Endocrine diseases are disorders of the endocrine system. The branch of medicine associated with endocrine disorders is known as endocrinology. Hormones are molecules that act as signals from one type of cells to another. Most hormones reach their targets via the blood.
All multicellular organisms need “coordinating systems to regulate and integrate the function of differentiating cells.” Two mechanisms perform this function in higher animals: the nervous system and the endocrine system. The endocrine system acts through the release (generally into the blood) of chemical agents and is vital to the proper development and function of organisms. As Hadley notes,[1] the integration of developmental events such as proliferation, growth, and differentiation (including histogenesis and organogenesis) and the coordination of metabolism, respiration, excretion, movement, reproduction, and sensory perception depend on “chemical cues, substances synthesised and secreted by the specialised cells within the animals hair.”
Endocrinology is concerned with the study of the biosynthesis, storage, chemistry, and physiological function of hormones and with the cells of the endocrine glands and tissues that secrete them.
The endocrine system consists of several glands, in different parts of the body, that secrete hormones directly into the blood rather than into a duct system. Hormones have many different functions and modes of action; one hormone may have several effects on different target organs, and, conversely, one target organ may be affected by more than one hormone.
List of diseases
Disease of the pancreas and glucose metabolism
- Types
- type 1
- type 2
- gestational
- MODY 1 2 3 4 5 6
- Complications
- See Template:Diabetes
- Hyperglycemia
- Oxyhyperglycemia
- Hypoglycemia
- Whipple’s triad
- Insulin resistance
- Hyperinsulinism
- Congenital hyperinsulinism
- Rabson–Mendenhall syndrome
- Pancreatic beta cell function
- Insulinoma
- Insulitis
Hypothalamic disease
- Kallmann syndrome
- Adiposogenital dystrophy
- Tertiary adrenal insufficiency
- Neurogenic diabetes insipidus
- Hypothalamic hamartoma
Pituitary disease
- Acromegaly
- Hyperprolactinaemia
- Pituitary ACTH hypersecretion
- SIADH
- Nelson’s syndrome
- Hypophysitis
- Kallmann syndrome
- Growth hormone deficiency
- Isolated growth hormone deficiency
- Hypoprolactinemia
- ACTH deficiency/Secondary adrenal insufficiency
- GnRH insensitivity
- FSH insensitivity
- LH/hCG insensitivity
- Central diabetes insipidus
- Empty sella syndrome
- Pituitary apoplexy
- Sheehan’s syndrome
- Lymphocytic hypophysitis
- Pituitary adenoma
Thyroid disease
- Iodine deficiency
- Cretinism
- Congenital hypothyroidism
- Myxedema
- Myxedema coma
- Euthyroid sick syndrome
- Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome
- Signs and symptoms
- Queen Anne’s sign
- Woltman sign
- Myoedema
- Thyroid dyshormonogenesis
- Pickardt syndrome
- Hypothyroid myopathy
- KDSS
- Hoffmann syndrome
- LEMS
- Atrophic type
- Hyperthyroxinemia
- Thyroid hormone resistance
- Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia
- Hashitoxicosis
- Thyrotoxicosis factitia
- Thyroid storm
- Amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis
- Hyperthyroid myopathy
- Signs and symptoms
- Abadie’s sign of exophthalmic goiter
- Boston’s sign
- Dalrymple’s sign
- Stellwag’s sign
- lid lag
- Griffith’s sign
- Möbius sign
- Pretibial myxedema
- Graves’ ophthalmopathy
- Acute infectious
- Subacute
- De Quervain’s
- Subacute lymphocytic
- Palpation
- Autoimmune/chronic
- Hashimoto’s
- Postpartum
- Riedel’s
- Goitre
- Endemic goitre
- Toxic nodular goiter
- Toxic multinodular goiter
- Thyroid nodule
- Colloid nodule
Parathyroid disease
- Pseudohypoparathyroidism
- Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
- Osteitis fibrosa cystica
- Parathyroiditis
Adrenal gland disorder
- Hyperaldosteronism
- Primary aldosteronism
- Conn syndrome
- Bartter syndrome
- Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism
- AME
- Liddle’s syndrome
- 17α CAH
- Pseudohypoaldosteronism
- Cushing’s syndrome
- Pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome
- Steroid-induced osteoporosis
- 21α CAH
- 11β CAH
- Hypoaldosteronism
- 21α CAH
- 11β CAH
- CAH
- Lipoid
- 3β
- 11β
- 17α
- 21α
- 17α CAH
- Inborn errors of steroid metabolism
- Adrenal crisis
- Adrenalitis
- Xanthogranulomatous
- Addison’s disease
- Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome
Gonadal disorder
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Premature ovarian failure
- Hyperthecosis
- 5α-reductase 2 deficiency
- 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency
- Aromatase excess syndrome
- Androgen insensitivity syndrome
- Mild androgen insensitivity syndrome
- Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome
- Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
- Familial male-limited precocious puberty
- Sertoli cell-only syndrome
- Hypogonadism
- Delayed puberty
- Hypergonadism
- Precocious puberty
- Hypoandrogenism
- Hypoestrogenism
- Hyperandrogenism
- Hyperestrogenism
- Postorgasmic illness syndrome
- Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency
- Cytochrome b5 deficiency
- Androgen-dependent condition
- Aromatase deficiency
- Estrogen insensitivity syndrome
- Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism
- Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
- Fertile eunuch syndrome
- Estrogen-dependent condition
- Premature thelarche
- Gonadotropin insensitivity
- Hypergonadotropic hypergonadism
Others
- Dwarfism
- Primordial dwarfism
- Laron syndrome
- Psychosocial
- Ateliosis
- Gigantism
- Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome
- APS1
- APS2
- Carcinoid syndrome
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia
- 1
- 2A
- 2B
- Progeria
- Werner syndrome
- Acrogeria
- Metageria
- Woodhouse–Sakati syndrome
Glucose homeostasis disorders
- Diabetes
- Type 1 Diabetes
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Gestational Diabetes
- Mature Onset Diabetes of the Young
- Diabetic myopathy[3][4]
- Hypoglycemia[citation needed]
- Idiopathic hypoglycemia
- Insulinoma
- Glucagonoma
Thyroid disorders
- Goitre
- Hyperthyroidism
- Graves-Basedow disease
- Toxic multinodular goitre
- Thyrotoxic myopathy
- Hypothyroidism
- Hypothyroid myopathies[5]
- Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome
- Hoffmann syndrome
- Myasthenic syndrome
- Atrophic form
- Hypothyroid myopathies[5]
- Thyroiditis
- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
- Thyroid cancer
- Thyroid hormone resistance
Calcium homeostasis disorders and Metabolic bone disease
- Parathyroid gland disorders
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Primary hyperparathyroidism
- Secondary hyperparathyroidism
- Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
- Hyperparathyroid myopathy[6]
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Pseudohypoparathyroidism
- Hypoparathyroid myopathy[6]
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Osteoporosis
- Osteitis deformans (Paget’s disease of bone)
- Rickets
- Osteomalacia
Pituitary gland disorders
Posterior pituitary
- Diabetes insipidus
- Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
Anterior pituitary
- Hypopituitarism (or Panhypopituitarism)
- Pituitary tumors
- Pituitary adenomas
- Prolactinoma (or Hyperprolactinemia)
- Acromegaly, gigantism, dwarfism
- Cushing’s disease
Adrenal gland disorders
- Addison’s disease
- Adrenal crisis
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Adrenal tumour
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- Hypercortisolism (Cushing’s disease)
- Steroid myopathy[6]
- Hypoaldosteronism
- Hyperaldosteronism
Sex hormone disorders
- Disorders of sex development or intersex disorders
- Hermaphroditism
- Gonadal dysgenesis
- Androgen insensitivity syndromes
- Hypogonadism (Gonadotropin deficiency)
- Inherited (genetic and chromosomal) disorders
- Kallmann syndrome
- Klinefelter syndrome
- Turner syndrome
- Acquired disorders
- Ovarian failure (also known as Premature Menopause)
- Testicular failure
- Testosterone deficiency myopathy[6]
- Inherited (genetic and chromosomal) disorders
- Disorders of Puberty
- Delayed puberty
- Precocious puberty
- Menstrual function or fertility disorders
- Amenorrhea
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Tumours of the endocrine glands not mentioned elsewhere
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia
- MEN type 1
- MEN type 2a
- MEN type 2b
- Carcinoid syndrome
See also separate organs
- Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes
- Incidentaloma – an unexpected finding on diagnostic imaging, often of endocrine glands
- In endocrinology, medical emergencies include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, hypoglycemic coma, acute adrenocortical insufficiency, phaeochromocytoma crisis, hypercalcemic crisis, thyroid storm, myxoedema coma and pituitary apoplexy.[7]
A
- Adiposis dolorosa
- Adipsia
- Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome
- Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1
- Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2
- Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 3
- Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets
- Adrenomedullin
- Aldosterone-to-renin ratio
- Androgen deprivation therapy
- Angiotensin
- Angiotensin (1-7)
- Appetite
B
- Bone health
- Behavioral endocrinology
- Blood sugar regulation
- Breast development
C
- Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome
- Chondrodysplasia Blomstrand
- Cushing’s syndrome (veterinary)
- Comparative endocrinology
- Corticosteroid
- Cystic fibrosis–related diabetes
D
- Diabetes insipidus
- Diabetes
- Development of the endocrine system
E
- Endemic goitre
- Endocrine bone disease
- Ectopic hormone
- Endocrine disease
- Endocrine disruptor
- Endocrinology of parenting
- Endocrinology of reproduction
- Estrogen deprivation therapy
- Estrogen in Venous Thromboembolism Trial
- Estrogenic fat
- European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence
F
- Familial hyperaldosteronism
- Feline hyperthyroidism
- Fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency
- Feminization (biology)
G
- Galactorrhea hyperprolactinemia
- Goitre
- Gynecomastia
- Gastrointestinal hormone
- Glucose uptake
- Glycemic index
- Griffith’s sign
H
- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
- Hyperphenylalaninemia
- Hypersomatotropism (veterinary)
- Hypervolemia
- Hypothyroidism
- Hypothyroidism in dogs
- H295R
- Hepatokine
- HGH controversies
- Homeostatic model assessment
- Hormone
I
- Idiopathic short stature
- Incidental imaging finding
- List of instruments used in endocrinology
- Insulin-like growth factor
- Iodised salt
J
- Jod-Basedow phenomenon
K
- Kocher’s sign
- Kussmaul breathing
L
- Late-onset hypogonadism
- Lee–Boot effect
- List of clinical studies of hormonal birth control
- List of clinical studies of menopausal hormone therapy
- Lundh’s test
- List of instruments used in endocrinology
- Insulin-like growth factor
- Iodised salt
- Liddle’s syndrome
M
- Metabolic syndrome
- Mobile encapsulated fat necrosis
- Macroprolactin
- Mecasermin
- Menopause
- Menopause, Estrogen and Venous Events
- Metabolic disorder
- Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance
- Metalloestrogen
- Möbius sign
O
- Osteopenia
- Osteoporosis
- Endocrine oncology
- Our Stolen Future
P
- Pickardt syndrome
- Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
- POEMS syndrome
- Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
- Pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis
- Premature thelarche
- Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease
- Pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome
- Pancreatic stellate cell
- Pediatric endocrinology
- Pheromone
- Phytoestrogen
- Postprandial dip
- Pregnane
- Allopregnane
- 5β-Pregnane
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
R
- ROHHAD
- RAR-related orphan receptor
- Renin–angiotensin system
- Reproductive medicine
- Reproductive-cell cycle theory
- Resistin
S
- Secretagogue
- SPINA-GBeta
- SPINA-GR
- Steroid sulfatase
- Study of Transition, Outcomes, and Gender
T
- Thyroid cancer
- Tanner scale
- The Great Pheromone Myth
- Thelarche
- Thyroglobulin
- Triiodothyronine
V
- Vandenbergh effect
W
- Wildlife endocrinology
- Women’s Health Initiative
X
- Xenoestrogen
- Xenohormone
- X-linked recessive hypoparathyroidism
List of endocrine diseases
Among the hundreds of endocrine diseases (or endocrinological diseases) are:
- Adrenal disorders:
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Addison’s disease
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome)
- Mineralocorticoid deficiency
- Conn’s syndrome
- Cushing’s syndrome
- Pheochromocytoma
- Adrenocortical carcinoma
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Glucose homeostasis disorders:
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hypoglycemia
- Idiopathic hypoglycemia
- Insulinoma
- Metabolic bone disease:
- Osteoporosis
- Osteitis deformans (Paget’s disease of bone)
- Rickets and osteomalacia
- Pituitary gland disorders:
- Diabetes insipidus
- Hypopituitarism (or Panhypopituitarism)
- Pituitary tumors
- Pituitary adenomas
- Prolactinoma (or Hyperprolactinemia)
- Acromegaly, gigantism
- Cushing’s disease
- Parathyroid gland disorders:
- Primary hyperparathyroidism
- Secondary hyperparathyroidism
- Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Pseudohypoparathyroidism
- Sex hormone disorders:
- Disorders of sex development or intersex disorders
- Hermaphroditism
- Gonadal dysgenesis
- Androgen insensitivity syndromes
- Hypogonadism
- Gonadotropin deficiency
- Kallmann syndrome
- Klinefelter syndrome
- Ovarian failure
- Testicular failure
- Turner syndrome
- Disorders of Gender
- Gender identity disorder
- Disorders of Puberty
- Delayed puberty
- Precocious puberty
- Menstrual function or fertility disorders
- Amenorrhea
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Disorders of sex development or intersex disorders
- Thyroid disorders:
- Hyperthyroidism and Graves-Basedow disease
- Hypothyroidism
- Thyroiditis
- Thyroid cancer
- Tumours of the endocrine glands not mentioned elsewhere
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia
- MEN type 1
- MEN type 2a
- MEN type 2b
- See also separate organs
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia
- Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes
- Incidentaloma – an unexpected finding on diagnostic imaging, often of endocrine glands
List of 1000 Endocrinological disease and disorders
Here’s a plain list of endocrinological diseases and disorders (concise names, no extra descriptions). I’ve included a large set to get you moving fast:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA)
Ketosis-prone type 1 diabetes
Fulminant type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose)
Prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance)
Gestational diabetes mellitus
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY)
MODY 1 (HNF4A)
MODY 2 (GCK)
MODY 3 (HNF1A)
MODY 4 (PDX1)
MODY 5 (HNF1B)
MODY 6 (NEUROD1)
MODY 7 (KLF11)
MODY 8 (CEL)
MODY 9 (PAX4)
MODY 10 (INS)
MODY 11 (BLK)
MODY 12 (ABCC8)
MODY 13 (KCNJ11)
Neonatal diabetes mellitus (transient)
Neonatal diabetes mellitus (permanent)
Post-pancreatectomy diabetes (type 3c)
Pancreatogenic diabetes (type 3c, chronic pancreatitis)
Cystic fibrosis–related diabetes
Hemochromatosis-related diabetes
Steroid-induced hyperglycemia
Stress hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia (general)
Insulinoma-related hypoglycemia
Non-insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia (NIPHS)
Factitious hypoglycemia (insulin)
Factitious hypoglycemia (sulfonylurea)
Reactive (postprandial) hypoglycemia
Alcohol-induced hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia unawareness
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)
Diabetic neuropathy (autonomic)
Diabetic neuropathy (peripheral)
Diabetic nephropathy
Diabetic retinopathy (non-proliferative)
Diabetic retinopathy (proliferative)
Diabetic foot disease
Diabetic dermopathy
Necrobiosis lipoidica (diabeticorum)
Diabetic cheiroarthropathy
Metabolic syndrome
Primary hypothyroidism
Autoimmune (Hashimoto) thyroiditis
Postpartum thyroiditis
Silent (painless) thyroiditis
Subacute (de Quervain) thyroiditis
Iodine-deficiency hypothyroidism
Drug-induced hypothyroidism (amiodarone)
Drug-induced hypothyroidism (lithium)
Central (secondary) hypothyroidism
Myxedema coma
Primary hyperthyroidism
Graves disease
Toxic multinodular goiter
Toxic adenoma (Plummer disease)
Thyrotoxicosis factitia
Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (type 1)
Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (type 2)
Subclinical hypothyroidism
Subclinical hyperthyroidism
Euthyroid sick syndrome
Congenital hypothyroidism (dyshormonogenesis)
Congenital hypothyroidism (thyroid dysgenesis)
Thyroid storm
Simple (nontoxic) goiter
Multinodular goiter (nontoxic)
Thyroid nodule (benign)
Papillary thyroid carcinoma
Follicular thyroid carcinoma
Hürthle cell carcinoma
Medullary thyroid carcinoma
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
Thyroid lymphoma
Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome (RTHβ)
Thyroid hormone resistance (RTHα)
TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma (thyrotropinoma)
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Parathyroid adenoma
Parathyroid hyperplasia
Parathyroid carcinoma
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH)
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (chronic kidney disease)
Hypoparathyroidism (postsurgical)
Autoimmune hypoparathyroidism
Genetic hypoparathyroidism (DiGeorge syndrome)
Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A
Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1B
Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 2
Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism
Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism
Pituitary adenoma (nonfunctioning)
Prolactinoma (hyperprolactinemia)
Acromegaly (GH-secreting adenoma)
Gigantism
Cushing disease (ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma)
TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma
Gonadotroph adenoma
Diabetes insipidus (central)
Diabetes insipidus (nephrogenic)
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
Hypopituitarism (panhypopituitarism)
Sheehan syndrome
Empty sella syndrome
Pituitary apoplexy
Craniopharyngioma (endocrine effects)
Hypothalamic amenorrhea
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism)
Functional hypothalamic hypogonadism (stress/weight loss)
Hyperprolactinemia (drug-induced)
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (pituitary involvement)
Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease)
Autoimmune adrenalitis
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (classic 21-hydroxylase)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (nonclassic 21-hydroxylase)
CAH due to 11β-hydroxylase deficiency
CAH due to 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency
CAH due to 3β-HSD deficiency
CAH due to StAR deficiency (lipoid CAH)
CAH due to P450 oxidoreductase deficiency
Hypoaldosteronism (primary)
Hypoaldosteronism (type 4 RTA)
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2 (Gordon syndrome)
Hyperaldosteronism (primary, Conn syndrome)
Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (PA)
Familial hyperaldosteronism type I (GRA)
Familial hyperaldosteronism type II
Adrenal Cushing syndrome (adrenal adenoma)
Ectopic ACTH syndrome
Pheochromocytoma
Paraganglioma (catecholamine-secreting)
Adrenocortical carcinoma
Adrenal incidentaloma (functional)
Adrenal incidentaloma (nonfunctional)
Hyperandrogenism (adrenal)
11-Deoxycorticosterone excess hypertension
Apparent mineralocorticoid excess
Glucocorticoid resistance syndrome
Primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PMAH)
ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (athletic)
Primary ovarian insufficiency
Hyperthecosis
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Luteal phase defect
Premature thelarche
Precocious puberty (central)
Precocious puberty (peripheral)
Delayed puberty (hypogonadotropic)
Delayed puberty (hypergonadotropic)
Androgen-secreting ovarian tumor
Estrogen-secreting ovarian tumor (granulosa cell)
Aromatase excess syndrome
Aromatase deficiency
5α-reductase deficiency (DSD)
Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome
Müllerian agenesis (MRKH; endocrine evaluation)
Hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea
Male hypogonadism (primary)
Male hypogonadism (secondary)
Klinefelter syndrome (endocrine)
Anorchia (vanishing testis syndrome)
Testicular failure (mumps orchitis)
Leydig cell tumor (androgen excess)
Sertoli cell tumor (estrogen excess)
Gynecomastia (endocrine causes)
Erectile dysfunction (endocrine)
Delayed puberty (boys; endocrine)
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)
MEN1—parathyroid hyperplasia/adenomas
MEN1—pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
MEN1—pituitary adenomas
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A)
MEN2A—medullary thyroid carcinoma
MEN2A—pheochromocytoma
MEN2A—primary hyperparathyroidism
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN2B)
MEN2B—medullary thyroid carcinoma
MEN2B—pheochromocytoma
MEN2B—mucosal neuromas/marfanoid habitus
Familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC)
Carney complex
Von Hippel–Lindau (endocrine tumors)
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (pheochromocytoma risk)
Tuberous sclerosis (endocrine tumors)
Cowden syndrome (PTEN; thyroid disease)
Li-Fraumeni (adrenocortical carcinoma risk)
McCune–Albright syndrome
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (insulinoma)
Pancreatic NET (gastrinoma)
Pancreatic NET (glucagonoma)
Pancreatic NET (VIPoma)
Pancreatic NET (somatostatinoma)
Pancreatic NET (PPoma)
Nonfunctioning pancreatic NET
Carcinoid syndrome (endocrine aspects)
Ectopic ACTH-producing tumor (NET)
Ectopic CRH-producing tumor
Obesity (endocrine causes)
Leptin deficiency (congenital)
Leptin receptor deficiency
MC4R deficiency (monogenic obesity)
POMC deficiency
PCSK1 deficiency
Hypothalamic obesity (post-craniopharyngioma)
Cushing syndrome (exogenous glucocorticoids)
Cushing syndrome (endogenous, generalized)
Pseudo-Cushing states
Osteoporosis (postmenopausal)
Osteoporosis (male hypogonadism)
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
Hyperparathyroid bone disease
Osteomalacia (vitamin D deficiency)
Rickets (nutritional)
Hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH)
Tumor-induced osteomalacia (FGF23)
Osteogenesis imperfecta (endocrine care)
Paget disease of bone (endocrine management)
Hypercalcemia of malignancy (PTHrP)
Milk-alkali syndrome
Vitamin D intoxication
Sarcoidosis-related hypercalcemia
Granulomatous disease–related hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia (postsurgical)
Hypocalcemia (vitamin D deficiency)
Hypomagnesemia-related hypocalcemia
Hypermagnesemia (endocrine)
Hyperphosphatemia (endocrine)
Hyperprolactinemia (macroprolactin)
Macroprolactinoma
Microprolactinoma
Drug-induced hyperprolactinemia (antipsychotics)
Prolactin deficiency (rare)
Growth hormone deficiency (childhood)
Growth hormone deficiency (adult)
Laron syndrome (GH receptor deficiency)
IGF-1 deficiency (primary)
IGF-1 resistance
Hypercortisolism (ACTH-dependent)
Hypercortisolism (ACTH-independent)
Adrenal androgen excess (DHEA-S)
Adrenal medullary hyperplasia
Isolated mineralocorticoid deficiency
Thyroid eye disease (Graves orbitopathy)
Pretibial myxedema
Thyroid acropachy
Thyroid hormone over-replacement (iatrogenic)
Thyroid hormone under-replacement (iatrogenic)
Post-bariatric hypoglycemia
Dumping syndrome (endocrine aspects)
Nesidioblastosis (adult)
Congenital hyperinsulinism (ABCC8/KCNJ11)
Congenital hyperinsulinism (GLUD1)
Congenital hyperinsulinism (HNF4A)
Congenital hyperinsulinism (HNF1A)
Congenital hyperinsulinism (GCK)
Congenital hyperinsulinism (HK1)
Congenital hyperinsulinism (KATP channel defects)
Hypertriglyceridemia (endocrine-related)
Hypoglycemic disorders of infancy (ketotic)
Alström syndrome (endocrine)
Bardet–Biedl syndrome (endocrine)
Prader–Willi syndrome (endocrine)
Turner syndrome (endocrine)
Noonan syndrome (endocrine)
46,XY gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer)
46,XX testicular DSD
Congenital hypothalamic hamartoma (precocious puberty)
Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM)
Steroid-induced osteoporosis
Aromatase inhibitor–induced bone loss
Anti-androgen–induced gynecomastia
Hyperestrogenism (cirrhosis-related, endocrine)
Hypoestrogenism (premature ovarian insufficiency)
Hyperandrogenism (ovarian)
Hyperandrogenism (adrenal)
Hirsutism (endocrine)
Virilization (endocrine)
Euthyroid goiter (pregnancy-related)
Thyroiditis (radiation-induced)
Riedel thyroiditis
IgG4-related thyroid disease
Subclinical Cushing syndrome (adrenal incidentaloma)
Cyclical Cushing syndrome
Nelson syndrome (post-adrenalectomy)
Ectopic CRH syndrome
Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia
Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease
Hypothalamic obesity (ROHHAD)
Hyperinsulinemic edema
Lipodystrophy (generalized)
Lipodystrophy (partial familial)
HIV-associated lipodystrophy (endocrine)
Insulin resistance syndrome (severe, genetic)
Type A insulin resistance
Type B insulin resistance (autoimmune)
Acanthosis nigricans (endocrine/metabolic)
Hyperuricemia (endocrine association)
Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy
Hypothyroidism in pregnancy
Gestational transient thyrotoxicosis
Postpartum hypopituitarism (Sheehan)
Luteoma of pregnancy (androgen excess)
Gestational trophoblastic disease (hCG-mediated thyrotoxicosis)
Placental aromatase deficiency (maternal virilization)
Hypercalcemia of pregnancy (FHH, primary HPT)
Gestational diabetes insipidus
Postpartum hypocalcemia (hypoparathyroidism)
Hypervitaminosis D (endocrine)
Hypovitaminosis D (endocrine)
Secondary osteoporosis (hyperthyroidism)
Secondary osteoporosis (hypogonadism)
Secondary osteoporosis (malabsorption/endocrine)
Fluorosis (bone endocrine effects)
Renal osteodystrophy (endocrine management)
Parathyroid crisis (hypercalcemic crisis)
Hungry bone syndrome
Calciphylaxis (endocrine/metabolic)
Thyroid hormone transporter defect (MCT8; Allan-Herndon-Dudley)
Monocarboxylate transporter 10 defect (MCT10)
Deiodinase defect (rare)
Thyroglobulin gene defects
TPO deficiency (dyshormonogenesis)
NIS (SLC5A5) defect (iodide transport)
Pendred syndrome
Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism (Jod-Basedow)
Wolff–Chaikoff effect (iodine-induced hypothyroidism)
Radiation-induced hypothyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (CDC73)
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 (MEN4)
SDHB-related paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma
SDHD-related paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma
MAX-related pheochromocytoma
TMEM127-related pheochromocytoma
FH-related pheochromocytoma
RET mutation–positive MEN2 (general)
VHL-related pheochromocytoma
NF1-related pheochromocytoma
Primary ovarian hyperfunction (estrogen excess)
Primary ovarian hyperfunction (androgen excess)
Luteoma of pregnancy (functional)
Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (autoimmune oophoritis)
POI due to FMR1 premutation
POI due to Turner mosaicism
POI due to chemotherapy
POI due to radiation
Hyperprolactinemic galactorrhea
Hypoprolactinemia (rare)
Central precocious puberty (idiopathic girls)
Central precocious puberty (CNS lesion)
Peripheral precocious puberty (ovarian cyst)
Peripheral precocious puberty (Leydig cell tumor)
Peripheral precocious puberty (CAH)
Familial male-limited precocious puberty (testotoxicosis)
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (functional)
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (structural)
Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (gonadal failure)
Constitutional delay of growth and puberty
Thyroid cancer familial syndromes (PTEN/Cowden)
Thyroid cancer familial syndromes (DICER1)
Thyroid cancer familial (APC/FAP)
Radiation-induced thyroid carcinoma
Thyroid microcarcinoma (papillary)
Thyroiditis (drug-induced, interferon)
Thyroiditis (immune checkpoint inhibitor)
Thyroid dysfunction (immune checkpoint inhibitor)
Adrenalitis (immune checkpoint inhibitor)
Hypophysitis (immune checkpoint inhibitor)
Post-COVID thyroiditis
Post-viral subacute thyroiditis
HIV-related endocrine disorders (general)
AIDS-related adrenal insufficiency
Tuberculosis-related adrenal insufficiency
Fungal adrenalitis (histoplasma)
Metastatic adrenal insufficiency
Metastatic pituitary involvement
Sarcoid hypopituitarism
Hemochromatosis hypogonadism
Thyroid hormone embryopathy (fetal/neonatal)
Congenital hyperthyroidism (TSH receptor activating)
Congenital hypothyroidism (TSH receptor inactivating)
Congenital hypopituitarism (PROP1, POU1F1)
Septo-optic dysplasia (endocrine)
Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome
Combined pituitary hormone deficiency
Isolated ACTH deficiency
Isolated TSH deficiency
Isolated LH/FSH deficiency
Hyperghrelinemia syndromes (rare)
Hypoghrelinemia (post-surgery)
Oxytocin deficiency (rare endocrine)
Vasopressin deficiency (central DI)
Vasopressin escape (SIADH dynamics)
Primary polydipsia (psychogenic)
Reset osmostat syndrome
Cerebral salt wasting (differential from SIADH)
Hypernatremia (endocrine DI)
Hyponatremia (SIADH endocrine)
Adrenal crisis
Addisonian hyperpigmentation
Deoxycorticosterone-producing tumor
Cortisol-producing adenoma
Aldosterone-producing adenoma
Androgen-producing adrenal tumor
Adrenal myelolipoma (functional rare)
Adrenal hemorrhage (endocrine failure)
Adrenal infarction (pregnancy; APS)
Congenital adrenal hypoplasia (NR0B1/DAX1)
Hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome
Exercise-induced hyperinsulinism (SLC16A1)
Glucagon deficiency (post-pancreatectomy)
Somatostatin excess (somatostatinoma)
VIP excess (WDHA syndrome)
PPoma (pancreatic polypeptide excess)
Nesidioblastosis-related hypoglycemia (adult)
Autoimmune insulin syndrome (Hirata disease)
Anti-insulin receptor antibody syndrome
Insulin autoimmune syndrome (drug-induced)
Hyperthyrotropinemia (neonatal TSH surge abnormal)
Transient neonatal hyperthyroidism (maternal TRAb)
Transient neonatal hypothyroidism (maternal ATD)
Congenital goitrous hypothyroidism
Maternal hypothyroxinemia (fetal risk)
Isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia
Thyroid dyshormonogenesis (general)
TSH resistance syndrome
Thyroid-binding globulin excess
Thyroid-binding globulin deficiency
Primary hypergonadism (chemotherapy-induced)
Primary hypergonadism (radiation-induced)
Functional ovarian cyst–related estrogen excess
Hyperprolactinemia of pregnancy (physiologic exaggerated)
Galactocele (endocrine lactation issue)
Hyperrelaxin states (pregnancy)
Hyperplacentosis (hCG-mediated endocrine effects)
Hypersomatotropism (ectopic GHRH tumor)
Ectopic GHRH-secreting tumor
Carney triad endocrine components
Insulin resistance due to lipodystrophy
Familial partial lipodystrophy (Dunnigan)
Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (AGPAT2)
Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (BSCL2)
LMNA-related lipodystrophy
PPARG-related lipodystrophy
AKT2-related severe insulin resistance
INSR gene mutation (Donohue syndrome)
Rabson–Mendenhall syndrome
Short-stature homeobox (SHOX) deficiency (endocrine growth)
Hypercalciuria (endocrine causes)
Hypocalciuria (FHH)
Hyperoxaluria-related bone disease (endocrine)
Hyperparathyroid bone cysts (brown tumors)
Osteitis fibrosa cystica
Adynamic bone disease (endocrine/renal)
Osteoporosis in hyperthyroidism
Osteoporosis in Cushing syndrome
Osteoporosis in hypogonadism
Osteoporosis in diabetes
MEN1-related insulinoma
MEN1-related gastrinoma
MEN1-related prolactinoma
MEN1-related nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma
Carney complex—PPNAD (Cushing)
Carney complex—thyroid lesions
Carney complex—testicular tumors (LCCSCT)
McCune-Albright—precocious puberty
McCune-Albright—thyrotoxicosis
McCune-Albright—GH excess
Hypogonadism in chronic systemic disease (endocrine)
Thyroid dysfunction in chronic kidney disease
Thyroid dysfunction in liver disease
Adrenal insufficiency in critical illness
Relative adrenal insufficiency (CIRCI)
Sick-euthyroid syndrome (nonthyroidal illness)
Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis suppression (steroids)
Opioid-induced adrenal insufficiency
Opioid-induced hypogonadism
Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia
Hyperthyroidism due to hCG (gestational)
Trophoblastic tumor–induced thyrotoxicosis
Struma ovarii (thyrotoxicosis)
Thyrotropin resistance (familial)
Pituitary TSH deficiency (central hypothyroidism)
Central hyperthyroidism (TSHoma)
Resistance to IGF-1
GH-secreting ectopic tumor (rare)
Ectopic calcitonin syndrome (rare)
Paraneoplastic SIADH (endocrine)
Post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia
Hungry bone after parathyroidectomy
Post-adrenalectomy adrenal insufficiency
Post-hypophysectomy hypopituitarism
Post-radioiodine hypothyroidism
Post-bariatric endocrine deficiencies
Post-transplant hypophosphatemia (FGF23)
Refeeding hypophosphatemia (endocrine)
Refeeding hypokalemia (endocrine)
Refeeding hypomagnesemia (endocrine)
Hyperthyroidism due to thyroid hormone overuse
Hypothyroidism due to poor adherence
Factitious Cushing syndrome (exogenous steroids)
Factitious hyperinsulinism
Factitious SIADH (excess water intake)
Iatrogenic hypopituitarism (radiation)
Iatrogenic hypogonadism (GnRH analogs)
Iatrogenic hyperprolactinemia (metoclopramide)
Iatrogenic diabetes insipidus (lithium)
Iatrogenic hypercalcemia (vitamin D)
Hyperthyroidism in neonates (maternal TRAb)
Hypothyroidism in neonates (congenital)
Neonatal hypocalcemia (transient)
Neonatal hypercalcemia (Williams syndrome)
Neonatal adrenal insufficiency (STAR)
Neonatal hypopituitarism
Neonatal hypoglycemia (endocrine)
Neonatal hyperinsulinism (KATP)
Neonatal SIADH
Neonatal DI (central)
Glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism (FH-I)
Familial hyperaldosteronism type III (KCNJ5)
Familial hyperaldosteronism type IV (CACNA1H)
Liddle syndrome (ENaC gain-of-function)
Mineralocorticoid receptor activating mutation
11β-HSD2 deficiency (AME)
Licorice-induced pseudohyperaldosteronism
Renin-secreting tumor (juxtaglomerular)
Renin deficiency (hypoaldosteronism)
Hyperreninemic hyperaldosteronism (secondary)
Thyroid hormone excess in athletes (misuse)
Anabolic steroid–induced hypogonadism
Antiandrogen therapy–induced endocrine effects
GnRH agonist therapy–related hypogonadism
SERM-related endocrine effects
Aromatase inhibitor–related endocrine effects
Amiodarone thyroid dysfunction (general)
Interferon-induced thyroiditis
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor–induced hypothyroidism
Immune checkpoint inhibitor–hypophysitis
Primary hyperoxaluria endocrine bone effects
Wilson disease endocrine effects
Glycogen storage disease endocrine effects
Mitochondrial diabetes (MIDD)
Wolfram syndrome (DIDMOAD)
Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia with diabetes
HNF1B nephropathy with diabetes
RCAD syndrome (renal cysts and diabetes, HNF1B)
Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD)
NAFLD-related endocrine disturbances
Primary thyroid amyloidosis
Systemic amyloidosis with endocrine involvement
Amyloid infiltration of pituitary
Amyloid infiltration of adrenals
Amyloid infiltration of pancreas (islets; T2D)
Hemochromatosis thyroid dysfunction
Hemochromatosis hypogonadism (pituitary)
Sarcoidosis thyroid dysfunction
Sarcoidosis pituitary involvement
Sarcoidosis adrenal involvement
Endocrine hypertension (primary aldosteronism)
Endocrine hypertension (pheochromocytoma)
Endocrine hypertension (Cushing)
Endocrine hypertension (thyrotoxicosis)
Endocrine hypotension (adrenal insufficiency)
Orthostatic intolerance (adrenal/AN)
Hyperkalemia due to hypoaldosteronism
Hypokalemia due to hyperaldosteronism
Hypernatremia due to DI
Hyponatremia due to SIADH
Menopause (endocrine deficiency state)
Premature menopause (POI)
Andropause (late-onset hypogonadism)
HRT-related endocrine effects (women)
TRT-related endocrine effects (men)
Contraceptive-related endocrine effects
Hyperprogestinism (exogenous)
Estrogen excess (exogenous)
Anti-estrogen effects (endocrine)
GnRH antagonist–related effects
Thyroid dysfunction in Down syndrome
Thyroid dysfunction in Turner syndrome
Thyroid dysfunction in Williams syndrome
Thyroid dysfunction in Prader–Willi syndrome
Adrenal dysfunction in APS type 1
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2
IPEX syndrome (endocrine autoimmunity)
APS with AIRE mutation (type 1)
POEMS syndrome (endocrine components)
Hyperparathyroidism in MEN1
Insulinoma in MEN1
Gastrinoma in MEN1
Prolactinoma in MEN1
Medullary thyroid carcinoma in MEN2
Pheochromocytoma in MEN2
Primary hyperparathyroidism in MEN2
Pituitary tumors in MEN4 (CDKN1B)
PPGL syndromes (SDHx)
Hereditary paraganglioma–pheochromocytoma syndromes
Primary thyroid failure after radioiodine
Primary thyroid failure after thyroidectomy
Subclinical hypothyroidism (elderly)
Subclinical hyperthyroidism (elderly)
Hyperthyroidism due to thyroiditis (transient)
Hypothyroidism due to thyroiditis (transient)
T3 thyrotoxicosis
T4 thyrotoxicosis
Thyrotoxicosis with negative uptake (thyroiditis)
Thyrotoxicosis with positive uptake (Graves/toxic nodule)
Central adrenal insufficiency (pituitary)
Tertiary adrenal insufficiency (hypothalamic)
ACTH deficiency (isolated)
CRH deficiency (rare)
Glucocorticoid hypersensitivity (rare)
Mineralocorticoid hypersensitivity (rare)
Adrenal androgen insufficiency
DHEA-S deficiency (aging)
Primary cortisol deficiency (familial)
Familial glucocorticoid deficiency
Thyroid carcinoma—familial non-medullary
Thyroid carcinoma—radiation exposure childhood
Thyroid microcarcinoma multifocal
Tall cell variant papillary thyroid cancer
Diffuse sclerosing variant papillary thyroid cancer
Follicular carcinoma minimally invasive
Follicular carcinoma widely invasive
Hürthle cell carcinoma minimally invasive
Medullary thyroid carcinoma—sporadic
Medullary thyroid carcinoma—familial
Endocrine causes of infertility (women)
Endocrine causes of infertility (men)
Hyperprolactinemic infertility
Thyroid-related infertility
PCOS-related infertility
Hypogonadism-related infertility
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia–related infertility
Luteal insufficiency infertility
Endocrine recurrent pregnancy loss
Endocrine erectile dysfunction
Hypercalcemia secondary to hyperthyroidism
Hypercalcemia secondary to adrenal insufficiency
Hypocalcemia in pancreatitis (endocrine ties)
Hypocalcemia in sepsis (endocrine ties)
Hyperphosphatemia in hypoparathyroidism
Hypophosphatemia in hyperparathyroidism
FGF23-mediated hypophosphatemia (XLH)
FGF23-mediated oncogenic osteomalacia
Calcitonin-secreting tumors (MTC)
PTHrP-mediated hypercalcemia
Thyroid storm (severe thyrotoxicosis)
Myxedema coma (severe hypothyroidism)
Adrenal crisis (acute AI)
Pituitary apoplexy (endocrine emergency)
Hypercalcemic crisis (primary HPT)
Hypocalcemic tetany (acute)
Severe hyponatremia due to SIADH
Severe hypernatremia due to DI
DKA (diabetic emergency)
HHS (diabetic emergency)
Endocrine orbitopathy (Graves)
Endocrine dermopathy (pretibial myxedema)
Endocrine cardiomyopathy (thyrotoxic)
Endocrine myopathy (Cushing)
Endocrine myopathy (hypothyroid)
Endocrine neuropathy (diabetic autonomic)
Endocrine neuropathy (nutritional/endocrine)
Endocrine arthropathy (diabetic cheiroarthropathy)
Endocrine hepatopathy (NAFLD in T2D)
Endocrine nephropathy (diabetic)
Post-COVID endocrine dysfunction (thyroid)
Post-COVID endocrine dysfunction (adrenal)
Post-COVID endocrine dysfunction (gonadal)
Post-COVID dysglycemia
Vaccine-associated thyroiditis (rare)
Vaccine-associated adrenal events (rare)
Long-COVID dysautonomia with endocrine overlap
Post-viral hypophysitis (rare)
Post-infectious thyroiditis (general)
Post-infectious SIADH
Thyroid hormone over-replacement cardiotoxicity
T3-only therapy complications
Desiccated thyroid overuse effects
Over-replacement glucocorticoid complications
Over-replacement mineralocorticoid complications
Over-replacement growth hormone complications
Over-replacement sex steroid complications
Bisphosphonate-related endocrine considerations
SGLT2-related euglycemic DKA (endocrine)
GLP-1RA-related endocrine effects
Hyperinsulinemic acanthosis nigricans
Hyperandrogenic acne (endocrine)
Hidradenitis with endocrine overlap (androgens)
Hirsutism (PCOS)
Female pattern hair loss (endocrine)
Male pattern hair loss (androgen-related)
Virilization from exogenous androgens
Feminization from estrogen-secreting tumor
Galactorrhea (non-pregnant)
Gynecomastia (physiologic)
Thyroid disease in elderly (frailty)
Adrenal insufficiency in elderly
Osteoporosis in elderly men
Osteoporosis in elderly women
Hypogonadism of aging (men)
Menopausal vasomotor symptoms (endocrine)
Parathyroid disease in elderly
SIADH in elderly
DI in elderly
Hypothyroidism in elderly (subtle)
Endocrine causes of hypertension (general)
Endocrine causes of hypotension (general)
Endocrine causes of hyperkalemia
Endocrine causes of hypokalemia
Endocrine causes of hyponatremia
Endocrine causes of hypernatremia
Endocrine causes of hypercalcemia
Endocrine causes of hypocalcemia
Endocrine causes of hypophosphatemia
Endocrine causes of hyperphosphatemia
Thyroid hormone resistance (beta)
Thyroid hormone resistance (alpha)
Generalized thyroid hormone resistance
Pituitary thyroid hormone resistance
Selective pituitary resistance to thyroid hormone
Selective peripheral resistance to thyroid hormone
TSH receptor–mediated hyperthyroidism (familial)
TSH receptor–mediated hypothyroidism (familial)
GNAS-related hyperthyroidism (McCune–Albright)
PDE11A-related adrenal hyperplasia
Endocrine tumor syndrome (MEN variants)
Hypercortisolism due to alcoholism (pseudo-Cushing)
Hypercortisolism due to depression (pseudo-Cushing)
Hypercortisolism due to obesity (pseudo-Cushing)
Hypercortisolism due to PCOS (pseudo-Cushing)
Subclinical hypercortisolism (adrenal incidentaloma)
Mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS)
Low-renin hypertension (endocrine)
High-renin hypertension (endocrine)
Resistant hypertension (endocrine evaluation)
Hypothyroidism after immune therapy
Hyperthyroidism after immune therapy
Hypophysitis after immune therapy
Adrenalitis after immune therapy
Diabetes after immune therapy
Hypogonadism after chemotherapy
Hyperprolactinemia after psychotropics
SIADH after SSRIs
DI after lithium
Hypercalcemia after thiazides
Brown-Vialetto–Van Laere with endocrine overlap
Ataxia-telangiectasia endocrine effects
Myotonic dystrophy endocrine effects
Friedreich ataxia endocrine effects
Spinal muscular atrophy endocrine effects
Dystrophinopathy endocrine effects
21-hydroxylase inhibitor exposure effects
5-alpha-reductase inhibitor endocrine effects
Anti-aromatase exposure in youth (endocrine)
Exogenous hCG misuse (thyroid/androgen effects)
Endocrine aspects of anorexia nervosa
Endocrine aspects of bulimia nervosa
Endocrine aspects of binge-eating disorder
Female athlete triad (endocrine)
Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S)
Osteoporosis of eating disorders
Hypogonadism in chronic illness
Hypothyroidism in chronic illness
Adrenal suppression in chronic opioid therapy
Hyperprolactinemia in stress
Hyperinsulinemic polycystic ovary syndrome
Non-hyperinsulinemic PCOS variant
Normoandrogenic PCOS
Hyperandrogenic PCOS
PCOS with metabolic syndrome
Lean PCOS
Obese PCOS
PCOS with infertility
PCOS with hirsutism
PCOS with insulin resistance
Endocrine sarcopenia (hypogonadism)
Endocrine sarcopenia (hyperthyroidism)
Endocrine sarcopenia (Cushing)
Endocrine cachexia (hyperthyroid)
Endocrine edema (hypothyroid)
Endocrine hypertension (hyperthyroid)
Endocrine hypotension (adrenal)
Endocrine tachycardia (thyrotoxic)
Endocrine bradycardia (hypothyroid)
Endocrine dyslipidemia (hypothyroid)
Hyperthyroidism in subacute thyroiditis
Hypothyroidism after subacute thyroiditis
Hyperthyroidism in painless thyroiditis
Hypothyroidism after painless thyroiditis
Hyperthyroidism in postpartum thyroiditis
Hypothyroidism after postpartum thyroiditis
Recurrent thyroiditis
Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto)
Atrophic thyroiditis (autoimmune)
Fibrosing (Riedel) thyroiditis
Euthyroid Graves ophthalmopathy
Isolated T3 toxicosis
Thyroxine-binding globulin excess
Thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency
Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia
High TBG in pregnancy (physiologic disorder context)
Low TBG in liver disease (endocrine)
Pituitary resistance to thyroid hormone
Assay interference causing thyroid dysfunction (HAMA)
Biotin interference mimicking thyroid disease
Adrenal hypoplasia congenita (DAX1)
Triple A syndrome (Allgrove)
Smith–Lemli–Opitz endocrine aspects
Laurence–Moon–Biedl endocrine aspects
APECED (APS-1) classic triad
APS-2 (Schmidt syndrome)
APS-3 (thyroiditis with other autoimmunity)
APS-4 (other combinations)
Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD)
Endemic cretinism (historical)
Hyperthyroidism due to toxic multinodular goiter
Hyperthyroidism due to toxic adenoma
Hypothyroidism due to thyroid agenesis
Hypothyroidism due to ectopic thyroid
Hypothyroidism due to hemiagenesis
Hypothyroidism due to thyroid hemi-hypoplasia
Dyshormonogenesis—TPO defect
Dyshormonogenesis—thyroglobulin defect
Dyshormonogenesis—pendrin defect
Dyshormonogenesis—DUOX2 defect
Hyperprolactinemia due to stalk effect
Hyperprolactinemia due to chest wall lesion
Hyperprolactinemia due to hypothyroidism
Hyperprolactinemia due to renal failure
Hyperprolactinemia due to cirrhosis
Hyperprolactinemia idiopathic
Macroprolactinemia
Prolactin-secreting microadenoma
Prolactin-secreting macroadenoma
Drug-resistant prolactinoma
Primary amenorrhea—endocrine causes
Secondary amenorrhea—endocrine causes
Oligomenorrhea—endocrine causes
Dysmenorrhea—endocrine overlap (endometriosis hormones)
Abnormal uterine bleeding—endocrine (anovulatory)
Hyperestrogenism—obesity-related
Hypoestrogenism—athletic amenorrhea
Androgen excess—PCOS
Androgen excess—CAH
Androgen excess—tumoral
Hypoglycemia due to insulin autoimmune syndrome
Hypoglycemia due to IGF-2–secreting tumor
Hypoglycemia due to adrenal insufficiency
Hypoglycemia due to hypopituitarism
Hypoglycemia due to alcohol
Hypoglycemia due to critical illness
Hypoglycemia due to gastric surgery
Hypoglycemia due to liver failure
Hypoglycemia due to renal failure
Hypoglycemia due to reactive postprandial causes
Hyperthyroidism with atrial fibrillation
Hyperthyroidism with osteoporosis
Hypothyroidism with hyperlipidemia
Hypothyroidism with pericardial effusion
Cushing syndrome with diabetes
Cushing syndrome with osteoporosis
Acromegaly with sleep apnea
Acromegaly with cardiomyopathy
Hyperaldosteronism with resistant hypertension
Pheochromocytoma with cardiomyopathy
Thyroid hormone misuse for weight loss
DNP misuse endocrine consequences
Growth hormone misuse (athletics)
Anabolic steroid misuse (endocrine)
hCG misuse (weight loss)
Insulin misuse (bodybuilding)
Thyroid extract misuse
Over-the-counter supplement thyroid effects
Herbal-induced thyroid dysfunction
Biotin-induced lab artifact endocrine issues
Endocrine aging of bone (osteopenia)
Endocrine aging of muscle (sarcopenia)
Endocrine aging of adipose (redistribution)
Endocrine aging of pancreas (β-cell decline)
Endocrine aging of gonads (testosterone decline)
Endocrine aging of ovaries (menopause)
Endocrine aging of pituitary (GH decline)
Endocrine aging of thyroid (TSH drift)
Endocrine aging of adrenals (DHEA decline)
Endocrine aging of calcium metabolism (PTH rise)
Thyroid hormone resistance due to THRB mutation
Thyroid hormone resistance due to THRA mutation
Pseudohyperthyroidism (assay interference)
Pseudohypothyroidism (assay interference)
Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia
Transthyretin variants causing T4 binding changes
TBG excess—X-linked
TBG deficiency—X-linked
Albumin variants—thyroid test artifacts
Heterophile antibodies—pituitary hormone assay errors
Hyperaldosteronism—sleep apnea association
Thyroid dysfunction—lithium association
Thyroid dysfunction—amiodarone association
Thyroid dysfunction—iodinated contrast exposure
Thyroid dysfunction—interferon therapy
Thyroid dysfunction—TKI therapy
Thyroid dysfunction—checkpoint inhibitors
Thyroid dysfunction—antiepileptics
Thyroid dysfunction—rifampin
Thyroid dysfunction—sunitinib
Endocrine aspects of osteoporosis in men
Endocrine aspects of fragility fractures
Hyperparathyroid bone disease in CKD
Osteoporosis in primary hyperparathyroidism
Osteoporosis in hypogonadism (men)
Osteoporosis in POI (women)
Osteoporosis in Cushing’s
Osteoporosis in hyperthyroidism
Osteoporosis in T1D
Osteoporosis in T2D
Hyperinsulinemia in obesity
Leptin resistance in obesity
Adiponectin deficiency in metabolic syndrome
Ghrelin excess in Prader–Willi
Ghrelin deficiency after bariatric surgery
Incretin deficiency post-gastrectomy
GLP-1 resistance hypotheses
DPP-4 hyperactivity (metabolic)
FGF21 resistance (obesity)
FGF19-related bile acid endocrine effects
Thyroid carcinoma—pediatric
Thyroid carcinoma—familial syndromes
Adrenocortical carcinoma—pediatric
Pheochromocytoma—pediatric
Pituitary adenoma—pediatric
Craniopharyngioma—pediatric endocrine sequelae
CAH—classical salt-wasting
CAH—simple virilizing
CAH—non-classical
Hypoglycemia of infancy (transient)
Hypothalamic amenorrhea—stress related
Hypothalamic amenorrhea—weight loss
Hypothalamic amenorrhea—exercise
Hyperprolactinemia—microadenoma
Hyperprolactinemia—macroadenoma
Hyperprolactinemia—idiopathic
Galactorrhea—idiopathic
Hyperandrogenism—idiopathic hirsutism
PCOS—adolescent phenotype
PCOS—postmenopausal persistence
Thyroid nodule—autonomous functioning
Thyroid nodule—colloid
Thyroid nodule—thyroiditis related
Thyroid nodule—Hürthle cell adenoma
Thyroid nodule—follicular adenoma
Thyroid nodule—cystic
Thyroid nodule—spongiform
Thyroid nodule—radiation-related
Thyroid nodule—iodine deficiency related
Thyroid nodule—multifocal
Hypoparathyroidism—autoimmune (APS)
Hypoparathyroidism—genetic (GCM2)
Hypoparathyroidism—DiGeorge (22q11.2)
Hypoparathyroidism—HDR syndrome (GATA3)
Hypoparathyroidism—CaSR activating mutations
Hypoparathyroidism—postsurgical permanent
Hypoparathyroidism—postsurgical transient
Pseudohypoparathyroidism—Albright osteodystrophy
Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism—AHO phenotype
Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (repeat distinct)
Central hypothyroidism—pituitary tumor
Central hypothyroidism—radiation
Central hypothyroidism—trauma
Central hypothyroidism—infiltrative disease
Central hypothyroidism—congenital
Central DI—autoimmune
Central DI—traumatic
Central DI—post-surgical
Nephrogenic DI—genetic (AVPR2)
Nephrogenic DI—acquired (lithium)
SIADH—CNS disorder related
SIADH—pulmonary disorder related
SIADH—drug induced (SSRIs)
SIADH—paraneoplastic
Reset osmostat variant of SIADH
Pregnancy-related DI (vasopressinase)
Primary polydipsia—psychogenic
Dipsogenic DI (thirst center lesion)
Gestational thyrotoxicosis (hCG-mediated)
Hyperthyroidism due to molar pregnancy
Disclaimer: Each person’s journey is unique, treatment plan, life style, food habit, hormonal condition, immune system, chronic disease condition, geological location, weather and previous medical history is also unique. So always seek the best advice from a qualified medical professional or health care provider before trying any treatments to ensure to find out the best plan for you. This guide is for general information and educational purposes only. Regular check-ups and awareness can help to manage and prevent complications associated with these diseases conditions. If you or someone are suffering from this disease condition bookmark this website or share with someone who might find it useful! Boost your knowledge and stay ahead in your health journey. We always try to ensure that the content is regularly updated to reflect the latest medical research and treatment options. Thank you for giving your valuable time to read the article.
The article is written by Team RxHarun and reviewed by the Rx Editorial Board Members
Last Updated: September 30, 2025.
