Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a group of rare, inherited disorders of the neuromuscular junction, where communication between nerve endings and muscle fibers is impaired from birth or ...
Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE) is a benign, congenital overgrowth (hamartoma) of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) layer of the eye. On exam, it appears as a ...
Congenital Hereditary Endothelial Dystrophy (CHED) is a rare genetic disorder of the corneal endothelium that manifests as bilateral corneal clouding from birth or the early neonatal period. In CHED, ...
Congenital Fibrosis of the Extraocular Muscles (CFEOM) is a rare, inherited group of eye-movement disorders present from birth. In healthy development, cranial nerves (especially the oculomotor, ...
Congenital ectropion uveae (CEU) is a rare, non‑progressive developmental eye anomaly where the pigmented layer of the iris (the back surface) is inappropriately located on the front (anterior) ...
Congenital cystic eye (CCE) is an extremely rare birth defect in which the normal structures of the eye fail to form, and instead a fluid‐filled cyst occupies the orbit where the eye should be. This ...
Congenital Cranial Dysinnervation Disorders (CCDDs) are a group of rare conditions present at birth in which one or more of the cranial nerves that control eye, facial, or other head movements fail ...
Epiblepharon is an eyelid condition characterized by an extra horizontal fold of skin and pretarsal orbicularis muscle that rides over the eyelid margin, redirecting the eyelashes vertically toward ...
Conductive keratoplasty (CK) is a minimally invasive refractive procedure that uses controlled radiofrequency energy to reshape the cornea and correct mild to moderate farsightedness (hyperopia) or ...
Digital Eye Strain (DES), also known as Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS), is a clinical syndrome characterized by a collection of visual disturbances and ocular discomfort associated with prolonged use ...
Compressive visual field defects are abnormalities in the patient’s peripheral or central vision caused by pressure (mass effect) on the visual pathways—ranging from the optic nerve in the orbit ...
Commotio retinae, also known as Berlin’s edema when involving the macula, is a form of traumatic retinopathy that arises following blunt injury to the eye. In this condition, the retina temporarily ...
Deuteranopia, often called green–blindness, is a form of red–green color vision deficiency in which the medium‑wavelength (green) cone photoreceptors in the retina are absent or nonfunctional. ...
Protanopia is a form of color vision deficiency in which the long-wavelength sensitive cones (often called “red” cones) are either absent or nonfunctional. People with protanopia perceive reds, ...
Normal trichromatic vision is the typical human ability to perceive and distinguish a wide range of colors using three types of cone photoreceptor cells in the retina. In bright light (photopic ...
Combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (often abbreviated CHR-RPE or simply CHRRPE) is a rare, benign, congenital ocular tumor. It consists of an overgrowth of tissues ...
