Ceiba pentandra is a tropical tree of the order Malvales and the family Malvaceae (previously emplaced in the family Bombacaceae), native to Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, northern South America, and (as the variety C. pentandra var guineensis) West Africa. A somewhat smaller variety was introduced to South and Southeast Asia, where it is cultivated.
The tree and the cotton-like fluff obtained from its seed pods are commonly known in English as kapok, a Malay-derived name which originally applied to Bombax ceiba, a native of tropical Asia.[3] In Spanish-speaking countries, the tree is commonly known as “ceiba”. The tree is cultivated for its cotton-like seed fiber, particularly in south-east Asia, and is also known as the Java cotton, Java kapok, silk-cotton or samauma.
| Kapok Quick Facts | |
|---|---|
| Name: | Kapok |
| Scientific Name: | Ceiba pentandra |
| Origin | Tropical America and Africa – Mexico, Central America, northern South America and the Caribbean, and tropical west Africa. |
| Colors | Green turning brown |
| Shapes | Capsule, oblong-ellipsoid |
Native to Mexico, Caribbean, Central America, Northern South America and tropical West Africa, Kapok tree is cultivated widely in Southeast Asia for its seed fiber. Usually it is fast growing attaining the height of 70 meters with trunk diameter 3 meters. The trunk is buttressed with large simple thorns. Crown is thin and pagoda shaped. Leaves are palmate having 5-9 leaflets each. It has several pods which contains seeds covered by fiber which is yellowish, light, water resistant, very buoyant, flammable and resilient. It is used to stuff pillows and mattresses. Seeds are roasted and grounded into powder. Buds, tender leaves and fruits are prepared like okra. Flowers are blanched and consumed with chilli sauce. Dried stamens are added to soups and curries. On the other hand, bark decoction is used as aphrodisiac, diuretic and to treat headache and diabetes. In general, Kapok is used for spasms, fever and bleeding.
Plant description
Ceiba pentandra, Kapok , is an erect, buttressed and deciduous tree which reaches to the height of 15 meters. Trunk is cylindric with grey bark which has scattered and large spines. Branches has distinct horizontal whorls. Leaves are palmately compound which consists of 5 to 8 leaflets, acuminate, glaucous and 6-18 cm long. The flowers are 5-merous, creamy white, numerous and about 3 cm long and is clustered on branchlets. The capsules are dehiscent, pendulous, oblong-ellipsoid measuring 7-15 cm in length. The fruit is green which turns brown when matured. It has brown seeds which is smooth, compressed-globose and embedded in fine and silky hairs.
Fruit
The fruit is a leathery, pendulous, ellipsoid capsule which is 10-30 cm long and 3-6 cm wide. The capsules split into 5 valves disclosing grey woolly hairs which embed 120-175 seeds.
Seed
Seeds are black or dark brown which is covered with wool.
Traditional uses
- Use the plant to provide relief from cough and as hair shampoo.
- The flower decoction is used in French Guiana for constipation.
- Latex is used to treat dysentery, diarrhea, and menorrhagia and provided with milk as cooling laxative for incontinence in children.
- People in Singapore use the pounded leaves with onion and little turmeric and water to treat coughs.
- Infusion made from leaves is used in Java for hoarseness, coughs, urethritis and intestinal catarrh.
- Tender leaves are used to treat gonorrhea in India.
- Leaves are used to clean hair in Java.
- Leaves decoction is used in Senegal, West Africa for inflammation of conjunctivitis.
- Leaves are used to treat lumbago and fatigue.
- In Nigeria, leaves are used as laxative and its infusion is used as a cure for colic.
- Wet poultice of pulped leaves is used in Guinea for maturate tumors.
- Bark is used in Philippines as aphrodisiac and vomitive.
- Brew the bark into decoction for febrile catarrha and used for type 2 diabetes and headaches.
- Bark is used with nutmegs, areca nuts and sugar candy in Java.
- The bark decoction is used in Mexico for diuretic, emetic, antispasmodic properties.
- In Congo, bark decoction is used to provide relief from diarrhea, stomach complaints, blennorrhoea, asthma, heart trouble, hernia.
- Nigerians use the Kapok oil for treating rheumatism.
- In Senegal, decoction of branch bark and stem is used as a gargle for gingivitis and inflamed gums.
- Kapok is used to lower fevers, control bleeding and relax spasms.
- Leaves are used for treating hoarse throats, lumbago, fatigue, coughs, diarrhea and scabies.
- Tender shoots decoction is used as contraceptive.
- Warm the young leaves and combine with palm oil and consume it for heart problems.
- Drink the leaf sap for mental illness.
- The juice extracted from bruised young branches is used for tumors, sprains, sores, whitlows, abscesses.
- Apply the leaf sap for skin infections.
- The leaves macerations are used in baths for treating fevers, fatigue, headache, stiffness of limbs and bleeding of pregnant women.
- Use the bark and leaves for treating bronchial congestion.
- Use it externally for treating headaches and fevers.
- Stem bark decoction is used for hernia, diarrhea, stomach problems, heart problems, gonorrhea, fever, oedema, rickets and asthma.
- Apply the decoction on swollen fingers, sores, wounds, leprous macules and furuncles.
- Flowers are used for constipation.
- Bark decoction is used for catarrh.
- Use the tender fruits as emollient.
- Bark infusion is used as mouthwash in Liberia.
- Bark is used for diarrhea and fevers in Cambodia.
- Bark is used by Malays for colds and asthma in children.
- Roots are used for fevers, dysuria, and gonorrhea in India.
- The compressed fresh leaves are used for dizziness.
- The plant is used in Malaya and India for bowel complaints.
Culinary uses
- Eat young leaves, petals, and immature fruits as vegetables.
- Cook or consume young capsules fresh.
- Seeds are roasted or added to soups.
- Inner parts of young capsules are consumed as vegetables in Thailand.
- In West Africa, young leaves are consumed as soup herbs.
- It is also consumed in the form of sprouts.
- Seeds are toasted in Java, Celebes, and Peninsular Malaysia.
- Oil is extracted from seeds.
- Add dried stamens to hot and sour soup and curries.
- Use the wood ashes as the substitute for salt.
Precautions
- The fiber is irritating to the eyes, throat, and nose.
- Exposure to kapok dust for long periods causes chronic bronchitis.
References
