Congenital Respiratory-Biliary Fistula
Congenital respiratory-biliary fistula, also called congenital tracheobiliary fistula or congenital bronchobiliary fistula, is a very rare birth defect. In this condition, an abnormal tube connects ...
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A – Z)
Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Complete AVSD)
Complete atrioventricular septal defect (complete AVSD) is a serious heart problem that a baby is born with. In this problem, there is a big hole in the center of the heart, where two walls should ...
Atrioventricular Canal–Type Ventricular Septal Defect
Atrioventricular canal–type ventricular septal defect is a special kind of hole in the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles) that sits just under the heart valves in the ...
Coccidioidomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis is a lung infection caused by a fungus called Coccidioides. This fungus lives in dry, dusty soil. When the soil is disturbed, tiny fungal spores go into the air. People breathe in ...
Cutaneomeningospinal Angiomatosis
Cutaneomeningospinal angiomatosis is another name for Cobb syndrome. It is a very rare condition where a person has abnormal blood vessels (angiomas or arteriovenous malformations) in the skin and in ...
Coats Plus Syndrome
Coats plus syndrome is a very rare, inherited, multi-system disease where tiny blood vessels (especially in the retina of the eye and the brain) are abnormal and “leaky,” causing retinal ...
Narrowing of the Aorta
Narrowing of the aorta usually means a condition called coarctation of the aorta. In this problem, a short part of the main body artery (the aorta) becomes tighter than normal, like a kink in a hose. ...
Coarctation of the Aorta
Coarctation of the aorta is a birth heart problem where a short part of the main body artery (the aorta) is too narrow, like a tight ring on a pipe. This narrow part makes it hard for blood to pass ...
Capillary Malformation of the Lower Lip
Capillary malformation of the lower lip is a birthmark made from many tiny blood vessels (capillaries) just under the skin of the lower lip. Doctors often call this kind of mark a capillary ...
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH)
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a long-term form of high blood pressure in the lung arteries that develops when old blood clots do not fully dissolve and instead turn into ...
Chronic Respiratory Distress with Surfactant Metabolism Deficiency
Chronic respiratory distress with surfactant metabolism deficiency is a rare lung disease that mainly affects babies and children. In this disease, the lungs do not make or handle surfactant in a ...
Singultus
Singultus is the medical word for hiccups. It means short, sudden, jerky breaths that you cannot control. These happen because the main breathing muscle (the diaphragm) and the small muscles between ...
Berylliosis
Berylliosis is a long-term lung disease caused by breathing in a metal called beryllium at work or in the environment. In berylliosis, the immune system becomes “sensitized” to beryllium and starts ...
Intracranial Hemorrhage from Brain Malformations and Somatic Mmutation
Intracranial hemorrhage in brain cerebrovascular malformations means that an abnormal blood vessel in the brain has leaked or burst and blood has collected inside or around the brain tissue. These ...
Congenital Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)
Congenital cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a blood vessel problem that is present from birth. It is a tangled knot of arteries and veins inside the brain. In a normal brain, blood flows ...
Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)
An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the brain is an abnormal “tangle” of blood vessels where arteries connect directly to veins without the normal tiny vessels in between, called capillaries. ...
Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation
Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (often called a brain AVM) is an abnormal tangle of blood vessels in the brain where arteries connect directly to veins without the usual tiny capillaries in ...
Congenital Central Alveolar Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS)
Congenital Central Alveolar Hypoventilation Syndrome (often shortened to CCHS) is a rare condition where a person’s brain and autonomic nervous system do not control breathing automatically in a ...
Central Congenital Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS)
Central congenital hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare condition present from birth (or sometimes showing later) where the brain’s automatic breathing control does not work well, especially ...
Central Hypoventilation Syndrome
Central hypoventilation syndrome means the brain does not send a strong enough “breathe” signal, especially during sleep. Because of this, a person breathes too shallowly or too slowly ...
