Dressler’s Syndrome

Dr. Harun Ar Rashid, MD - Arthritis, Bones, Joints Pain, Trauma, and Internal Medicine Specialist Dr. Harun Ar Rashid, MD - Arthritis, Bones, Joints Pain, Trauma, and Internal Medicine Specialist
1 View
Rx Autoimmune, Genetic and Rare Diseases (A - Z)

Dressler’s syndrome is a type of pericarditis, inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart (pericardium). Inflammation associated with Dressler’s syndrome is believed to be an immune system response following damage to heart tissue or the pericardium, such as a heart attack, surgery or traumatic injury. Dressler’s syndrome symptoms include chest pain, much like that experienced during a heart attack, and fever. With recent improvements in heart attack treatment, Dressler’s syndrome is less common than it used to be. However, once you’ve had this condition, it may happen again. Dressler’s syndrome may also be called postpericardiotomy, post-myocardial infarction syndrome, and post-cardiac injury syndrome. Symptoms are likely to appear weeks to months after a heart attack, surgery or other heart injury.

Dressler’s Syndrome is a condition that affects the sac surrounding the heart (pericardium). It often occurs after a heart attack or heart surgery. In this article, we’ll break down Dressler’s Syndrome in plain English, covering its types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, and drugs.

Dressler’s Syndrome is a complication that can arise after certain heart-related events. It primarily involves inflammation of the pericardium, which is a thin, protective sac around the heart. This inflammation can cause various symptoms and discomfort. Let’s dive deeper into the details.

Types of Dressler’s Syndrome

Dressler’s Syndrome can be categorized into two main types:

  1. Post-Cardiac Injury Syndrome (PCIS): PCIS typically occurs after heart surgery, such as a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or after a heart attack. It’s the most common type of Dressler’s Syndrome.
  2. Post-Myocardial Infarction Syndrome (PMIS): PMIS specifically occurs after a heart attack (myocardial infarction).

Common Causes of Dressler’s Syndrome

  1. Heart Surgery: Dressler’s Syndrome often follows heart surgery procedures like CABG or valve replacement.
  2. Heart Attacks: People who have had a heart attack are at risk.
  3. Autoimmune Reactions: The immune system may mistakenly attack the pericardium.
  4. Trauma: Chest injuries can lead to Dressler’s Syndrome.
  5. Infection: Viral or bacterial infections can trigger it.
  6. Radiation Therapy: After chest radiation, Dressler’s Syndrome can develop.
  7. Medications: Certain drugs, like hydralazine or procainamide, may increase the risk.
  8. Blood Clots: Pulmonary embolism can lead to Dressler’s Syndrome.
  9. Heart Tumors: Benign or malignant tumors near the heart can cause it.
  10. Pericarditis: A previous episode of pericarditis may increase the risk.
  11. Kidney Failure: Dressler’s Syndrome may occur in individuals with kidney problems.
  12. Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis can contribute.
  13. Connective Tissue Disorders: Marfan syndrome or systemic sclerosis can be a factor.
  14. Cancer: Some cancer treatments may lead to Dressler’s Syndrome.
  15. Genetic Factors: A family history may increase susceptibility.
  16. Inflammation: General inflammation in the body can be a trigger.
  17. Surgery Complications: Post-surgical complications can lead to Dressler’s Syndrome.
  18. Heart Valve Issues: Problems with heart valves may contribute.
  19. Heart Transplant: This procedure can also lead to Dressler’s Syndrome.
  20. Unknown Factors: In some cases, the exact cause remains unclear.

Common Symptoms of Dressler’s Syndrome

  1. Chest Pain: A sharp, stabbing pain is a hallmark symptom.
  2. Fever: Elevated body temperature often accompanies the condition.
  3. Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing is a common complaint.
  4. Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired is a symptom.
  5. Dry Cough: Coughing without mucus may occur.
  6. Pericardial Friction Rub: A distinctive rubbing sound can be heard with a stethoscope.
  7. Swelling: Swollen ankles or legs may be observed.
  8. Pain Relieved by Sitting Up: Pain often lessens when sitting forward.
  9. Difficulty Swallowing: Swallowing can be uncomfortable.
  10. Anxiety: A feeling of unease or worry can be present.
  11. Nausea: Feeling sick to the stomach is possible.
  12. Rapid Heartbeat: Heart palpitations may occur.
  13. Loss of Appetite: Reduced hunger can be a symptom.
  14. Weight Loss: Unexplained weight loss may happen.
  15. Muscle Aches: Muscles may feel sore.
  16. Joint Pain: Pain in the joints can be experienced.
  17. Headache: Headaches may occur.
  18. Sweating: Excessive sweating can be a symptom.
  19. Irregular Heartbeat: Arrhythmias may develop.
  20. Feeling Weak: General weakness can be present.

Common Diagnostic Tests for Dressler’s Syndrome

  1. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): Measures heart’s electrical activity.
  2. Chest X-ray: Provides images of the heart and lungs.
  3. Echocardiogram: Uses sound waves to create heart images.
  4. Blood Tests: Check for inflammation markers and cardiac enzymes.
  5. CT Scan: Provides detailed images of the chest.
  6. MRI: Offers high-resolution images of the heart.
  7. Pericardiocentesis: Drains fluid from the pericardium for analysis.
  8. Cardiac Catheterization: Measures blood flow and pressure in the heart.
  9. Holter Monitor: Records continuous ECG data for a period.
  10. Stress Test: Evaluates the heart’s function during physical activity.
  11. Chest CT Angiography: Assesses blood vessels in the chest.
  12. PET Scan: Examines heart metabolism and blood flow.
  13. Pericardial Biopsy: Removes a tissue sample for analysis.
  14. Blood Cultures: Identify any bacterial infections.
  15. CRP Test: Measures C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation.
  16. Sedimentation Rate Test: Detects inflammation in the body.
  17. ANA Test: Checks for autoimmune antibodies.
  18. Rheumatoid Factor Test: Detects markers of autoimmune conditions.
  19. Blood Gas Analysis: Measures oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.
  20. Coronary Angiography: Examines coronary artery health.

Treatment Approaches for Dressler’s Syndrome

  1. Rest: Adequate rest is crucial for recovery.
  2. Pain Management: Medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help.
  3. Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can reduce inflammation.
  4. Colchicine: May be used to prevent recurrence.
  5. Corticosteroids: In severe cases, steroids may be prescribed.
  6. Pericardial Drainage: Removal of excess fluid from the pericardium.
  7. Oxygen Therapy: Helps with breathing difficulties.
  8. Cardiac Rehabilitation: Gradual exercise program to improve heart health.
  9. Immunosuppressive Therapy: For autoimmune-related Dressler’s Syndrome.
  10. Antibiotics: If a bacterial infection is present.
  11. Anticoagulants: Prevent blood clots.
  12. Analgesics: Manage pain effectively.
  13. Diuretics: Reduce fluid retention.
  14. Anti-Anxiety Medications: Alleviate anxiety symptoms.
  15. Nutritional Support: Maintain proper nutrition.
  16. Intravenous Fluids: Ensure hydration.
  17. Elevating the Head of the Bed: Helps reduce discomfort.
  18. Stress Management: Techniques to cope with stress.
  19. Avoiding Trigger Medications: If drug-related.
  20. Regular Follow-Up: Monitoring progress and adjusting treatment.
  21. Lifestyle Changes: Healthy diet and exercise habits.
  22. Emotional Support: Counseling or therapy.
  23. Surgical Intervention: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary.
  24. Fluid Restriction: Limiting fluid intake if needed.
  25. Beta-Blockers: Medications to manage heart rate.
  26. Antiarrhythmics: Treat irregular heart rhythms.
  27. Immune Modulators: Regulate the immune response.
  28. Physical Therapy: Improve muscle strength and mobility.
  29. Breathing Exercises: Enhance lung function.
  30. Patient Education: Understand and manage the condition.

Common Drugs Used in Dressler’s Syndrome

  1. Ibuprofen: Reduces pain and inflammation.
  2. Acetaminophen: Relieves pain and lowers fever.
  3. Colchicine: Prevents pericarditis recurrence.
  4. Prednisone: A corticosteroid for severe inflammation.
  5. Aspirin: Reduces inflammation and prevents blood clots.
  6. Indomethacin: An NSAID for pain and inflammation.
  7. Allopurinol: Manages gout-related Dressler’s Syndrome.
  8. Furosemide: A diuretic to reduce fluid retention.
  9. Warfarin: Prevents blood clots.
  10. Propranolol: A beta-blocker for heart rate control.
  11. Amiodarone: Treats irregular heart rhythms.
  12. Azathioprine: An immunosuppressant for autoimmune cases.
  13. Clopidogrel: Reduces blood clot formation.
  14. Lisinopril: Manages blood pressure and heart health.
  15. Metoprolol: Controls heart rate and blood pressure.
  16. Atorvastatin: Lowers cholesterol levels.
  17. Ranitidine: Helps reduce stomach acid.
  18. Paroxetine: Treats anxiety and depression.
  19. Sertraline: Relieves anxiety and mood disorders.
  20. Omeprazole: Reduces stomach acid production.

Conclusion:

Dressler’s Syndrome, while complex, can be understood in simplified terms. It’s an inflammation of the pericardium, often occurring after heart surgery or a heart attack. Various causes and symptoms can lead to a diagnosis, which involves a range of tests. Treatment options and medications can help manage the condition and improve the patient’s quality of life. Always consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance and care.

 

Disclaimer: Each person’s journey is unique, treatment plan, life style, food habit, hormonal condition, immune system, chronic disease condition, previous medical  history is also unique. So always seek the best advice from a qualified medical professional or health care provider before trying any treatments to ensure to find out the best plan for you. This guide is for general information and educational purposes only. If you or someone are suffering from this disease condition bookmark this website or share with someone who might find it useful! Boost your knowledge and stay ahead in your health journey. Thank you for giving your valuable time to read the article.

  1. https://medlineplus.gov/skinconditions.html
  2. https://www.aad.org/about/burden-of-skin-disease
  3. https://www.usa.gov/federal-agencies/national-institute-of-arthritis-musculoskeletal-and-skin-diseases
  4. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/skin/default.html
  5. https://www.skincancer.org/
  6. https://illnesshacker.com/
  7. https://endinglines.com/
  8. https://www.jaad.org/
  9. https://www.psoriasis.org/about-psoriasis/
  10. https://books.google.com/books?
  11. https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/skin-diseases
  12. https://cms.centerwatch.com/directories/1067-fda-approved-drugs/topic/292-skin-infections-disorders
  13. https://www.fda.gov/files/drugs/published/Acute-Bacterial-Skin-and-Skin-Structure-Infections—Developing-Drugs-for-Treatment.pdf
  14. https://dermnetnz.org/topics
  15. https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/skin-allergy
  16. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/occupational-skin-disease
  17. https://aafa.org/allergies/allergy-symptoms/skin-allergies/
  18. https://www.nibib.nih.gov/
  19. https://rxharun.com/rxharun/rxharun/article-types/skin-care-beauty/skin-diseases-types-symptoms-treatment/
  20. https://www.nei.nih.gov/
  21. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skin_conditions
  22. https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=List_of_skin_diseases&redirect=no
  23. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_condition
  24. https://oxfordtreatment.com/
  25. https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/
  26. https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/w
  27. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health
  28. https://catalog.ninds.nih.gov/
  29. https://www.aarda.org/diseaselist/
  30. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets
  31. https://www.nibib.nih.gov/
  32. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/topics
  33. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/
  34. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics
  35. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/
  36. https://www.niehs.nih.gov
  37. https://www.nimhd.nih.gov/
  38. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics
  39. https://obssr.od.nih.gov/
  40. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics
  41. https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases
  42. https://beta.rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases
  43. https://orwh.od.nih.gov/

References

 

You Might Also Like This :

  1. Dressler’s Syndrome Dressler’s syndrome is a type of pericarditis, inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart (pericardium). Inflammation associated with Dressler’s syndrome is believed to be an immune system response following damage to heart tissue or the pericardium, such as a heart attack, surgery or traumatic injury. Dressler’s syndrome symptoms include chest pain, much like that experienced […]...
  2. Postmyocardial Infarction Syndrome (PMIS) Postmyocardial infarction syndrome (PMIS) is a condition that can occur after a heart attack, also known as a myocardial infarction. This article aims to provide you with a clear and simplified explanation of PMIS, its types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, and medications, making it easier to understand and accessible to a wider audience. Types […]...
  3. Multiple Lentigines Syndrome Multiple Lentigines Syndrome, often known as LEOPARD Syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder causing skin, facial, and heart abnormalities. “Lentigines” refers to multiple small, dark spots on the skin that aren’t raised. Types: LEOPARD Syndrome 1: Resulting from mutations in the PTPN11 gene. LEOPARD Syndrome 2: Resulting from mutations in the RAF1 gene. Causes: Multiple […]...
  4. Keratitis–Ichthyosis–Deafness Syndrome (KID Syndrome) Keratitis–ichthyosis–deafness syndrome, also known as KID syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder that affects various parts of the body, including the skin, eyes, and ears. In this simplified article, we’ll provide you with clear explanations of what KID syndrome is, what causes it, its symptoms, how it’s diagnosed, and the available treatments. KID syndrome is […]...
  5. Cogan’s Syndrome Cogan’s syndrome is defined as nonsyphilitic interstitial keratitis (an inflammation of the eye) and bilateral audiovestibular deficits (hearing problems and dizziness). It is more common in Caucasians than in other races. Onset of the disease is generally a brief episode of inflammatory eye disease, most commonly interstitial keratitis. This eye condition causes pain, lacrimation (tearing of […]...
  6. Goodpasture’s Syndrome Goodpasture’s syndrome is a pulmonary-renal syndrome, which is a group of acute illnesses involving the kidneys and lungs. Goodpasture syndrome includes all of the following conditions: Glomerulonephritis – inflammation of the glomeruli, which are tiny clusters of looping blood vessels in the kidneys that help filter wastes and extra water from     the blood. The presence […]...
  7. SAPHO Syndrome SAPHO syndrome stands for Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis, and Osteitis is a rare condition that affects the skin, bones, and joints. It is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects the skin and bones. It results in painful skin lesions and joint pain, as well as an overgrowth of bone in certain areas. The exact cause of […]...
  8. Chronic Infantile Neurologic Cutaneous Articular (CINCA) Syndrome Chronic infantile neurologic cutaneous and articular (CINCA) syndrome, also known as Neonatal-Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease (NOMID), is a rare, inherited autoimmune disease that primarily affects infants and children. It is characterized by persistent inflammation of the skin, joints, and nervous system, causing a range of symptoms that can affect multiple body systems. The primary symptoms […]...
  9. Howel-Evans Syndrome Howel-Evans syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects the skin and can increase the risk of developing certain types of cancer. In this article, we’ll provide simple explanations for the different aspects of this condition, including types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, and drugs. We aim to make this information accessible and easy to […]...
  10. Irukandji Syndrome Irukandji syndrome is a condition caused by the sting of certain jellyfish, primarily the Irukandji jellyfish. This syndrome can lead to a range of symptoms, some of which can be severe. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll break down Irukandji syndrome into various aspects, providing simple explanations for better understanding. Types of Irukandji Syndrome: Irukandji syndrome […]...
  11. Noonan Syndrome Noonan Syndrome (NS) is a genetic disorder that affects numerous parts of the body. Let’s delve into understanding it in simple terms. A genetic disorder causing unusual facial features, short stature, heart defects, and other physical problems. Types: Classic Noonan Syndrome: The most common type, with typical symptoms. Noonan Syndrome with Multiple Lentigines (NSML): Formerly […]...
  12. Westerhof Syndrome Westerhof Syndrome, a relatively lesser-known condition, has raised curiosity among many. In this article, we aim to provide a clear and concise understanding of Westerhof Syndrome, its various types, potential causes, common symptoms, diagnostic tests, available treatments, and medications. We will break down complex medical jargon into simple terms for easy comprehension, while ensuring that […]...
  13. What is Churg-Strauss syndrome Churg-Strauss syndrome, also known as allergic granulomatosis or eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by accumulated antibodies, inflammation of blood vessels, and abnormal clustering of white blood cells. An allergic reaction or asthma may precede the syndrome’s development by several years. Although Churg-Strauss syndrome patients may have a prior history of […]...
  14. Löfgren Syndrome Löfgren syndrome is a rare medical condition that affects the lungs and lymph nodes. In this article, we will provide simple explanations of Löfgren syndrome, its types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, and medications to help you understand this condition better. Löfgren syndrome, also known as acute sarcoidosis, is a specific form of sarcoidosis, a […]...
  15. Bloom-Torre-Machacek Syndrome Bloom-Torre-Machacek Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that can cause various health problems. In this simplified guide, we’ll break down everything you need to know about this condition in plain English. We’ll cover its types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, and drugs. This information aims to improve readability, visibility, and accessibility for both patients and […]...

To Get Daily Health Newsletter

We don’t spam! Read our privacy policy for more info.

Terms and Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Cookie Policy
Editorial Policy
Advertising Policy
EU User Consent Policy
Correction Policy
Citation Policy
Ethics and Logical Policies
About Us
Contact Us
Newsletter
Career
Sitemap
Advertise with us
Editorial Board Members
Review Board Member
Team RxHarun
Web Developers Team
Guest Posts and Sponsored Posts
Request for Board Member
Women Writers
Download Mobile Apps
Follow us on Social Media
© 2012 - 2025; All rights reserved by authors. Powered by Mediarx International LTD, a subsidiary company of Rx Foundation.
RxHarun
Logo