Infantile esotropia is a form of eye misalignment that appears in the first six months of life. In this condition, one or both eyes turn inward toward the nose ...

Incontinentia Pigmenti (IP) is a rare genetic skin disorder that also affects the teeth, eyes, hair, nails, and sometimes the brain. It is caused by a change ...

Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is a muscle disease that develops slowly and mainly affects adults over the age of 45 or 50. In IBM, two harmful processes happen ...

Inborn Errors of Galactose Metabolism (I.E.G.M.) are rare genetic conditions that affect how the body processes a sugar called galactose (a simple sugar found ...

A periorbital hematoma, often called a “black eye,” is a collection of blood in the tissues around the eye. It looks like bruising—dark blue, purple, or black ...

Traumatic enophthalmos is when an eye appears to have “sunken in” after an injury. In medical terms, it’s the posterior displacement of the eyeball within its ...

Chemical and thermal injuries to the ocular adnexa are serious eye emergencies that affect the tissues surrounding the eyeball—chiefly the eyelids, ...

Orbital compartment syndrome is an emergency condition in which the pressure inside the eye socket (the orbit) rises so quickly and so high that blood cannot ...

Limbic ischemia happens when blood does not reach parts of the limbic system in the brain. The limbic system includes structures like the hippocampus ...

Ptosis, also called blepharoptosis, means the upper eyelid droops too low when the eye looks straight ahead. When this drooping happens after an injury, it is ...

A degloving injury happens when a large section of skin and the fat underneath is torn away from the deeper layers of muscle, bone, or connective tissue. This ...

Orbital emphysema is a condition in which air becomes trapped within the soft tissues of the eye socket (orbit). Picture the orbit as a hollow house around ...

An orbital blow-out fracture is a break in one or more of the thin bones forming the walls of the eye socket, known as the orbit. Unlike fractures involving ...

Orbital rim fractures are breaks in the solid bones that form the border, or “rim,” of the eye socket. These fractures happen when a force hits the side of the ...

Canalicular lacerations are tears or cuts in the small tubes (canaliculi) that drain tears from the eye into the nasal cavity. These tiny ducts lie just inside ...

Eyelid lacerations happen when the delicate skin and soft tissue of the eyelid are cut or torn open. These injuries can range from small nicks to deep wounds ...