Nipa palm/Nypa fruticans, commonly known as the nipa palm (or simply nipa) or mangrove palm, is a species of palm native to the coastlines and estuarine habitats of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the only palm considered adapted to the mangrove biome. The genus Nypa and the subfamily Nypoideae are monotypic taxa because this species is their only member.[rx]
| Nipa palm Quick Facts | |
|---|---|
| Name: | Nipa palm |
| Scientific Name: | Nypa fruticans |
| Origin | South Asia – Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Southeast Asia, northern Australia and to the Pacific Islands – Solomon, Marianas, Caroline islands |
| Shapes | Large globose syncarp |
| Flesh colors | White |
| Taste | Delicious, creamy |
Nipa palm is native to China, Bangladesh, Ryuku Islands, the Andaman, Sri Lanka, India and Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, Borneo, Vietnam, Maluku, Java, Malaya, Sulawesi, the Philippines, Sumatra, and the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, New Guinea, the Caroline Islands, the Solomon Islands, the Australian Northern Territory and Queensland. It is naturalized in Nigeria, the Mariana Islands, the Society Islands of French Polynesia, Trinidad and Panama.
It is classified as palm and has been declared as a non-threatened palm in South East Asia. It thrives in mangroves areas in Jambi Province but is underutilized. Various parts of nypa tree are utilized such as leaves for thatching, roofing, and nypa sap to make sugar. The young inflorescence before flower opening is tapped to yield a copious sap to make a sugar called gula Malacca, alcohol or vinegar, molasses or treacle.
Young nipa shoots are edible and the flower petals are infused for making aromatic tisane. The heart cabbage is consumed as a vegetable. The white jelly-like endosperm of immature seed is translucent, sweet, and consumed raw or preserved in form of syrup or made into gelatinous sweetmeat balls which are used as an ingredient in Singapore, Malaysia, and also known as Attap chee. Vinegar is made from the sap of the Nipa palm.
Plant description
Nipa palm is a trunkless and clumping palm that grows to the height of 10 meters having a subterranean horizontal stem which grows beneath the ground and rosette leaves and flower stalk grows upwards above the ground surface. Leaves measure 9 meters long and are pinnate, stiffly erect having two ranks of 60 to 130 cm long, stiff, alternating, lanceolate leaflets which are pointing upwards from overlapping stout leaf bases. Leaves have 120 leaflets per leaf and have shiny green upper and powdery lower surface. Rhizomes and leaf bases are light and spongy. Inflorescences are yellow, subterminal, long, sturdy 1 m long stalks which arise from the base of the plant. The stalk has long sheathing spathes and a few ascending spathed branches. Spathes are orange-tipped olive green. Female inflorescence is densely packed and spherical head of flowers. The male inflorescence is a club-shaped spike of closely arranged flowers that emerges from lateral stalks below female inflorescence. Flowers (male) are cream color which is borne on branches and central stalk. Female flowers are lemon yellow and form in the round head size of a golf ball which terminates the central stalk. The flower converts into a brown, fibrous chestnut which is ovoid, angular, 10-15 cm long, and 5-8 cm wide and forms a large and spherical infructescence about 30-45 cm in diameter. The fruit has one seed that is egg-shaped having a homogenous, soft, and edible endosperm.
Culinary uses
- Seeds are consumed raw and imparts delicious and creamy flavor.
- The inflorescence is used to extract a sugary sap.
- It is used to make alcoholic beverages, vinegar, and syrup
- Cook the inflorescence in syrup from extracted from inflorescence to make sweetmeat.
Traditional uses
- In Malaysia, the juice extracted from shoots is mixed with coconut milk to treat herpes.
- In Borneo, the ash of burnt leaves and roots are used for headache and toothache.
- Use the ash with wood tar in blackening teeth.
- The leaf’s decoction is used in the Philippines as a lotion for indolent ulcers.
- It is used for ulcers, toothache, and centipede bites.
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