User Posts: Dr. Tracy L. Ansay, MD - Spine and Neurosurgery
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Nucleus Pulposus Post-Surgical Dehydration
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Nucleus pulposus post-surgical dehydration is a condition that can occur after spine surgery aimed at relieving pressure on spinal nerves or discs. The nucleus ...

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Nucleus Pulposus Autoimmune Dehydration (NPAD)
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Nucleus Pulposus Autoimmune Dehydration (NPAD) refers to a process in which the central, gelatinous core of the intervertebral disc—the nucleus ...

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Nucleus Pulposus Vascular Dehydration
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The nucleus pulposus is the gelatinous core of each intervertebral disc, situated between the vertebral bodies of the spine. Composed primarily of water ...

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Nucleus Pulposus Metabolic Dehydration
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The nucleus pulposus is the gelatinous core of each intervertebral disc, responsible for absorbing and distributing mechanical loads along the spine. Over ...

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Nucleus Pulposus Traumatic Dehydration
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Nucleus Pulposus Traumatic Dehydration refers to the loss of water content and resilience of the gelatinous core (nucleus pulposus) of an intervertebral disc ...

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Nucleus Pulposus Inflammatory Dehydration
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Nucleus pulposus inflammatory dehydration refers to a degenerative process of the intervertebral disc’s gelatinous core (nucleus pulposus, NP) characterized by ...

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Nucleus Pulposus Annulus-Predominant Dehydration
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Nucleus pulposus annulus-predominant dehydration** is a form of intervertebral disc degeneration in which the fluid-rich center of the disc (the nucleus ...

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Nucleus Pulposus Endplate-Predominant Dehydration
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Nucleus pulposus endplate-predominant dehydration is an early stage of intervertebral disc degeneration characterized by loss of water content primarily in the ...

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Nucleus Pulposus Circumferential Dehydration
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Nucleus Pulposus Circumferential Dehydration refers to the progressive loss of water content throughout the gel-like core of an intervertebral disc, extending ...

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Nucleus Pulposus Ipsilateral Focal Dehydration
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Nucleus pulposus ipsilateral focal dehydration refers to a localized loss of water content within the central gelatinous core (the nucleus pulposus) of an ...

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Nucleus Pulposus Hydropic Dehydration
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Nucleus pulposus hydropic dehydration—often referred to as disc desiccation when it predominantly affects the gelatinous core of the intervertebral disc—is an ...

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Nucleus Pulposus Degenerative Dehydration
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Nucleus Pulposus Degenerative Dehydration is a form of intervertebral disc degeneration characterized by loss of water content within the nucleus pulposus—the ...

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C7–T1 Disc Proteoglycan Loss
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Proteoglycans are large, highly hydrated molecules—chiefly aggrecan—in the nucleus pulposus (NP) of intervertebral discs that attract and retain water, ...

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C6–C7 Disc Proteoglycan Loss
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Proteoglycan loss in the C6–C7 intervertebral disc marks an early and pivotal change in cervical spine degeneration. Proteoglycans are large molecules within ...

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C5–C6 Disc Proteoglycan Loss
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Intervertebral discs are cushions between the vertebrae that allow flexibility and absorb shock. Each disc has a gel-like core called the nucleus pulposus, ...

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C4–C5 Proteoglycan Loss
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Proteoglycans are large, sugar-coated proteins—chiefly aggrecan—in the soft “gel” core (nucleus pulposus) of each intervertebral disc. They attract and hold ...

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C3–C4 Disc Proteoglycan Loss
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Proteoglycans are large, complex molecules composed of a core protein decorated with glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains, and they play a critical role in ...

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C3–C4 Disc Proteoglycan Loss
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Proteoglycans are core proteins heavily glycosylated with sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains, and they are the chief hydrophilic components of the ...

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C2 – C3 Disc Proteoglycan Loss
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Proteoglycan loss from the C2–C3 intervertebral disc is a hallmark of early cervical disc degeneration. Proteoglycans—large, highly hydrated macromolecules in ...

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Cervical Disc Proteoglycan Loss
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Proteoglycans are large, complex molecules composed of a core protein and long chains of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). In the cervical spine—the part of the neck ...

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C7–T1 Nucleus Pulposus Dehydration
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Nucleus pulposus dehydration refers to the loss of water content within the gelatinous core (nucleus pulposus) of the intervertebral disc, here specifically at ...

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C6–C7 Nucleus Pulposus Dehydration
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Nucleus pulposus dehydration at the C6–C7 level refers to the loss of water content and proteoglycan matrix within the gel-like core of the intervertebral disc ...

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C5–C6 Nucleus Pulposus Dehydration
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C5–C6 nucleus pulposus dehydration refers to the loss of water content and elasticity in the soft, jelly-like center (nucleus pulposus) of the intervertebral ...

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C4–C5 Nucleus Pulposus Dehydration
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C4–C5 nucleus pulposus dehydration—often termed disc desiccation—refers to the loss of water content within the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc at ...

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C3–C4 Nucleus Pulposus Dehydration
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C3–C4 nucleus pulposus dehydration refers to the loss of water content within the central gelatinous core of the intervertebral disc located between the third ...

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C2–C3 Nucleus Pulposus Dehydration
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A nucleus pulposus dehydration at the C2–C3 level refers to loss of water content in the gelatinous center of the intervertebral disc between the second and ...

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C1–C2 Nucleus Pulposus Dehydration
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Nucleus pulposus dehydration refers to the loss of water content and glycosaminoglycan matrix within the gelatinous core of an intervertebral disc. In the ...

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Cervical Disc Nucleus Pulposus Dehydration
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Cervical disc nucleus pulposus dehydration refers to the progressive loss of water content within the gelatinous central core of the intervertebral disc ...

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Cervical Nucleus Pulposus Dehydration
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Cervical Nucleus Pulposus Dehydration occurs when the gelatinous inner core (nucleus pulposus) of a cervical intervertebral disc loses water content, leading ...

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Nucleus Pulposus Dehydration
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Nucleus pulposus dehydration—also known as disc desiccation—is the progressive loss of water content and glycosaminoglycan-rich extracellular matrix within the ...

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Cervical C7–T1 Disc Desiccation
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Cervical C7–T1 disc desiccation refers to the process by which the intervertebral disc between the seventh cervical (C7) and first thoracic (T1) vertebrae ...

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Cervical C6–C7 Disc Desiccation
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Disc desiccation refers to the loss of normal hydration within the intervertebral disc, leading to decreased disc height, reduced elasticity, and potential ...

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C5–C6 Disc Desiccation
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Cervical disc desiccation refers to the dehydration and loss of normal water content in the intervertebral disc, most commonly seen in the lower cervical spine ...

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C4–C5 Disc Desiccation
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Cervical disc desiccation at the C4–C5 level refers to the loss of normal water content and elasticity in the intervertebral disc between the fourth and fifth ...

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Cervical C3–C4 Disc Desiccation
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Cervical C3–C4 Disc Desiccation is a degenerative condition characterized by the loss of water content within the intervertebral disc located between the third ...

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C2–C3 Disc Desiccation
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Disc desiccation refers to the loss of hydration and height of an intervertebral disc. At the C2–C3 level (between the second and third cervical vertebrae), ...

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Cervical C1–C2 Disc Desiccation
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Cervical C1–C2 disc desiccation refers to the dehydration and structural breakdown of the intervertebral disc between the first (atlas) and second (axis) ...

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Cervical Disc Desiccation
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Cervical disc desiccation is a hallmark of early intervertebral disc degeneration in the neck, characterized by the loss of water content within the nucleus ...

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Disc Desiccation
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Disc desiccation refers to the progressive loss of water content and elasticity in the intervertebral discs, the shock-absorbing cushions between the vertebrae ...

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Cervical Transligamentous Vertical Herniation
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Cervical Transligamentous Vertical Herniation is a subtype of cervical disc herniation in which nucleus pulposus material extrudes through a tear in the ...

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Cervical Subligamentous Vertical Herniation
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A cervical subligamentous vertical herniation is a subtype of cervical disc extrusion in which nucleus pulposus material breaches the annulus fibrosus but ...

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Cervical Subarticular Vertical Herniation
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Cervical subarticular vertical herniation is a specialised form of cervical disc herniation in which degenerative disc material extrudes through an annular ...

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Cervical Disc Disruption Tears
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Cervical annular vertical herniation—often termed a radial annular fissure or vertical annular tear—is a form of cervical disc disruption in which the nucleus ...

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Cervical Extradural Vertical Herniation
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Cervical extradural vertical herniation is a rare form of spinal disc displacement that occurs when part of an intervertebral disc in the neck (cervical spine) ...

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Cervical Intradural Vertical Herniation
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Cervical intradural vertical herniation is an exceptionally rare subtype of intervertebral disc herniation in which nucleus pulposus material penetrates the ...

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Cervical Traumatic Vertical Herniation
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Cervical Traumatic Vertical Herniation occurs when the gel-like center (nucleus pulposus) of a cervical intervertebral disc pushes vertically through its ...

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Cervical Degenerative Vertical Herniation
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Cervical degenerative vertical herniation is a condition in which one or more of the intervertebral discs in the neck (cervical spine) undergo wear-and-tear ...

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Cervical Lateral with Vertical Herniation
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A cervical disc herniation occurs when the nucleus pulposus protrudes through a tear in the annulus fibrosus of an intervertebral disc in the neck, potentially ...

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Vertical Herniation in the Cervical Lateral Recess
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Cervical lateral recess stenosis with vertical disc herniation is a complex spinal pathology characterized by narrowing of the lateral recess—the channel ...

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Cervical Asymmetric Vertical Herniation
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A cervical disc herniation occurs when the soft nucleus pulposus of an intervertebral disc in the neck breaches the tougher annulus fibrosus, protruding into ...

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Cervical Focal Disc Vertical Herniation
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Cervical disc herniation represents a displacement of intervertebral disc material—annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus, or both—beyond the normal confines of ...

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Cervical Circumferential with Vertical Herniation
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Cervical circumferential with vertical herniation refers to a combined annular tear and disc protrusion pattern in the cervical spine where the annulus ...

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Cervical Extraforaminal Vertical Herniation
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Cervical extraforaminal vertical herniation refers to the displacement of intervertebral disc material in the neck region that migrates laterally beyond the ...

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Cervical Foraminal Vertical Migrated Herniation
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A cervical foraminal vertical migrated herniation occurs when the soft center of a cervical (neck) disc pushes through its outer layer and moves vertically ...

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Cervical Foraminal Vertical Herniation
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Cervical foraminal vertical herniation is a form of intervertebral disc displacement in the neck where disc material migrates into the neural foramen and ...

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Cervical Posterolateral Vertical Herniation
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Cervical posterolateral with vertical herniation refers to a displacement of nucleus pulposus material through a defect in the annulus fibrosus of a cervical ...

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Cervical Posterior Vertical Herniation
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Cervical Posterior Vertical Herniation refers to a form of intervertebral disc herniation in the neck (cervical spine) where nucleus pulposus material ...

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Central and both Paracentral Cervical Disc Herniation
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A central cervical disc herniation occurs when the inner gel-like core of a cervical intervertebral disc (the nucleus pulposus) bulges or extrudes directly ...

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Cervical Paracentral With Vertical Herniation
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Cervical paracentral vertical herniation refers to the pathological displacement of intervertebral disc material in the cervical spine, occurring just off the ...

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Cervical Central and Vertical Herniation
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Cervical central vertical herniation is a type of neck disc injury in which the soft inner part of an intervertebral disc (nucleus pulposus) pushes straight ...

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Cervical C7–T1 Vertical Herniation
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Cervical C7–T1 vertical herniation, also known as a Schmorl’s node at the cervicothoracic junction, occurs when nucleus pulposus material extrudes vertically ...

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C6–C7 Vertical Herniation
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A C6–C7 vertical herniation occurs when the soft inner core of the intervertebral disc between the sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae (C6 and C7) pushes out ...

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Cervical C5–C6 Vertical Herniation
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Vertical herniation of the C5–C6 intervertebral disc refers to displacement of disc material along the cranio-caudal (vertical) axis at the fifth cervical to ...

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Cervical C4–C5 Vertical Herniation
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Cervical C4–C5 Vertical Herniation refers to the pathological displacement of intervertebral disc material at the C4–C5 level of the cervical spine, in which ...

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Cervical C3–C4 Vertical Herniation
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Cervical C3–C4 vertical herniation refers to a condition in which the intervertebral disc situated between the third (C3) and fourth (C4) cervical vertebrae ...

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C2–C3 Vertical Herniation
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The intervertebral disc between the second (C2) and third (C3) cervical vertebrae serves as a shock‐absorbing cushion that allows the upper neck to flex, ...

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Cervical C1–C2 Vertical Herniation
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C1–C2 vertical herniation is a rare form of cervical disc pathology in which disc material herniates vertically through the annulus fibrosus into the adjacent ...

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Cervical Vertical Herniation
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Cervical vertical herniation, often referred to as intravertebral disc herniation in the cervical spine, is a pathological condition characterized by the ...

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Vertical Herniation
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Vertical herniation occurs when the soft, jelly-like center (nucleus pulposus) of an intervertebral disc pushes upward or downward through the tough outer ring ...

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Schmorl’s Nodes
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Schmorl’s nodes (also called Schmorl’s nodules or intravertebral disc herniations) are lesions in which the gelatinous nucleus pulposus of an intervertebral ...

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Post-Traumatic Discitis
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Post-traumatic discitis is inflammation of the intervertebral disc space that arises following a mechanical injury to the spine—such as a fall, motor-vehicle ...

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Postoperative Iatrogenic Discitis
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Postoperative discitis—often termed iatrogenic discitis—denotes infection of the intervertebral disc space that arises as a direct consequence of a spinal ...

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Hematogenous Pyogenic Discitis
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Hematogenous pyogenic discitis is an infection of the intervertebral disc space and adjacent vertebral endplates caused by bacteria traveling through the ...

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Hematogenous Spread Discitis
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Hematogenous spread discitis occurs when pathogens in the bloodstream seed the normally avascular intervertebral disc. Because adult discs lack their own blood ...

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Contiguous Spread Discitis
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Contiguous spread discitis is an infection of the intervertebral disc space resulting from the direct extension of an adjacent vertebral or soft-tissue ...

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Non-Infectious (Aseptic) Discitis
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Non-infectious (aseptic) discitis is a sterile inflammation of the intervertebral disc. Unlike infectious discitis—where bacteria or fungi invade the ...

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Postoperative Discitis
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Postoperative discitis is an infection of the intervertebral disc space that occurs after spinal surgery. It typically manifests within 1–6 weeks ...

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Fungal Discitis
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Fungal discitis is an infection of the intervertebral disc space caused by fungal organisms. Unlike bacterial discitis, which is more common, fungal discitis ...

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Brucellar Discitis
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Brucellar discitis is an infection of the intervertebral disc space by Brucella species, most commonly Brucella melitensis. It often arises in endemic regions ...

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Tubercular Discitis
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Tubercular discitis, also known as tuberculous spondylodiscitis, is an extrapulmonary manifestation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection that primarily ...

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Chronic Pyogenic Discitis
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Chronic pyogenic discitis is a bacterial infection of the intervertebral disc space that persists beyond six weeks. Unlike acute discitis, chronic discitis ...

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Acute Pyogenic Discitis
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Acute pyogenic discitis is an infection of the intervertebral disc space by pyogenic (pus-forming) bacteria, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus. It represents ...

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Discitis
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Discitis is an infection of the intervertebral disc space that can lead to severe back pain, inflammation, and potential complications such as vertebral ...

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Calcific Discopathy
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Calcific discopathy—also termed intervertebral disc calcification or calcific discitis—is characterized by calcium deposition within the fibrocartilaginous ...

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Calcific Discitis
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Calcific discitis is a distinct form of intervertebral disc pathology characterized by the deposition of calcium salts—most often in the nucleus pulposus—that ...

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Chondrocalcinosis
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Chondrocalcinosis is a condition characterized by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals within joint cartilage and fibrocartilage. ...

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Inflammatory Disc Calcification
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Inflammatory disc calcification (IDC) refers to the pathological deposition of calcium mineral crystals—most commonly calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate or ...

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Inflammatory Disc Calcification
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Inflammatory disc calcification (IDC) refers to the pathological deposition of calcium mineral crystals—most commonly calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate or ...

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Traumatic Disc Calcification
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Traumatic disc calcification refers to the pathological deposition of calcium salts—most commonly calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) or hydroxyapatite ...

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Metabolic Disc Calcification
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Metabolic Disc Calcification is a pathological process characterized by abnormal calcium and phosphate deposition within the intervertebral disc, often driven ...

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Degenerative Disc Calcification
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Degenerative disc calcification occurs when calcium deposits form within the intervertebral discs of the spine as part of the aging and wear-and-tear process. ...

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Pediatric Intervertebral Disc Calcification
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Pediatric idiopathic intervertebral disc calcification (PIIVDC) is a rare, self-limiting condition characterized by deposition of calcium salts within one or ...

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Disc Calcification
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Disc calcification—a pathologic deposition of calcium salts within the intervertebral disc—represents a spectrum of clinical scenarios, from asymptomatic ...

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Neoplastic Uncovertebral Infiltration
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The uncovertebral joints—also known as Luschka’s joints—are specialized articulations located in the cervical spine between C3 and C7. These hook-shaped joints ...

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Infectious Uncovertebral Spondylitis
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Infectious Uncovertebral Spondylitis is a rare form of spinal infection that specifically affects the uncovertebral (Luschka) joints of the cervical spine. ...

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Metabolic Uncovertebral Arthropathy
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Metabolic uncovertebral arthropathy is a type of joint disease affecting the small “uncovertebral” joints (also called Luschka’s joints) located on the sides ...

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Ischemic Uncovertebral Osteochondrosis
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Ischemic Uncovertebral Osteochondrosis is a form of wear-and-tear (degenerative) joint disease affecting the uncovertebral joints of the cervical spine (neck). ...

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Inflammatory Uncovertebral Arthropathy
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Inflammatory uncovertebral arthropathy refers to inflammation of the uncovertebral (Luschka’s) joints, the small synovial articulations formed between the ...

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Post-Traumatic Uncovertebral Joint Disorder
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Post-Traumatic Uncovertebral Joint Disorder is a condition that arises when trauma to the cervical spine damages the uncovertebral joints (also called Luschka ...

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Cystic Uncovertebral Lesions
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Cystic uncovertebral lesions are fluid-filled sacs that develop at the uncovertebral (Luschka) joints of the cervical spine. These cysts form when tiny joints ...

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Osteophytic Uncovertebral Joint Disease
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Osteophytic Uncovertebral Joint Disease is a form of cervical spondylosis characterized by degenerative changes—particularly osteophyte (bone spur) ...

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Degenerative Uncovertebral Joint Arthrosis
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Degenerative uncovertebral joint arthrosis, sometimes called cervical cusp joint arthritis, is a wear-and-tear condition affecting the small joints ...

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Degenerative Uncovertebral Joint Arthrosis
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Degenerative uncovertebral joint arthrosis, also known as Luschka’s joint osteoarthritis, is a common age-related condition affecting the uncovertebral ...

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Uncovertebral Joint Disease
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Uncovertebral joints are unique synovial-like joints located on the posterolateral margins of cervical vertebral bodies (C3–C7), formed by the uncinate ...

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Uncovertebral Joints
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The uncovertebral joints—also known as the joints of Luschka—are paired small synovial articulations found in the cervical spine between C3 and C7. They form ...

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Irreversible Cardiorespiratory Failure
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Irreversible cardiorespiratory failure is the end stage of combined cardiac and pulmonary decompensation in which both the heart and lungs can no longer ...

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Cervical Cartilaginous Endplate Chondrocyte Apoptosis
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Cervical cartilaginous endplate chondrocyte apoptosis refers to the programmed cell death of the specialized cartilage cells (chondrocytes) that reside within ...

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Cervical Cartilaginous Endplates Proteoglycan Depletion
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Proteoglycans are large, negatively charged molecules (notably aggrecan) that imbibe water and provide the cartilage endplate (CEP) with its shock-absorbing ...

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Cervical Cartilaginous Endplate Infarction
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Cervical Cartilaginous Endplate Infarction (CCEI) is the ischemic death of the hyaline cartilage layer that forms the interface between a cervical vertebral ...

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Cervical Cartilaginous Endplates Inflammatory Spondyloarthropathy
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Cervical cartilaginous endplates inflammatory spondyloarthropathy is a form of chronic spinal inflammation that primarily affects the thin layers of cartilage ...

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Cervical Cartilaginous Endplate Defects
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Cervical cartilaginous endplates are thin layers of cartilage that lie between each cervical vertebral body and its intervertebral disc. Defects in these ...

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Cervical Cartilaginous Endplates Osteochondritis Dissecans
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Cervical cartilaginous endplates osteochondritis dissecans is a rare disorder in which the hyaline cartilage layer covering the upper and lower surfaces of the ...

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