Disease A-Z Library
ABCC8-Related Congenital Hyperinsulinism
ABCC8-related congenital hyperinsulinism is a genetic condition where the pancreas makes too much insulin even when blood sugar is low. The extra insulin pushes sugar from...
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Rx Endocrinology, Enzymes and Hormonal Diseases (A – Z)
Hormones and enzymes are distinct biological substances with different functions: hormones are chemical messengers released by endocrine glands to regulate various bodily processes by traveling through the bloodstream, while enzymes are protein catalysts produced by glands to speed up specific chemical reactions, often working at their site of production or within a duct system. The term “endocrine enzymes” is a misnomer; enzymes are catalysts, and hormones are chemical messengers, although some endocrine glands, like the pancreas, also produce exocrine enzymes for digestion in addition to endocrine hormones like insulin and glucagon.
Hormones / enzymes / endocrine system
Sex hormone
Growth hormone
Thyroid hormones
Glucagon
Cortisol
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Insulin
Parathyroid hormone
Testosterone
Calcitonin
Triiodothyronine
Leptin
Somatostatin
Vasopressin
Aldosterone
Growth hormone–releasing hormone
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Cholecystokinin
Oxytocin
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Erythropoietin
Melatonin
Ghrelin
Estradiol
Dehydroepiandrosterone
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
Secretin
Pancreatic polypeptide
Thyroxine
150 articlesUpdated medical education library
Diseases A-Z
A
- ABCC8-Related Congenital Hyperinsulinism
- Acanthosis Nigricans
- Acral Acanthosis Nigricans
- Acral Acanthotic Anomaly
- Acral Dry Gangrene
- Acromegaly
- Adrenal Adenoma
- Adrenal Insufficiency
- Adrenal Insufficiency – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment
- Advanced Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder
- AIRE Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy
- Alopecia-nail dystrophy-ophthalmic complications-thyroid dysfunction syndrome
- Amyloid-Producing Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
- Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
- Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
- ANOTHER Syndrome
- APECED (Autoimmune-Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal-Dystrophy)
- Aromatase Excess Syndrome (AES)
- Arrhenoblastoma
- Aspartylglucosaminidase (AGA) Deficiency
- Aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU)
- Ataxia–Diabetes–Goiter–Gonadal Insufficiency Syndrome
- Athyreosis
- Athyroidal Hypothyroidism with Spiky Hair and Cleft Palate
- Autoimmune Addison’s Disease
- Autoimmune Polyendocrine (Polyglandular) Syndrome Type 2 (APS-2)
- Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1 (APS-1)
- Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 3 (APS-3)
- Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy (APECED)
- Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy from AIRE Mutation
- Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy Type 2 (APS-2)
- Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy Type 3 (APS-3)
- Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 2 (APS-2)
- Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 3 (APS-3)
- Autoimmune Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
- Autosomal Dominant Hyperinsulinism due to Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) Deficiency
- Autosomal Dominant Idiopathic Growth Hormone Deficiency Type II (IGHD-II)
- Autosomal Dominant Isolated Somatotropin (Growth Hormone) Deficiency (IGHD Type II)
- Autosomal Dominant Pituitary Dwarfism due to Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency (IGHD, Type II)
- Autosomal Recessive Hyperinsulinism Due to Sulfonylurea Receptor-1 (SUR1) Deficiency
- Autosomal Recessive Hyperinsulinism Due to SUR1 (ABCC8) Deficiency
- Autosomal-Recessive Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia From Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) Deficiency
C
- Central Diabetes Insipidus
- Cerebellar ataxia with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
- Cerebellar Ataxia–Hypogonadism Syndrome
- Choreoathetosis and Congenital Hypothyroidism with Pulmonary Dysfunction
- Choreoathetosis with Congenital Hypothyroidism and Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NKX2-1)
- Chronic Upper Facial Erythematous Edema
- Classic Galactosemia
- Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency (CPHD)
- Complement Deficiency
- Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS)
- Congenital Central Hypothyroidism
- Congenital Estrogen Deficiency
- Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (CHH)
- Cranial Diabetes Insipidus
- Cretinism
- Cushing’s Syndrome
D
E
- Endocrine Sipple Syndrome
- Endocrine Wagenmann-Froboese Syndrome
- Endocrinopathy
- Enteropathy-Respiratory Tract Infection Syndrome
- Estrogen Hormone – Types, Indications, Contraindications
- Estrogen Insensitivity Syndrome (EIS)
- Estrogen Pills – Uses, Indications, Contraindications
- Excess Ovarian Androgen Release Syndrome
- Excessive Serotonin Secretion
F
G
H
- HAIR-AN Syndrome
- Heat Exhaustion
- Hereditary Prepubertal Gynecomastia
- Hormonal Tumor
- Hormone Secretion – Anatomy, Types, Functions
- Hormones – Types, Functions, Clinical Feature, Significance
- Hyaluronidase 2 Deficiency
- Hyperandrogenism–insulin resistance–acanthosis nigricans syndrome
- Hyperprolactinemic SAHA (Sudden and Acute Hyperprolactinemia with Associated Symptoms)
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypogenitalism
- Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Hypoparathyroidism–Addison Disease–Mucocutaneous Candidiasis Syndrome
- Hypothalamic-Pituitary Hypothyroidism
- Hypothyroidism
- Hypothyroidism and Cleft Palate Syndrome
L
M
- Mechanisms of Hormone Action – All About You Can Know
- Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
- Morris Syndrome
- Mucosal Neuromata with Endocrine Tumors
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN)
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 3
- Multiple Mucosal Neuroma Syndrome
- Multiple Pituitary Hormone Deficiencies (MPHD)
- Myxedema
P
- Pancreas – Anatomy, Types, Structure, Functions
- Panhypopituitarism
- Persistent Adrenarche Syndrome
- Pheochromocytoma
- Pituitary Diabetes Insipidus
- Pituitary Macroadenoma
- Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
- Polyendocrinopathy
- Primary Hyperparathyroidism – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment
- Progressive Cerebellar Ataxia with Hypogonadism
- Pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA)
- PTC Syndrome
S
T
- T-cell and B-cell Dysfunction
- Testicular Feminization Syndrome
- Thyroid Acropachy
- Thyroid Eye Disease
- Thyroid Hormone – Types, Functions, Clinical Significance
- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Deficiency
- Thyrotropin Deficiency
- Transverse Tessier Number 7 Facial Cleft
- Types of Aldosteronism
- Types of Endocrinological Diseases and Disorders
- Types of Hyperparathyroidism
Featured articles
Disease A-Z Library
Acanthosis Nigricans
Acanthosis nigricans Type II is a skin condition that can affect people of all ages. In this article, we will break down what it is, what...
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Acral Acanthosis Nigricans
Acral acanthosis nigricans is a skin condition that affects the appearance and texture of the skin, particularly in the acral areas, which include the hands and...
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Acral Acanthotic Anomaly
Acral Acanthotic Anomaly (AAA) is a rare skin condition that can affect individuals of all ages. While it may sound complex, we’ll break down the key...
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Acral Dry Gangrene
Acral dry gangrene is a serious medical condition characterized by the death of tissue in the extremities, such as fingers and toes, due to reduced blood...
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Acromegaly
Acromegaly is a rare hormonal disorder that affects people when their bodies produce too much growth hormone. This article aims to explain acromegaly in plain English,...
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Adrenal Adenoma
Adrenal adenoma, a small non-cancerous tumor found on the adrenal gland, can sometimes lead to various health issues. In this article, we’ll provide a clear and...
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Adrenal Insufficiency
Adrenal Insufficiency, also known as SAHA Syndrome, is a medical condition that affects the adrenal glands, small organs located on top of your kidneys. These glands...
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Adrenal Insufficiency – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment
Adrenal insufficiency is a disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands don’t make enough of certain hormones. The adrenal glands are located just above the kidneys. Adrenal...
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Advanced Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder
Advanced Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder is a body-clock (circadian) condition. In this disorder, the person’s internal clock runs earlier than normal. Because of this, sleepiness arrives very...
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AIRE Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy
AIRE autoimmune polyendocrinopathy—the classic disorder caused by changes (variants) in the AIRE gene and widely known as Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy (APECED) or Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome type...
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Alopecia-nail dystrophy-ophthalmic complications-thyroid dysfunction syndrome
Alopecia-nail dystrophy-ophthalmic complications-thyroid dysfunction syndrome is a complex medical condition with a long name, but we’re here to break it down for you in simple terms....
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Disease A-Z Library
Thyrotropin Deficiency
Thyrotropin deficiency is also called TSH deficiency, central hypothyroidism, pituitary hypothyroidism, or secondary hypothyroidism. It happens when the pituitary gland does not make enough thyroid-stimulating hormone,...
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Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Deficiency
Thyroid stimulating hormone deficiency means the pituitary gland does not make enough thyroid stimulating hormone, also called TSH. TSH is the signal that tells the thyroid...
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Hypothalamic-Pituitary Hypothyroidism
Hypothalamic-pituitary hypothyroidism is usually called central hypothyroidism. It happens when the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland does not send the right hormone signals to the thyroid...
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Congenital Central Hypothyroidism
Congenital central hypothyroidism means a baby is born with low thyroid hormone because the brain does not send a strong enough signal to the thyroid gland....
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Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS)
Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is a rare condition where a person has XY (male) chromosomes and testicles, but the body cannot “hear” or use male...
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Transverse Tessier Number 7 Facial Cleft
Transverse Tessier number 7 facial cleft is a birth defect where the corner of the mouth is split and stretched sideways toward the ear, so the...
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Multiple Pituitary Hormone Deficiencies (MPHD)
Multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (MPHD) means that the pituitary gland is not making several different hormones at the same time, not just one. The pituitary is...
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Genetic Hypopituitarism
Genetic hypopituitarism is a life-long condition where the pituitary gland does not make enough hormones because of changes (mutations) in important development genes that control how...
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Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency (CPHD)
Combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) is a health problem where the pituitary gland does not make enough of more than one of its hormones at the...
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Hypogenitalism
Hypogenitalism means that the genitals stay too small and “child-like” for the person’s age. In simple words, the sex organs do not grow and mature in...
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Hyaluronidase 2 Deficiency
Hyaluronidase 2 deficiency is a very rare genetic disease. It happens when both copies of a gene called HYAL2 do not work properly. This gene makes...
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Progressive Cerebellar Ataxia with Hypogonadism
Progressive cerebellar ataxia with hypogonadism is a very rare genetic brain and hormone disorder. It mainly affects the cerebellum (the part of the brain that controls...
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Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LHRH)
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) is the older name for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). GnRH is made in the hypothalamus (a small control center in the brain) and...
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Cerebellar ataxia with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Cerebellar ataxia with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism means two main problems happen together. First, cerebellar ataxia: the cerebellum is the “balance and coordination” part of the brain, and...
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Cerebellar Ataxia–Hypogonadism Syndrome
Cerebellar ataxia–hypogonadism syndrome is a rare, usually inherited condition where a person has cerebellar ataxia (poor balance and poor coordination because the cerebellum is not working...
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Pituitary Diabetes Insipidus
Pituitary diabetes insipidus is a water-balance problem where your body cannot make enough of a hormone called vasopressin (also called ADH). Vasopressin normally tells your kidneys...
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Cranial Diabetes Insipidus
Cranial diabetes insipidus is a condition where your brain does not make enough arginine vasopressin (AVP), also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH). AVP is a hormone that...
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Central Diabetes Insipidus
Central diabetes insipidus (often shortened to CDI) is a condition where your brain does not make enough of a hormone called vasopressin (also called ADH: antidiuretic...
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Hormonal Tumor
A hormonal tumor is a growth that makes and releases extra hormones. Hormones are chemical messengers. They are made by glands like the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids,...
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Excessive Serotonin Secretion
Excessive serotonin secretion means the body has too much serotonin in the wrong place or at the wrong time. Serotonin is a natural chemical that helps...
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