnormal increase in the tissue along the midline of the abdomen. The term “linea alba” comes from Latin, meaning “white line,” and refers to ...
Linea alba fibrosis is a condition that affects the fibrous structure running down the middle of the abdomen. The term “linea alba” refers to a white, fibrous band that runs vertically along the ...
Linea alba cysts are uncommon growths that can appear along the midline of the abdomen. Although they may seem worrisome, understanding their anatomy, causes, symptoms, and treatment options can help ...
Linea alba tumors refer to abnormal growths or masses that develop along the linea alba—a fibrous band that runs down the middle of your abdomen. Although the linea alba is primarily a connective ...
Linea alba injuries can affect the midline of the abdominal wall. The term “linea alba” means “white line” in Latin. It refers to a fibrous structure that runs down the center of your abdomen, from ...
Linea alba pain refers to discomfort or pain along the midline of your abdomen. The term “linea alba” literally means “white line” in Latin. It is a fibrous, connective tissue structure that runs ...
Linea alba masses refer to abnormal growths or swellings that develop along the linea alba—a fibrous band running down the middle of your abdomen. These masses can range from benign (non-cancerous) ...
The term “Linea Alba” literally means “white line” in Latin. In the context of oral health, it usually refers to a benign, white, linear mark found on the inside of the cheeks along the bite line. ...
Linea alba disorders refer to conditions that affect the midline structure of the body known as the linea alba. This fibrous band is found either in the abdominal wall or on the inner lining of the ...
Interfoveolar ligament strain is an injury to a small but important ligament located near the hip joint. While it might not be as well known as some other ligaments, an injury here can lead to pain, ...
Interfoveolar ligament sprain is an injury that involves the overstretching or tearing of a small but important ligament located near a bony depression (or fovea) in a joint. Although not as widely ...
Interfoveolar ligament tears, sometimes associated with damage to the ligamentum teres in the hip joint, are injuries that can lead to hip pain, instability, and reduced function. Although not as ...
Interfoveolar ligament laxity is a condition where the ligament that helps stabilize the hip joint becomes looser than normal.What It Is: The interfoveolar ligament (often discussed in ...
Interfoveolar ligament fibrosis is a condition where the interfoveolar ligament—a small but important connective tissue structure—is affected by fibrotic changes. Fibrosis means that the normal soft ...
Interfoveolar ligament cysts are a relatively uncommon condition that affects the ligament within the hip joint. Often associated with the ligament that helps stabilize the head of the femur ...
Interfoveolar ligament tumors refer to abnormal growths that develop on or near the interfoveolar ligament—a small, delicate band of connective tissue that plays a role in joint stability. Although ...
Interfoveolar ligament injury is a condition affecting one of the small yet important ligaments in the hip joint. Sometimes referred to in relation to the ligamentum teres or foveal ligament, this ...
Interfoveolar ligament pain is a term used to describe pain originating from a ligament that connects or supports parts of the bone in areas where small depressions (foveae) are found. Although not ...
Interfoveolar ligament masses are unusual growths or abnormalities found in the small ligament that connects areas near the femoral head (the round top of the thigh bone) and the acetabulum (the hip ...
Interfoveolar ligament hypertrophy is a condition where the ligament found in the hip joint—the small connective tissue band near the fovea (a small depression on the head of the femur)—becomes ...
The interfoveolar ligament, also known as the ligamentum teres (or ligament of the head of the femur), is an important structure inside the hip joint. Though small in size, it plays a role in ...
Interfoveolar ligament disorders affect the small but important ligament within the hip joint that helps maintain the stability of the femoral head (the ball of the hip joint). While the term ...
Transverse fascia thickening is a condition where the connective tissue (fascia) that runs across the body becomes abnormally thick or fibrous. This change can affect movement, cause pain, and may ...
A transverse fascia hernia is a type of abdominal wall hernia that occurs when there is a weakness or defect in the transverse fascia—a strong, flat layer of connective tissue that plays an important ...
Transverse fascia adhesions are abnormal bands of scar tissue that form in the connective tissue (fascia) running across the abdomen. These adhesions can stick tissues or organs together and may lead ...
Transverse fascia hyperplasia is a condition where the connective tissue known as the transverse fascia becomes abnormally thickened or overgrown. Transverse fascia hyperplasia refers to the ...
