Internal disc disruption (IDD) at the C1–C2 level refers to microscopic tears and degeneration within the nucleus pulposus and inner annulus fibrosus of the ...

Cervical Internal Disc Disruption (CIDD) is a condition in which the inner layers of a cervical (neck) intervertebral disc tear or degenerate. It can cause ...

Internal disc disruption (IDD), often called “discogenic pain,” is a condition in which the inner structure of an intervertebral disc becomes damaged—even ...

Cervical hypointense vertebrae describe areas of unusually low signal intensity (dark appearance) within the cervical (neck) vertebral bones on magnetic ...

Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome (PSPS) is a chronic pain condition characterized by persistent or recurrent spinal pain lasting longer than three months, which ...

Persistent postoperative back pain—also known as failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) or Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome (PSPS) Type 2—is defined as new or ...

Post-surgical back pain, often termed Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS) or Post-Laminectomy Syndrome, refers to persistent or new low back pain following one ...

A post-surgical (iatrogenic) wedge fracture is a collapse of the front (anterior) part of a spinal vertebral body that occurs as an unintended consequence of ...

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a condition where the intervertebral discs—the cushions between the vertebrae—gradually lose height, hydration, and ...

An osteoporotic wedge fracture is a type of vertebral compression fracture in which the front (anterior) portion of the vertebral body collapses, forming a ...

Congenital hemivertebra is a spinal anomaly in which one half of a vertebral body fails to form, resulting in a wedge-shaped vertebra and often leading to ...

Lateral wedging of cervical vertebrae refers to an asymmetrical tilt or “wedge” shape of one or more vertebral bodies in the neck. This subtle deformity can ...

Posterior wedging of cervical vertebrae is an abnormal shape of one or more neck bones (vertebrae) in which the back (posterior) edge of the vertebral body is ...

Anterior wedging of cervical vertebrae occurs when the front (anterior) part of one or more neck vertebral bodies collapses or becomes shorter than the back, ...

Cervical wedging is a condition in which one or more of the cervical (neck) vertebral bodies develop a triangular, “wedge-shaped” deformity, most often with ...

Cervical postsurgical spondylolisthesis is a condition in which, following cervical spine surgery (such as laminectomy or corpectomy), one vertebra slides ...