Cervical C3–C4 vertical herniation refers to a condition in which the intervertebral disc situated between the third (C3) and fourth (C4) cervical vertebrae ...

The intervertebral disc between the second (C2) and third (C3) cervical vertebrae serves as a shock‐absorbing cushion that allows the upper neck to flex, ...

C1–C2 vertical herniation is a rare form of cervical disc pathology in which disc material herniates vertically through the annulus fibrosus into the adjacent ...

Cervical vertical herniation, often referred to as intravertebral disc herniation in the cervical spine, is a pathological condition characterized by the ...

Vertical herniation occurs when the soft, jelly-like center (nucleus pulposus) of an intervertebral disc pushes upward or downward through the tough outer ring ...

Schmorl’s nodes (also called Schmorl’s nodules or intravertebral disc herniations) are lesions in which the gelatinous nucleus pulposus of an intervertebral ...

Post-traumatic discitis is inflammation of the intervertebral disc space that arises following a mechanical injury to the spine—such as a fall, motor-vehicle ...

Postoperative discitis—often termed iatrogenic discitis—denotes infection of the intervertebral disc space that arises as a direct consequence of a spinal ...

Hematogenous pyogenic discitis is an infection of the intervertebral disc space and adjacent vertebral endplates caused by bacteria traveling through the ...

Hematogenous spread discitis occurs when pathogens in the bloodstream seed the normally avascular intervertebral disc. Because adult discs lack their own blood ...

Contiguous spread discitis is an infection of the intervertebral disc space resulting from the direct extension of an adjacent vertebral or soft-tissue ...

Non-infectious (aseptic) discitis is a sterile inflammation of the intervertebral disc. Unlike infectious discitis—where bacteria or fungi invade the ...

Postoperative discitis is an infection of the intervertebral disc space that occurs after spinal surgery. It typically manifests within 1–6 weeks ...

Fungal discitis is an infection of the intervertebral disc space caused by fungal organisms. Unlike bacterial discitis, which is more common, fungal discitis ...

Brucellar discitis is an infection of the intervertebral disc space by Brucella species, most commonly Brucella melitensis. It often arises in endemic regions ...

Tubercular discitis, also known as tuberculous spondylodiscitis, is an extrapulmonary manifestation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection that primarily ...