Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome (MEWDS)

Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome (MEWDS) is an eye condition that suddenly appears, usually in one eye, in otherwise healthy people—most often young, near-sighted women. “Multiple” means there are many spots. “Evanescent” means they fade away with time. “White dots” are tiny, flat, pale spots seen inside the back of the eye (the retina). “Syndrome” means a group of findings that occur together. These tiny white dots sit in the outer layers of the retina (the light-sensing layer) and the pigment layer beneath it (the retinal pigment epithelium, or RPE). A very typical clue is a grainy or speckled look at the center of the vision (foveal granularity). Most people notice flashing lights, a gray smudge or blind spot near the center, and blurry vision in one eye. The condition almost always gets better on its own over a few weeks, and most people return to normal sight without treatment. PMC+1EyeWiki

MEWDS shows up quickly, changes over days to weeks, and then fades. The white spots can be present at the first visit or may have already started fading. Even after vision improves, the little grainy look in the center of the retina can linger for a while. A small number of people have an enlarged blind spot on visual field testing that can last longer than the other signs. Recurrence is possible but not common (roughly a minority of patients). Overall, prognosis is excellent. PMCEyeWiki

Pathophysiology

The exact cause is not fully known. The most widely accepted idea is that the immune system gets activated—often after a viral illness or a vaccine—and temporarily inflames the outer retina (the photoreceptor layer). Imaging shows that the main trouble spot is around the photoreceptors (the “camera sensors” of the eye), especially in the “ellipsoid zone” on OCT scans; this is why people notice flashing lights and blind-spot-like patches. Some researchers see more lesions on a dye test called indocyanine green angiography (ICG) than on other tests, suggesting involvement of the RPE/choroid as well; but OCT and OCT angiography commonly point to outer retinal (photoreceptor) dysfunction as the primary event. In simple words: temporary inflammation disrupts the light-sensing layer, then the layer heals. PMC+2PMC+2eyerounds.org

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Types

Doctors don’t have strict “official” subtypes for MEWDS like some other diseases, but in practice you’ll hear these useful groupings:

1. Typical (classic) MEWDS
   Sudden, one-eye symptoms in a young, near-sighted woman; many tiny white dots in the back of the eye; grainy fovea; mild inflammation; and the textbook “wreath-like” pattern on fluorescein angiography (FA). Gets better without treatment in weeks. eyerounds.orgModern Optometry

2. Atypical MEWDS
   Features don’t all fit the classic picture. Examples: older age, both eyes involved, more obvious optic-disc swelling, or unusual imaging patterns. Still tends to recover well but needs careful testing to rule out look-alike conditions. PMC

3. Recurrent MEWDS
   People who get a repeat episode after the first one. Recurrences are uncommon but can happen, sometimes after infections or vaccinations. PMCNature

4. Primary vs. Secondary MEWDS
   Primary: the usual self-limited form with no other retinal disease.
   Secondary: a MEWDS-like reaction happening next to another retinal problem (for example, near a choroidal neovascular membrane or other outer-retina damage); this is rare and described in case reports. PMCScienceDirect

5. MEWDS within the “AZOOR complex”/blind-spot syndromes
   MEWDS overlaps with conditions like Acute Idiopathic Blind Spot Enlargement (AIBSE)—which also causes a bigger blind spot and photopsias. They may represent related outer-retinal inflammatory processes. EyeWikiPMC

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Causes and Triggers

Strictly speaking, MEWDS is idiopathic (cause unknown). But research points to triggers and risk factors that can set off the immune system in susceptible people. Think of them as possible sparks, not guaranteed causes:

1. Recent viral-like illness (fever, flu-ish symptoms) in the weeks before vision changes—reported in about one-third of patients. Likely immune-system activation. Retina TodayWikipedia

2. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection—case series link acute EBV to MEWDS. PubMed

3. Herpesviridae family infections (e.g., HSV, VZV) have been associated with recurrent episodes. PMC

4. Hepatitis A infection—reported association. PentaVision

5. Vaccinations (general)—MEWDS has followed multiple vaccines in reports (mechanism likely immune). Review of Ophthalmology

6. Hepatitis B vaccination—documented cases. PentaVision

7. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination—documented cases. PMC

8. Influenza vaccination—reported association. Karger

9. COVID-19 vaccination (mRNA and others)—multiple case reports/series of MEWDS-like disease after vaccination. PMCScienceDirectTaylor & Francis Online

10. COVID-19 infection—MEWDS reported after infection as well. Retina TodaySpringerOpen

11. Repeated infections/vaccinations (pandemic era)—may relate to higher recurrence risk in some populations. Nature

12. Autoimmune predisposition—a tendency for the immune system to over-react may prime MEWDS. Review of Ophthalmology

13. Genetic susceptibility (HLA-B51)—some studies show a higher rate of this HLA type in MEWDS patients (not diagnostic, just a clue). PubMed+1

14. Female sex—women affected more often than men (roughly 4–5:1), suggesting a hormonal/immune component. journal.opted.org

15. Myopia (near-sightedness)—commonly seen in patients with MEWDS. PMC

16. Stress/immune activation—listed among environmental triggers that might tip the balance. PentaVision

17. Overlap with AZOOR-spectrum disorders—shared mechanisms of outer-retinal inflammation. PMC

18. Secondary MEWDS next to other retinal damage (for example, near breaks in Bruch’s membrane in wet AMD)—rare but reported. ScienceDirect

19. General post-infectious immune reaction—a broad immune rebound after fighting off infections. Review of Ophthalmology

20. Unknown/idiopathic—no clear trigger found in many cases; the immune system may simply misfire briefly and then settle. PMC

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Common Symptoms

1. Blurred vision in one eye – sudden drop or haze in clarity. Wikipedia

2. Photopsias – brief flashes or sparkles of light due to irritated photoreceptors. PMC

3. Scotoma – a gray, dark, or missing spot near the center of vision. PMC

4. Enlarged blind spot – the normal blind spot expands on testing, so a larger area seems “missing.” WebEye

5. Dyschromatopsia – colors look off or washed out. Wikipedia

6. Metamorphopsia – straight lines may look wavy because the central retina is irritated. PMC

7. Decreased contrast – things look faded even if letters are readable. NCBI

8. Light sensitivity (photophobia) – bright light bothers the eye. PMC

9. Floaters – small shadows drifting in vision from mild inflammation in the eye. PMC

10. Mild eye discomfort or pressure – usually no true eye pain, but some awareness is common. PMC

11. Headache – non-specific; can accompany visual changes. NCBI

12. Night vision difficulty – because rod photoreceptors can be affected. Frontiers

13. Temporary drop in visual acuity – vision can range from normal to quite reduced at onset, then recover. journal.opted.org

14. One-sided symptoms – the other eye is usually normal. Modern Optometry

15. Residual shimmering or mild scotoma even after recovery – can persist for a while before fully resolving. EyeWiki

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Diagnostic Tests

A) Physical Exam

1. Visual acuity (letter chart)
   Measures how clearly you see. In MEWDS it can be mildly to markedly reduced at first, then improves as the retina heals. journal.opted.org

2. Pupil exam for RAPD (swinging flashlight test)
   Looks for a subtle difference in how the two eyes react to light. A relative afferent pupillary defect can appear when one eye’s photoreceptors/retina are less responsive. EyeWiki

3. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy (front of the eye + vitreous)
   Checks for mild inflammation—tiny cells in the vitreous (the eye’s gel) or slight haze; MEWDS often shows mild vitritis. EyeWiki

4. Dilated fundus exam
   The doctor looks at the retina with bright light and lenses. In MEWDS, they see many tiny flat gray-white dots in the back of the eye and a classic grainy fovea. Sometimes the optic disc looks a bit swollen. EyeWiki

B) Manual/Bedside Functional Tests

5. Confrontation visual fields
   A simple office test to screen for missing areas; can pick up a large blind spot. PMC

6. Amsler grid
   A square grid you look at to check for central waviness or missing spots; helpful to track change at home as the retina recovers. NCBI

7. Color vision plates (Ishihara)
   Quick screen for color desaturation or color errors caused by outer-retinal dysfunction. NCBI

8. Photostress recovery test
   After shining light briefly, timing how quickly reading vision returns. Slower recovery can suggest macular/photoreceptor trouble, which fits MEWDS. (General method; used alongside other tests.) NCBI

C) Laboratory & Pathological Tests

(Not to “prove” MEWDS, but to exclude infections or autoimmune diseases that can mimic it.)

9. Syphilis serology (RPR/VDRL and treponemal test)
   Rules out syphilitic chorioretinitis, which can look similar. NCBI

10. TB testing (IGRA or PPD) + chest imaging when indicated
    Screens for tuberculosis-related uveitis. NCBI

11. Sarcoidosis markers (ACE/lysozyme) and autoimmune panel (ANA, etc.)
    Looks for systemic inflammatory diseases that can mimic white-dot patterns. NCBI

12. Targeted viral or vaccine-related history/serology (EBV, Hep A/B, COVID-19)
    Not required in every case, but reasonable if history suggests a recent trigger. PubMedPentaVisionPMC

D) Electrodiagnostic Tests

13. Full-field electroretinogram (ffERG)
    Measures the retina’s electrical response to flashes of light. In active MEWDS, rod-dominant responses or a-wave can be reduced, then recover with healing. This confirms that photoreceptors were “stunned.” WebEyePubMedwebvision.med.utah.edu

14. Multifocal ERG (mfERG)
    Maps retinal function across the central field. In MEWDS, central and parafoveal responses are often depressed, matching the patient’s scotoma, then improve. ResearchGate

15. Electro-oculogram (EOG)
    Assesses the RPE/photoreceptor interface; may show disturbance during active disease and recovery afterwards. (Supportive, not essential.) ScienceDirect

16. Visual Evoked Potential (VEP)
    Checks the visual pathway from retina to brain. Typically normal or mildly affected in MEWDS; useful when optic-nerve disease is a concern. ScienceDirect

E) Imaging Tests

17. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
    A “retinal ultrasound with light” that shows layers in cross-section. In MEWDS, OCT often shows disruption of the ellipsoid zone and hyper-reflective material in the outer retina; these changes usually resolve over weeks. PMC+1

18. Fundus Autofluorescence (FAF)
    Non-invasive photos that highlight RPE health. MEWDS shows multiple bright (hyper-autofluorescent) spots around the posterior pole, which fade as you heal. eyerounds.orgPentaVision

19. Fluorescein Angiography (FA)
    A dye test that shows blood-flow and RPE leaks. MEWDS classically shows tiny punctate hyperfluorescent spots in a “wreath-like” ring around the fovea—very characteristic. eyerounds.org

20. Indocyanine Green Angiography (ICG)
    A dye test that penetrates deeper. MEWDS shows many more dark (hypofluorescent) spots on ICG than are visible clinically, often in the posterior pole and mid-periphery. In some studies, ICG reveals a wider area of involvement than FAF. SpringerOpenModern OptometryPMC

Non-pharmacological (no-drug) treatments and supports

Important: For classic MEWDS, watchful waiting with scheduled follow-up is the standard approach because the disease is self-limited. The items below focus on comfort, safety, and recovery while the eye heals. ScienceDirect

1. Education and reassurance.
   Purpose: Reduce anxiety; set expectations that vision usually recovers.
   Mechanism: Stress reduction and adherence to follow-up support better outcomes.

2. Scheduled follow-ups (e.g., 2–4 weeks, then as needed).
   Purpose: Track healing on exam/OCT and catch rare atypical changes.
   Mechanism: Objective monitoring of the ellipsoid zone and blind-spot size. PMC

3. Light management (sunglasses, brimmed hats, dim screen settings).
   Purpose: Ease photophobia.
   Mechanism: Lowers retinal light stimulation while inflamed areas settle.

4. Blue-light filtering when symptomatic.
   Purpose: Cut glare and flicker discomfort during computer/phone use.
   Mechanism: Reduces short-wavelength retinal stimulation.

5. Reading hygiene (larger font, high contrast, audiobooks).
   Purpose: Maintain work/study with less eye strain.
   Mechanism: Decreases accommodation and glare stress.

6. Amsler grid self-check (weekly).
   Purpose: Notice new scotomas or distortion early.
   Mechanism: Simple at-home visual field screening.

7. Gradual return to driving.
   Purpose: Safety.
   Mechanism: Wait until central vision and blind-spot size normalize on testing.

8. Breaks for screens (20-20-20 rule).
   Purpose: Reduce fatigue and dryness.
   Mechanism: Blinking and accommodation relaxation.

9. Dry-eye care if needed (humidifier, blink training, preservative-free tears).
   Purpose: Comfort.
   Mechanism: Stabilizes tear film; doesn’t treat MEWDS itself.

10. Sleep optimization.
    Purpose: Support immune balance and healing.
    Mechanism: Normalizes inflammatory signaling.

11. Hydration.
    Purpose: General comfort and systemic health.
    Mechanism: Supports metabolic recovery.

12. Headache management (cool packs, dark room).
    Purpose: Symptom relief from light-triggered headaches.
    Mechanism: Reduces trigeminal sensitization.

13. Workplace accommodations (temporary).
    Purpose: Preserve productivity without overexerting vision.
    Mechanism: Bigger monitors, better lighting, task redistribution.

14. Sun exposure timing.
    Purpose: Avoid harsh midday glare while symptomatic.
    Mechanism: Minimizes photophobia triggers.

15. Protective eyewear for outdoor sports.
    Purpose: Prevent incidental trauma while vision is fluctuating.
    Mechanism: Shields against impact and UV.

16. Balanced diet and gentle activity.
    Purpose: Support immune and vascular health.
    Mechanism: Anti-inflammatory lifestyle basics.

17. Avoid unnecessary steroids/antibiotics from non-eye providers.
    Purpose: Prevent side effects or confusion in diagnosis.
    Mechanism: Sticks to evidence that MEWDS usually needs no drugs. ScienceDirect

18. Counseling for anxiety if vision symptoms are distressing.
    Purpose: Quality of life.
    Mechanism: Coping skills during temporary impairment.

19. Protect the healthy eye (ergonomics, breaks, lighting).
    Purpose: Reduce strain on the unaffected eye.
    Mechanism: Prevent overuse symptoms.

20. Vaccination/infection discussion with your clinician.
    Purpose: Put any recent illness/vaccine in context.
    Mechanism: Case reports exist, but care remains supportive and individualized. PMCRetina Today

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Medication options

Key point: Classic MEWDS usually needs no medicine. When doctors do treat, it’s typically a short, carefully supervised course of steroids to speed visual recovery in severe or prolonged cases (e.g., foveal involvement). Everything below is off-label and must be individualized by an ophthalmologist after confirming the diagnosis. ScienceDirectPMC

1. Oral prednisone (systemic corticosteroid).
   Typical dosing: ~0.5–1 mg/kg/day, then taper over 2–6 weeks (example ranges; exact plan is individualized).
   When/why: Significant central vision loss or prolonged symptoms.
   Mechanism: Dampens retinal inflammation.
   Common side effects: Insomnia, mood change, high blood sugar/pressure, stomach upset; long courses can raise infection and glaucoma risk. PMC

2. Periocular (sub-Tenon’s) triamcinolone.
   When/why: Occasionally considered if systemic steroids are contraindicated and inflammation is visually significant.
   Mechanism: Local steroid delivery.
   Side effects: Pressure rise, cataract risk (longer term). Evidence in classic MEWDS is limited. MedCrave Online

3. Intravitreal dexamethasone implant (very uncommon).
   When/why: Rare, selected cases when inflammation is severe and persistent.
   Mechanism: Sustained local steroid.
   Side effects: Eye pressure rise, cataract risk; procedural risks. Not routine for MEWDS. MedCrave Online

4. Topical cycloplegic drops (e.g., homatropine).
   When/why: For light sensitivity from ciliary spasm or photophobia.
   Mechanism: Temporarily relaxes the focusing muscle; reduces photophobia.
   Side effects: Blurred near vision, light sensitivity from dilation. (Symptomatic aid, not disease-modifying.)

5. Oral analgesics (e.g., acetaminophen; NSAIDs if appropriate).
   When/why: Headache or discomfort relief.
   Mechanism: Central pain modulation or prostaglandin inhibition.
   Side effects: NSAIDs can irritate the stomach or kidneys; acetaminophen—liver safety with high doses.

6. Preservative-free artificial tears.
   When/why: Ease surface irritation during recovery.
   Mechanism: Lubricates the ocular surface.
   Side effects: Rare; comfort therapy only.

7. Topical NSAID drops (e.g., ketorolac)—rarely used.
   When/why: Limited role; can help surface discomfort but not the outer-retina inflammation.
   Mechanism: Local prostaglandin inhibition.
   Side effects: Sting; long use may affect corneal surface.

8. Antivirals (e.g., acyclovir)—generally not recommended for MEWDS.
   Why not: No evidence that MEWDS is caused by active ocular herpes or similar viruses; typical course resolves without antivirals.
   Risk: Unnecessary drug exposure. ScienceDirect

9. Immunomodulators (e.g., mycophenolate, azathioprine, methotrexate)—not used for classic MEWDS.
   Why not: MEWDS is usually short-lived; these drugs are reserved for other white-dot diseases that do recur or progress (like multifocal choroiditis). NCBI

10. Antibiotics or anti-VEGF injections—not indicated.
    Why not: MEWDS is inflammatory, not infectious or neovascular.
    Risk: Side effects without benefit. ScienceDirect

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Dietary / supportive supplements

No supplement is proven to treat MEWDS. Some people choose general eye-health nutrients for comfort or overall retinal support. Discuss with your doctor first, especially if pregnant, on blood thinners, or with chronic disease.

1. Lutein 10 mg + Zeaxanthin 2 mg daily.
   Function: Macular pigment support; antioxidant.
   Mechanism: Filters blue light and neutralizes free radicals. (Evidence is from macular-degeneration research, not MEWDS.)

2. Omega-3 (EPA+DHA ~1 g/day).
   Function: Anti-inflammatory milieu; tear-film support.
   Mechanism: Competitive inhibition of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids.

3. Vitamin D3 (800–2000 IU/day as needed for deficiency).
   Function: Immune modulation.
   Mechanism: Regulates cytokine signaling.

4. Vitamin C (500 mg/day).
   Function: Antioxidant recycling; collagen support.

5. Vitamin E (≤400 IU/day).
   Function: Lipid antioxidant.
   Note: Discuss with your clinician if on anticoagulants.

6. Zinc (≤25–40 mg elemental/day) + Copper (2 mg/day if taking higher-dose zinc).
   Function: Antioxidant enzyme cofactor.

7. Astaxanthin (6–12 mg/day).
   Function: Strong antioxidant; subjective eye-strain relief in small studies.

8. CoQ10 (100–200 mg/day).
   Function: Mitochondrial support; antioxidant.

9. Curcumin (turmeric extract 500–1000 mg/day with piperine).
   Function: NF-κB pathway calming (anti-inflammatory).
   Caution: May affect anticoagulants.

10. Quercetin (250–500 mg/day).
    Function: Flavonoid antioxidant; mast-cell stabilization.

11. Resveratrol (100–250 mg/day).
    Function: Antioxidant/AMPK-SIRT pathways.

12. Magnesium (200–400 mg/day).
    Function: Headache/migraine support; neuromuscular relaxation.

13. B-complex (at RDA).
    Function: Nerve metabolism.

14. Probiotics (per label).
    Function: Gut-immune axis support.

15. Taurine (500–1000 mg/day).
    Function: Retinal cell osmoregulation in preclinical work.
    Note: Human retinal disease data are limited.

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Regenerative / stem-cell drugs

There are no approved immune-reconstruction, regenerative, or stem-cell drug therapies for MEWDS. Because MEWDS almost always resolves on its own, exposing patients to high-risk experimental treatments would be unnecessary and potentially dangerous. If you see such claims online, treat them with caution and speak to a retina specialist. ScienceDirect

• Stem-cell injections: not approved for MEWDS; risk of severe complications.

• Biologic immune rebuilders (e.g., anti-TNF, anti-IL agents): not indicated in classic MEWDS.

• Gene therapy / CRISPR: no role in MEWDS.

• Regenerative peptides / exosomes: experimental; no evidence for MEWDS.

• Systemic cytotoxic immunosuppressants: reserved for other chronic white-dot diseases, not MEWDS. NCBI

• Unregulated “stem-cell clinics”: avoid—significant safety concerns.

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Surgeries

Surgery is not part of MEWDS care because the condition is self-limited and primarily affects the outer retina diffusely (nothing to “fix” mechanically). Below are procedures you may hear about in other retinal diseases, with reasons they’re not used for MEWDS:

1. Pars plana vitrectomy: used for floaters, hemorrhage, detachments—not for diffuse outer-retinal inflammation like MEWDS.

2. Laser photocoagulation: treats focal tears/leaks; MEWDS has no targetable leak.

3. Photodynamic therapy: used for choroidal neovascularization; absent in MEWDS.

4. Retinal detachment repair: only for true detachments, which MEWDS does not cause.

5. Cataract surgery: unrelated to MEWDS; only if a cataract later develops (e.g., after long steroid use—rare here).

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Prevention pointers

There is no proven way to prevent MEWDS because the cause is uncertain. These tips support general eye/immune health and safe recovery:

1. Don’t smoke (reduces oxidative stress).

2. Healthy sleep (immune regulation).

3. Balanced diet rich in colorful vegetables and omega-3s.

4. Manage screen time and lighting ergonomics.

5. Wear sunglasses outdoors.

6. Treat viral illnesses sensibly; avoid self-prescribing antibiotics or steroids.

7. Keep routine eye exams if you’ve had MEWDS before.

8. Control systemic conditions (blood pressure, diabetes).

9. Discuss vaccine/illness timing with your physician if you previously had MEWDS (personalized decision; evidence is limited to case reports). PMC

10. Protect eyes during sports/yard work.

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When to see a doctor—red flags

• Sudden flashing lights, gray spot, or color dulling in one eye.

• Noticeable enlargement of your blind spot or new missing patches on an Amsler grid. PMC

• Vision not improving by 8–12 weeks, or getting worse at any time. ScienceDirect

• Pain, redness, many new floaters, curtain-like shadow (suggests a different problem).

• Symptoms in both eyes, or repeated attacks (doctor may re-check the diagnosis—e.g., multifocal choroiditis). PMC

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What to eat—and what to avoid

Emphasize: leafy greens (spinach, kale), orange/yellow produce (peppers, corn), berries, citrus, legumes, nuts, seeds, whole grains, and oily fish (salmon, sardines). These foods deliver lutein/zeaxanthin, vitamin C/E, zinc, and omega-3s that support general retinal health.
Limit/avoid: smoking; excess alcohol; ultra-processed foods high in sugar and trans-fats; megadoses of supplements without medical advice (e.g., high-dose vitamin A). (These are general eye-health principles; they do not specifically “cure” MEWDS.)

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FAQs

1. Is MEWDS dangerous?
   Usually no. It’s uncomfortable and scary at first, but it typically resolves on its own with good visual recovery. ScienceDirect

2. How long does it last?
   Most recover over weeks to a few months. Some subtle symptoms can linger longer. ScienceDirect

3. Will I go blind?
   Permanent severe vision loss is rare in classic MEWDS. ScienceDirect

4. Does it come back?
   Recurrence is uncommon (about 10–15%). Review of Ophthalmology

5. Do I need treatment?
   Often no. Observation is standard. Short steroid courses may be used if central vision is badly affected or recovery is unusually slow. ScienceDirectPMC

6. Is it in both eyes?
   Usually one eye. Bilateral cases are unusual; recurrent or “secondary” MEWDS may behave differently. NCBIScienceDirect

7. What causes it?
   We don’t know. An immune-mediated reaction is suspected, sometimes after a viral illness. NCBI

8. Is it contagious?
   No. The eye inflammation itself isn’t contagious.

9. How is it diagnosed?
   Story + exam + imaging (FA wreath-like dots, FAF bright spots, OCT ellipsoid-zone changes). JAMA NetworkPMC

10. What tests might my doctor order?
    Visual acuity, color vision, pupil tests, visual fields, OCT, FA/ICGA, FAF; sometimes ERG or blood tests to rule out other diseases. NCBIPMC

11. Is it related to vaccines or COVID-19?
    There are case reports after infections or vaccination, but that does not prove causation. Care remains the same: supportive, with follow-up. PMCRetina Today

12. Can supplements fix MEWDS?
    No. Supplements may support general eye health but haven’t been shown to treat MEWDS.

13. Can I work or drive?
    Often yes, with adjustments. Wait to drive until your central vision and blind-spot size are safe on testing.

14. What if my vision isn’t improving?
    Return sooner. Your doctor will re-check the diagnosis and consider short-term steroids or other causes. PMC

15. How is MEWDS different from other “white dot” diseases?
    MEWDS is usually unilateral and short-lived; others (like multifocal choroiditis, birdshot, serpiginous) can be bilateral and chronic, often needing long-term immunosuppression. NCBI

Disclaimer: Each person’s journey is unique, treatment plan, life style, food habit, hormonal condition, immune system, chronic disease condition, geological location, weather and previous medical  history is also unique. So always seek the best advice from a qualified medical professional or health care provider before trying any treatments to ensure to find out the best plan for you. This guide is for general information and educational purposes only. Regular check-ups and awareness can help to manage and prevent complications associated with these diseases conditions. If you or someone are suffering from this disease condition bookmark this website or share with someone who might find it useful! Boost your knowledge and stay ahead in your health journey. We always try to ensure that the content is regularly updated to reflect the latest medical research and treatment options. Thank you for giving your valuable time to read the article.

The article is written by Team RxHarun and reviewed by the Rx Editorial Board Members

Last Updated: August 13, 2025.

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