Epidermoid cysts, often referred to as sebaceous cysts, are common benign growths that can develop beneath the skin. They typically form when the top layer of your skin cells multiply abnormally and get trapped beneath the surface. In this article, we will provide you with plain English explanations of what epidermoid cysts are, their various types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, and medications available. Additionally, we’ll touch on surgical options when necessary.
Types of Epidermoid Cysts
There are two primary types of epidermoid cysts:
- Epidermal Cysts: These cysts are the most common type and originate from the outermost layer of the skin, known as the epidermis.
- Trichilemmal Cysts: Trichilemmal cysts, also called pilar cysts, arise from hair follicles. They are often found on the scalp.
Causes of Epidermoid Cysts
- Blocked Glands: One of the main causes of epidermoid cysts is when hair follicles or sebaceous (oil-producing) glands become blocked, leading to the accumulation of dead skin cells and oils.
- Trauma: Physical injury or trauma to the skin can sometimes trigger the development of these cysts.
- Congenital Factors: Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to developing epidermoid cysts.
- Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations can contribute to the formation of cysts, particularly in women.
- Excessive Sun Exposure: Overexposure to sunlight may also be a risk factor.
- Past Acne: A history of acne can increase the likelihood of epidermoid cysts.
- Foreign Bodies: In rare cases, foreign bodies like splinters or hairs can become embedded in the skin and lead to cyst formation.
- Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as Gardner’s syndrome, can be associated with an increased risk of developing epidermoid cysts.
Symptoms of Epidermoid Cysts
- Visible Bumps: The most common symptom is a visible, small, round lump beneath the skin. These lumps are usually painless.
- Slow Growth: Epidermoid cysts tend to grow slowly over time.
- Skin Redness: The area around the cyst may become red and inflamed, especially if it becomes infected.
- Pain or Discomfort: If an infection occurs, the cyst may become painful or tender.
- Fluid Drainage: In some cases, the cyst may discharge a foul-smelling, cheesy material.
Diagnosing Epidermoid Cysts
- Clinical Examination: A healthcare provider can often diagnose an epidermoid cyst through a physical examination.
- Ultrasound: An ultrasound may be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the cyst’s size and structure.
- Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA): If there is any uncertainty about the nature of the cyst, a small sample may be collected through FNA for further examination.
Treatment Options for Epidermoid Cysts
- Observation: In some cases, if the cyst is small and not causing discomfort, a “watch and wait” approach may be recommended.
- Warm Compresses: Applying warm compresses to the cyst can help reduce inflammation and promote drainage.
- Incision and Drainage: If the cyst becomes painful or infected, a healthcare provider may make a small incision to drain the contents.
- Corticosteroid Injections: Steroid injections can be administered to reduce inflammation and shrink the cyst.
- Laser Therapy: Laser therapy may be used to remove the cyst or reduce its size.
- Surgical Excision: When cysts are large, recurrent, or causing cosmetic concerns, surgical excision is often the most effective treatment. This involves removing the entire cyst and its capsule.
Medications for Epidermoid Cysts
- Antibiotics: If the cyst becomes infected, antibiotics may be prescribed to treat the infection.
- Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage any discomfort associated with the cyst.
Surgical Options for Epidermoid Cysts
- Simple Excision: This is the most common surgical procedure for removing epidermoid cysts. It involves making a small incision, removing the cyst, and closing the wound with sutures.
- Minimal Excision Technique: In some cases, a smaller incision may be used to remove the cyst’s contents, and the cyst sac is left in place.
- Laser Surgery: Laser surgery can be used to vaporize the cyst’s contents and the cyst wall.
- Electrocautery: This technique uses an electrical current to cut through the cyst and seal the wound simultaneously.
- Incision and Drainage: In cases of infection, a healthcare provider may perform incision and drainage to relieve pain and remove the infected material.
- Radiosurgery: Radiofrequency energy is used to cut and remove the cyst.
- Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Laser: CO2 lasers are used to excise the cyst while minimizing scarring.
In conclusion, epidermoid cysts are common benign growths that can be caused by blocked glands, trauma, genetics, hormonal changes, and other factors. They often present as painless lumps under the skin but can become painful or infected. Diagnosis is typically made through clinical examination and may involve imaging or fine needle aspiration. Treatment options range from observation and warm compresses to surgical excision, with medications and different surgical techniques available for managing symptoms and removing the cysts. Surgical options depend on the size, location, and characteristics of the cyst, as well as the patient’s preferences and medical history. If you suspect you have an epidermoid cyst or have concerns about it, consult with a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and guidance on the best course of action.
Disclaimer: Each person’s journey is unique, treatment plan, life style, food habit, hormonal condition, immune system, chronic disease condition, previous medical history is also unique. So always seek the best advice from a qualified medical professional or health care provider before trying any treatments to ensure to find out the best plan for you. This guide is for general information and educational purposes only. If you or someone are suffering from this disease condition bookmark this website or share with someone who might find it useful! Boost your knowledge and stay ahead in your health journey. Thank you for giving your valuable time to read the article.