Palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK)

Dr. Harun Ar Rashid, MD - Arthritis, Bones, Joints Pain, Trauma, and Internal Medicine Specialist Dr. Harun Ar Rashid, MD - Arthritis, Bones, Joints Pain, Trauma, and Internal Medicine Specialist
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Rx Dermatology (A-Z)

Palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) is a skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet becomes thickened and rough.

Types:

  1. Diffuse PPK: The thickening covers most of the palms and soles.
  2. Focal PPK: Thickening is in specific areas or patches.
  3. Punctate PPK: Small bumps appear on the palms and soles.
  4. Striate PPK: Long strips or lines of thickened skin appear.

Causes:

  1. Genetic: Some people inherit it from their parents.
  2. Infections: Like skin viruses.
  3. Friction: Continuous rubbing or pressure.
  4. Cancer: Some internal cancers can show PPK as a symptom.
  5. Medications: Some drugs can cause PPK.
  6. Endocrine disorders: Problems with glands like the thyroid.
  7. Malnutrition: Lack of proper nutrients.
  8. Toxins: Exposure to certain chemicals.
  9. Immune disorders: Problems with the body’s defense system.
  10. Chronic Kidney Disease: Issues with the kidneys.
  11. Liver disease: Problems with the liver.
  12. HIV: The virus that causes AIDS.
  13. Syphilis: A sexually transmitted disease.
  14. Fungal infections: Like athlete’s foot.
  15. Psoriasis: A skin condition with red, itchy patches.
  16. Eczema: Itchy and inflamed skin.
  17. Burns: From heat or chemicals.
  18. Injury: Physical damage to the skin.
  19. Allergies: Reaction to something touching the skin.
  20. Idiopathic: Unknown cause.

Symptoms:

  1. Thick skin: On palms and soles.
  2. Dryness: Skin feels very dry.
  3. Cracking: Skin can crack open.
  4. Pain: Especially when walking or using hands.
  5. Itching: The skin can be itchy.
  6. Redness: The skin can look red.
  7. Blisters: Small pockets of fluid can form.
  8. Peeling: Skin may peel off.
  9. Burning: A burning sensation on the skin.
  10. Sensitivity: Increased sensitivity to touch.
  11. Reduced sweat: Less sweat production.
  12. Rough texture: Skin feels rough.
  13. Odor: Unpleasant smell due to infections.
  14. Difficulty walking: Due to pain in the feet.
  15. Joint pain: Especially in the fingers.
  16. Nail changes: Nails can become thick or discolored.
  17. Corns and calluses: Hardened skin areas.
  18. Swelling: In the affected areas.
  19. Skin discoloration: Dark or light patches.
  20. Warmth: Affected areas might feel warm.

Diagnostic Tests:

  1. Physical exam: Doctor looks at the skin.
  2. Skin biopsy: A small skin sample is tested.
  3. Blood tests: To check for related issues.
  4. Genetic testing: To see if it’s inherited.
  5. Patch tests: To check for allergies.
  6. Skin scraping: To check for fungal infections.
  7. X-rays: To see bone changes from walking differently.
  8. Culture test: To check for bacteria or viruses.
  9. Thyroid tests: For endocrine disorders.
  10. Kidney function tests: To assess kidney health.
  11. Liver function tests: To assess liver health.
  12. HIV test: If suspecting HIV.
  13. Syphilis test: If suspecting syphilis.
  14. Immunoglobulin test: For immune system disorders.
  15. Allergy tests: For suspected allergens.
  16. Urine test: For kidney or other issues.
  17. Dermatoscopy: Examining skin using a special magnifying tool.
  18. Microscopy: Looking at skin cells under a microscope.
  19. Molecular testing: For specific gene changes.
  20. Imaging: Like MRI to see internal changes.

Treatments:

  1. Moisturizers: To keep skin soft.
  2. Keratolytics: Creams to thin the skin.
  3. Steroid creams: Reduce inflammation.
  4. Antifungals: For fungal infections.
  5. Antibiotics: For bacterial infections.
  6. Antivirals: For viral infections.
  7. Protective padding: For feet.
  8. Orthotic devices: For shoe comfort.
  9. Physical therapy: To help with movement.
  10. Ultraviolet (UV) therapy: Light treatment.
  11. Laser therapy: To remove thick skin.
  12. Cryotherapy: Using cold to treat skin.
  13. Vitamin A creams: Helps skin renewal.
  14. Pain relievers: For pain management.
  15. Anti-itch creams: To reduce itching.
  16. Botulinum toxin: Reduces sweating.
  17. Iontophoresis: Uses electricity to push medicine into skin.
  18. Surgery: To remove very thick skin.
  19. Oral retinoids: Medicines derived from Vitamin A.
  20. Immunosuppressants: Reduces the body’s immune reaction.
  21. Photodynamic therapy: Using light and a special drug.
  22. Avoid irritants: Keeping away from triggers.
  23. Regular foot care: To prevent problems.
  24. Wart removal: For related warts.
  25. Wearing gloves: To protect hands.
  26. Therapeutic shoes: Special shoes for foot comfort.
  27. Dietary changes: If related to nutrition.
  28. Counseling: For emotional support.
  29. Soaking feet: In lukewarm water with added salts.
  30. Regular skin checkups: To monitor condition.

Drugs:

  1. Salicylic acid: Softens thick skin.
  2. Urea: Helps moisturize.
  3. Clobetasol: A strong steroid.
  4. Fluconazole: Antifungal.
  5. Tetracycline: Antibiotic.
  6. Acitretin: Oral retinoid.
  7. Methotrexate: Immunosuppressant.
  8. Coal tar: Helps with skin renewal.
  9. Benzoyl peroxide: Treats and prevents infections.
  10. Calcineurin inhibitors: Reduces skin inflammation.
  11. Emollients: Soothing agents.
  12. Itraconazole: Antifungal.
  13. Amorolfine: For fungal nail infections.
  14. Ciclosporin: Immunosuppressant.
  15. Alitretinoin: Oral retinoid.
  16. Hydrocortisone: Mild steroid.
  17. Terbinafine: Antifungal.
  18. Botox (Botulinum toxin): For excessive sweating.
  19. Antihistamines: Reduce itching.
  20. Corticosteroids: Reduce inflammation.

To sum up, PPK is a condition where the skin on palms and soles thickens. It has many potential causes, symptoms, and treatments. Always consult a dermatologist if you suspect you have PPK or any other skin condition.

 

Disclaimer: Each person’s journey is unique, always seek the advice of a medical professional before trying any treatments to ensure to find the best plan for you. This guide is for general information and educational purposes only. If you or someone are suffering from this disease condition bookmark this page or share with someone who might find it useful! Boost your knowledge and stay ahead in your health journey. Thank you for giving your valuable time to read the article.

  1. https://medlineplus.gov/skinconditions.html
  2. https://www.aad.org/about/burden-of-skin-disease
  3. https://www.usa.gov/federal-agencies/national-institute-of-arthritis-musculoskeletal-and-skin-diseases
  4. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/skin/default.html
  5. https://www.skincancer.org/
  6. https://www.jaad.org/
  7. https://www.psoriasis.org/about-psoriasis/
  8. https://books.google.com/books?
  9. https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/skin-diseases
  10. https://cms.centerwatch.com/directories/1067-fda-approved-drugs/topic/292-skin-infections-disorders
  11. https://www.fda.gov/files/drugs/published/Acute-Bacterial-Skin-and-Skin-Structure-Infections—Developing-Drugs-for-Treatment.pdf
  12. https://dermnetnz.org/topics
  13. https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/skin-allergy
  14. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/occupational-skin-disease
  15. https://aafa.org/allergies/allergy-symptoms/skin-allergies/
  16. https://www.nibib.nih.gov/
  17. https://rxharun.com/rxharun/rxharun/article-types/skin-care-beauty/skin-diseases-types-symptoms-treatment/
  18. https://www.nei.nih.gov/
  19. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skin_conditions
  20. https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=List_of_skin_diseases&redirect=no
  21. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_condition
  22. https://oxfordtreatment.com/
  23. https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/
  24. https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/w
  25. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health
  26. https://catalog.ninds.nih.gov/
  27. https://www.aarda.org/diseaselist/
  28. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets
  29. https://www.nibib.nih.gov/
  30. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/topics
  31. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/
  32. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics
  33. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/
  34. https://www.niehs.nih.gov
  35. https://www.nimhd.nih.gov/
  36. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics
  37. https://obssr.od.nih.gov/
  38. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics
  39. https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases
  40. https://beta.rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases
  41. https://orwh.od.nih.gov/

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