Rx Endocrinology, Enzymes and Hormonal Diseases (A – Z)
Hormones and enzymes are distinct biological substances with different functions: hormones are chemical messengers released by endocrine glands to regulate various bodily processes by traveling through the bloodstream, while enzymes are protein catalysts produced by glands to speed up specific chemical reactions, often working at their site of production or within a duct system. The term “endocrine enzymes” is a misnomer; enzymes are catalysts, and hormones are chemical messengers, although some endocrine glands, like the pancreas, also produce exocrine enzymes for digestion in addition to endocrine hormones like insulin and glucagon.
Thyrotropin deficiency is also called TSH deficiency, central hypothyroidism, pituitary hypothyroidism, or secondary hypothyroidism. It happens when the pituitary gland does not make enough ...
Thyroid stimulating hormone deficiency means the pituitary gland does not make enough thyroid stimulating hormone, also called TSH. TSH is the signal that tells the thyroid gland to make thyroid ...
Hypothalamic-pituitary hypothyroidism is usually called central hypothyroidism. It happens when the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland does not send the right hormone signals to the thyroid gland. ...
Congenital central hypothyroidism means a baby is born with low thyroid hormone because the brain does not send a strong enough signal to the thyroid gland. The problem is usually in the pituitary ...
Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is a rare condition where a person has XY (male) chromosomes and testicles, but the body cannot “hear” or use male hormones called androgens at all. ...
Transverse Tessier number 7 facial cleft is a birth defect where the corner of the mouth is split and stretched sideways toward the ear, so the mouth looks wider than normal on one side or on both ...
Multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (MPHD) means that the pituitary gland is not making several different hormones at the same time, not just one. The pituitary is a tiny gland at the base of the ...
Genetic hypopituitarism is a life-long condition where the pituitary gland does not make enough hormones because of changes (mutations) in important development genes that control how the pituitary ...
Combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) is a health problem where the pituitary gland does not make enough of more than one of its hormones at the same time. The pituitary is a small gland in ...
Hypogenitalism means that the genitals stay too small and “child-like” for the person’s age. In simple words, the sex organs do not grow and mature in the normal way. This can affect boys (penis, ...
Hyaluronidase 2 deficiency is a very rare genetic disease. It happens when both copies of a gene called HYAL2 do not work properly. This gene makes an enzyme (a kind of protein) that helps break down ...
Progressive cerebellar ataxia with hypogonadism is a very rare genetic brain and hormone disorder. It mainly affects the cerebellum (the part of the brain that controls balance and coordination) and ...
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) is the older name for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). GnRH is made in the hypothalamus (a small control center in the brain) and it tells the ...
Cerebellar ataxia with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism means two main problems happen together. First, cerebellar ataxia: the cerebellum is the “balance and coordination” part of the brain, and when it ...
Cerebellar ataxia–hypogonadism syndrome is a rare, usually inherited condition where a person has cerebellar ataxia (poor balance and poor coordination because the cerebellum is not working well) ...
Pituitary diabetes insipidus is a water-balance problem where your body cannot make enough of a hormone called vasopressin (also called ADH). Vasopressin normally tells your kidneys to “save water” ...
Cranial diabetes insipidus is a condition where your brain does not make enough arginine vasopressin (AVP), also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH). AVP is a hormone that normally helps your kidneys ...
Central diabetes insipidus (often shortened to CDI) is a condition where your brain does not make enough of a hormone called vasopressin (also called ADH: antidiuretic hormone). Vasopressin is made ...
A hormonal tumor is a growth that makes and releases extra hormones. Hormones are chemical messengers. They are made by glands like the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, ...
Excessive serotonin secretion means the body has too much serotonin in the wrong place or at the wrong time. Serotonin is a natural chemical that helps nerves communicate and also affects the gut and ...
