Polypoid Basal Cell Carcinoma

Polypoid basal cell carcinoma (PBCC) is a type of skin cancer that usually develops on sun-exposed areas like the face, neck, and shoulders. In this comprehensive guide, we will explain PBCC in simple terms, covering its types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis methods, treatment options, and medications.

Types of Polypoid Basal Cell Carcinoma:

  1. Nodular PBCC: A raised, dome-shaped bump on the skin.
  2. Cystic PBCC: Characterized by fluid-filled sacs within the tumor.
  3. Pigmented PBCC: The tumor appears brown or black due to melanin production.

Causes of Polypoid Basal Cell Carcinoma:

  1. Sun Exposure: Prolonged exposure to UV rays is the primary cause.
  2. Genetics: A family history of skin cancer increases the risk.
  3. Fair Skin: People with lighter skin are more susceptible.
  4. Age: Older individuals have a higher risk.
  5. Immunosuppression: Weakened immune systems raise susceptibility.
  6. Radiation Exposure: Previous radiation therapy can be a risk factor.
  7. Chronic Skin Inflammation: Conditions like psoriasis can increase risk.
  8. Arsenic Exposure: Occupational or environmental exposure to arsenic.
  9. Previous Skin Cancer: A history of skin cancer increases risk.
  10. Xeroderma Pigmentosum: A rare genetic condition increases sensitivity to UV rays.
  11. Chemical Exposure: Contact with certain chemicals may contribute.
  12. Smoking: It can increase the risk of various cancers, including PBCC.
  13. Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Some studies suggest a link.
  14. Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome (Gorlin Syndrome): A genetic condition.
  15. Albinism: Lack of melanin increases sensitivity to UV radiation.
  16. Chronic Wounds: Long-term, non-healing wounds can develop into PBCC.
  17. Previous Radiation Therapy: For other conditions.
  18. Radiation Exposure: Occupational or environmental exposure to radiation.
  19. Immune Disorders: Conditions that weaken the immune system.
  20. Scar Tissue: Previous scars may increase the risk.

Symptoms of Polypoid Basal Cell Carcinoma:

  1. A raised, shiny bump on the skin.
  2. A pink, translucent bump.
  3. Ulceration or crusting of the skin.
  4. Bleeding from the lesion.
  5. A scar-like, depressed area.
  6. A waxy or pearly appearance.
  7. Reddish patches on the skin.
  8. Oozing or discharge from the lesion.
  9. Changes in skin color or texture.
  10. The appearance of blood vessels on the lesion.
  11. Itchiness or tenderness in the affected area.
  12. Slow-growing, persistent bump.
  13. A sore that doesn’t heal.
  14. Growth of a bump over time.
  15. Spread of the lesion to nearby areas.
  16. Difficulty in distinguishing from normal skin.
  17. Sensation of pain in the affected area.
  18. Development of multiple lesions.
  19. Scaliness or roughness of the skin.
  20. Changes in the appearance of moles or birthmarks.

Diagnostic Tests for Polypoid Basal Cell Carcinoma:

  1. Skin Biopsy: A small sample of the lesion is taken for examination.
  2. Dermoscopy: A dermatologist examines the skin lesion with a special magnifying tool.
  3. Confocal Microscopy: Advanced imaging to examine skin layers.
  4. Skin Scrape Cytology: Cells are scraped from the lesion for analysis.
  5. Fine Needle Aspiration: A thin needle is used to extract cells for examination.
  6. Imaging (MRI or CT): To assess the extent of the cancer.
  7. Fluorescence Photography: Using fluorescent dyes to visualize the tumor.
  8. Blood Tests: To check for underlying conditions or genetic predisposition.
  9. Lymph Node Biopsy: If lymph nodes are affected, a biopsy may be needed.
  10. Genetic Testing: To identify genetic factors contributing to PBCC.
  11. Mohs Surgery: A technique where layers of tissue are removed and examined.
  12. Total Body Photography: Monitoring changes in skin over time.
  13. Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: To check for lymph node involvement.
  14. Electron Beam Computed Tomography (EBCT): For imaging specific types.
  15. High-Resolution Ultrasonography: To assess tumor depth.
  16. Reflectance Confocal Microscopy: Real-time imaging of skin layers.
  17. Tissue Staining: To enhance the visibility of cancer cells.
  18. X-rays: To check for metastasis.
  19. Skin Surface Microscopy: To examine the skin surface in detail.
  20. Virtual Biopsy: Computer-generated images to assess skin lesions.

Treatment Options for Polypoid Basal Cell Carcinoma:

  1. Excisional Surgery: Removing the tumor and some surrounding tissue.
  2. Mohs Micrographic Surgery: Layer-by-layer removal and examination.
  3. Curettage and Electrodessication: Scraping and burning the tumor.
  4. Cryotherapy: Freezing the tumor with liquid nitrogen.
  5. Laser Therapy: Using lasers to remove or destroy the lesion.
  6. Radiation Therapy: Targeted radiation to kill cancer cells.
  7. Photodynamic Therapy: Combining light and medication to treat PBCC.
  8. Topical Medications: Creams or gels applied to the lesion.
  9. Immunotherapy: Stimulating the immune system to fight cancer.
  10. Targeted Therapy: Medications targeting specific cancer-related molecules.
  11. Electrochemotherapy: Combining electrical pulses with chemotherapy.
  12. Intralesional Therapy: Injecting medication directly into the tumor.
  13. Radiation Therapy: For hard-to-reach areas or inoperable cases.
  14. Wide Local Excision: Removing a larger area of skin.
  15. Shave Excision: Shaving off the top layer of the tumor.
  16. Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors: Medications that target a specific pathway.
  17. Interferon: An immune system booster used in some cases.
  18. Imiquimod Cream: Stimulates the immune system to attack the tumor.
  19. Vismodegib (Erivedge): Targeted therapy for specific cases.
  20. Sonidegib (Odomzo): Another targeted therapy option.

Medications for Polypoid Basal Cell Carcinoma:

  1. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU): A topical cream that kills cancer cells.
  2. Imiquimod (Aldara): Boosts the immune system to fight PBCC.
  3. Methotrexate: A chemotherapy drug used in some cases.
  4. Vismodegib (Erivedge): A targeted therapy for specific cases.
  5. Sonidegib (Odomzo): Another targeted therapy option.
  6. Interferon: Used as an immune system booster.
  7. Cetuximab (Erbitux): An option for some advanced cases.
  8. Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors: Targeting specific molecular pathways.
  9. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA): Used in photodynamic therapy.
  10. Diclofenac Sodium (Solaraze): A topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
  11. Topical Retinoids: May be used in some cases.
  12. Ingenol Mebutate (Picato): A topical gel used for some lesions.
  13. Bevacizumab (Avastin): An option for advanced cases.
  14. Panitumumab (Vectibix): Used in some cases.
  15. Etoposide: A chemotherapy drug used in specific situations.
  16. Cisplatin: Another chemotherapy option.
  17. Cyclophosphamide: Used in some advanced cases.
  18. Docetaxel: A chemotherapy drug used in certain situations.
  19. Irinotecan: Used for some advanced cases.
  20. Paclitaxel: Another chemotherapy option.

In Conclusion:

Polypoid basal cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer, can be caused by factors like sun exposure, genetics, and immune system conditions. Recognizing symptoms like raised bumps, skin changes, or persistent sores is crucial. Diagnosis involves various tests, including biopsies and imaging. Treatment options range from surgery to medications, depending on the case. Medications like 5-FU and targeted therapies like Vismodegib may be prescribed. Early detection and prompt treatment are vital for managing PBCC effectively. If you suspect any skin abnormalities, consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and guidance.

Disclaimer: Each person’s journey is unique, always seek the advice of a medical professional before trying any treatments to ensure to find the best plan for you. This guide is for general information and educational purposes only. If you or someone are suffering from this disease condition bookmark this page or share with someone who might find it useful! Boost your knowledge and stay ahead in your health journey. Thank you for giving your valuable time to read the article.

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  2. https://www.aad.org/about/burden-of-skin-disease
  3. https://www.usa.gov/federal-agencies/national-institute-of-arthritis-musculoskeletal-and-skin-diseases
  4. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/skin/default.html
  5. https://www.skincancer.org/
  6. https://www.jaad.org/
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References
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