Disease A-Z Library
ABCC8-Related Congenital Hyperinsulinism
ABCC8-related congenital hyperinsulinism is a genetic condition where the pancreas makes too much insulin even when blood sugar is low. The extra insulin pushes sugar from...
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Rx Endocrinology, Enzymes and Hormonal Diseases (A – Z)
Hormones and enzymes are distinct biological substances with different functions: hormones are chemical messengers released by endocrine glands to regulate various bodily processes by traveling through the bloodstream, while enzymes are protein catalysts produced by glands to speed up specific chemical reactions, often working at their site of production or within a duct system. The term “endocrine enzymes” is a misnomer; enzymes are catalysts, and hormones are chemical messengers, although some endocrine glands, like the pancreas, also produce exocrine enzymes for digestion in addition to endocrine hormones like insulin and glucagon.
Hormones / enzymes / endocrine system
Sex hormone
Growth hormone
Thyroid hormones
Glucagon
Cortisol
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Insulin
Parathyroid hormone
Testosterone
Calcitonin
Triiodothyronine
Leptin
Somatostatin
Vasopressin
Aldosterone
Growth hormone–releasing hormone
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Cholecystokinin
Oxytocin
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Erythropoietin
Melatonin
Ghrelin
Estradiol
Dehydroepiandrosterone
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
Secretin
Pancreatic polypeptide
Thyroxine
150 articlesUpdated medical education library
Diseases A-Z
A
- ABCC8-Related Congenital Hyperinsulinism
- Acanthosis Nigricans
- Acral Acanthosis Nigricans
- Acral Acanthotic Anomaly
- Acral Dry Gangrene
- Acromegaly
- Adrenal Adenoma
- Adrenal Insufficiency
- Adrenal Insufficiency – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment
- Advanced Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder
- AIRE Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy
- Alopecia-nail dystrophy-ophthalmic complications-thyroid dysfunction syndrome
- Amyloid-Producing Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
- Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
- Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
- ANOTHER Syndrome
- APECED (Autoimmune-Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal-Dystrophy)
- Aromatase Excess Syndrome (AES)
- Arrhenoblastoma
- Aspartylglucosaminidase (AGA) Deficiency
- Aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU)
- Ataxia–Diabetes–Goiter–Gonadal Insufficiency Syndrome
- Athyreosis
- Athyroidal Hypothyroidism with Spiky Hair and Cleft Palate
- Autoimmune Addison’s Disease
- Autoimmune Polyendocrine (Polyglandular) Syndrome Type 2 (APS-2)
- Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1 (APS-1)
- Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 3 (APS-3)
- Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy (APECED)
- Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy from AIRE Mutation
- Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy Type 2 (APS-2)
- Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy Type 3 (APS-3)
- Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 2 (APS-2)
- Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 3 (APS-3)
- Autoimmune Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
- Autosomal Dominant Hyperinsulinism due to Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) Deficiency
- Autosomal Dominant Idiopathic Growth Hormone Deficiency Type II (IGHD-II)
- Autosomal Dominant Isolated Somatotropin (Growth Hormone) Deficiency (IGHD Type II)
- Autosomal Dominant Pituitary Dwarfism due to Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency (IGHD, Type II)
- Autosomal Recessive Hyperinsulinism Due to Sulfonylurea Receptor-1 (SUR1) Deficiency
- Autosomal Recessive Hyperinsulinism Due to SUR1 (ABCC8) Deficiency
- Autosomal-Recessive Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia From Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) Deficiency
C
- Central Diabetes Insipidus
- Cerebellar ataxia with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
- Cerebellar Ataxia–Hypogonadism Syndrome
- Choreoathetosis and Congenital Hypothyroidism with Pulmonary Dysfunction
- Choreoathetosis with Congenital Hypothyroidism and Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NKX2-1)
- Chronic Upper Facial Erythematous Edema
- Classic Galactosemia
- Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency (CPHD)
- Complement Deficiency
- Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS)
- Congenital Central Hypothyroidism
- Congenital Estrogen Deficiency
- Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (CHH)
- Cranial Diabetes Insipidus
- Cretinism
- Cushing’s Syndrome
D
E
- Endocrine Sipple Syndrome
- Endocrine Wagenmann-Froboese Syndrome
- Endocrinopathy
- Enteropathy-Respiratory Tract Infection Syndrome
- Estrogen Hormone – Types, Indications, Contraindications
- Estrogen Insensitivity Syndrome (EIS)
- Estrogen Pills – Uses, Indications, Contraindications
- Excess Ovarian Androgen Release Syndrome
- Excessive Serotonin Secretion
F
G
H
- HAIR-AN Syndrome
- Heat Exhaustion
- Hereditary Prepubertal Gynecomastia
- Hormonal Tumor
- Hormone Secretion – Anatomy, Types, Functions
- Hormones – Types, Functions, Clinical Feature, Significance
- Hyaluronidase 2 Deficiency
- Hyperandrogenism–insulin resistance–acanthosis nigricans syndrome
- Hyperprolactinemic SAHA (Sudden and Acute Hyperprolactinemia with Associated Symptoms)
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypogenitalism
- Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Hypoparathyroidism–Addison Disease–Mucocutaneous Candidiasis Syndrome
- Hypothalamic-Pituitary Hypothyroidism
- Hypothyroidism
- Hypothyroidism and Cleft Palate Syndrome
L
M
- Mechanisms of Hormone Action – All About You Can Know
- Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
- Morris Syndrome
- Mucosal Neuromata with Endocrine Tumors
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN)
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 3
- Multiple Mucosal Neuroma Syndrome
- Multiple Pituitary Hormone Deficiencies (MPHD)
- Myxedema
P
- Pancreas – Anatomy, Types, Structure, Functions
- Panhypopituitarism
- Persistent Adrenarche Syndrome
- Pheochromocytoma
- Pituitary Diabetes Insipidus
- Pituitary Macroadenoma
- Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
- Polyendocrinopathy
- Primary Hyperparathyroidism – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment
- Progressive Cerebellar Ataxia with Hypogonadism
- Pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA)
- PTC Syndrome
S
T
- T-cell and B-cell Dysfunction
- Testicular Feminization Syndrome
- Thyroid Acropachy
- Thyroid Eye Disease
- Thyroid Hormone – Types, Functions, Clinical Significance
- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Deficiency
- Thyrotropin Deficiency
- Transverse Tessier Number 7 Facial Cleft
- Types of Aldosteronism
- Types of Endocrinological Diseases and Disorders
- Types of Hyperparathyroidism
Featured articles
Disease A-Z Library
Acanthosis Nigricans
Acanthosis nigricans Type II is a skin condition that can affect people of all ages. In this article, we will break down what it is, what...
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Acral Acanthosis Nigricans
Acral acanthosis nigricans is a skin condition that affects the appearance and texture of the skin, particularly in the acral areas, which include the hands and...
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Acral Acanthotic Anomaly
Acral Acanthotic Anomaly (AAA) is a rare skin condition that can affect individuals of all ages. While it may sound complex, we’ll break down the key...
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Acral Dry Gangrene
Acral dry gangrene is a serious medical condition characterized by the death of tissue in the extremities, such as fingers and toes, due to reduced blood...
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Acromegaly
Acromegaly is a rare hormonal disorder that affects people when their bodies produce too much growth hormone. This article aims to explain acromegaly in plain English,...
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Adrenal Adenoma
Adrenal adenoma, a small non-cancerous tumor found on the adrenal gland, can sometimes lead to various health issues. In this article, we’ll provide a clear and...
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Adrenal Insufficiency
Adrenal Insufficiency, also known as SAHA Syndrome, is a medical condition that affects the adrenal glands, small organs located on top of your kidneys. These glands...
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Adrenal Insufficiency – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment
Adrenal insufficiency is a disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands don’t make enough of certain hormones. The adrenal glands are located just above the kidneys. Adrenal...
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Advanced Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder
Advanced Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder is a body-clock (circadian) condition. In this disorder, the person’s internal clock runs earlier than normal. Because of this, sleepiness arrives very...
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AIRE Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy
AIRE autoimmune polyendocrinopathy—the classic disorder caused by changes (variants) in the AIRE gene and widely known as Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy (APECED) or Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome type...
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Alopecia-nail dystrophy-ophthalmic complications-thyroid dysfunction syndrome
Alopecia-nail dystrophy-ophthalmic complications-thyroid dysfunction syndrome is a complex medical condition with a long name, but we’re here to break it down for you in simple terms....
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Disease A-Z Library
Choreoathetosis with Congenital Hypothyroidism and Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NKX2-1)
Choreoathetosis with congenital hypothyroidism and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome this triad sits on the spectrum of NKX2-1–related disorders, sometimes nicknamed brain–lung–thyroid (BLT) syndrome. The single, central...
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Choreoathetosis and Congenital Hypothyroidism with Pulmonary Dysfunction
Choreoathetosis and congenital hypothyroidism with pulmonary dysfunction also call it brain–lung–thyroid (BLT) syndrome or an NKX2-1–related disorder, because it is usually caused by a harmful change...
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Brain-Lung-Thyroid Syndrome
Brain-Lung-Thyroid syndrome is a rare genetic condition that can affect the brain (movement control and development), the lungs (breathing), and the thyroid gland (hormone production). The...
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Bangstad Syndrome
Bangstad syndrome is a very rare inherited disorder. It affects growth, movement, hormones, and several body systems from birth. Babies are usually small before birth and...
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Ataxia–Diabetes–Goiter–Gonadal Insufficiency Syndrome
Ataxia–diabetes–goiter–gonadal insufficiency syndrome—better known as Bangstad syndrome—is an extremely rare, inherited disorder first described in 1989. It combines problems with movement and balance (ataxia), early insulin-resistant...
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Hypothyroidism and Cleft Palate Syndrome
Hypothyroidism and cleft palate syndrome is a rare genetic condition in which a baby is born with an under-active or missing thyroid gland (congenital hypothyroidism) and...
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Athyroidal Hypothyroidism with Spiky Hair and Cleft Palate
This condition is a genetic syndrome. Babies are born without a thyroid gland or with a very tiny thyroid (so they have congenital hypothyroidism). They also...
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Familial Infantile Hypercalcemia with Suppressed Intact Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Familial infantile hypercalcemia (FIH) is a rare, inherited problem where a baby or young child has too much calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia) even though the...
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Autosomal Recessive Hyperinsulinism Due to Sulfonylurea Receptor-1 (SUR1) Deficiency
Autosomal recessive hyperinsulinism due to SUR1 deficiency is a rare genetic condition that starts at birth or soon after. The pancreas makes too much insulin even...
Read articleDisease A-Z Library
ABCC8-Related Congenital Hyperinsulinism
ABCC8-related congenital hyperinsulinism is a genetic condition where the pancreas makes too much insulin even when blood sugar is low. The extra insulin pushes sugar from...
Read articleDisease A-Z Library
Autosomal Recessive Hyperinsulinism Due to SUR1 (ABCC8) Deficiency
Autosomal recessive hyperinsulinism due to SUR1 deficiency is a rare genetic condition in which the pancreas makes too much insulin even when blood sugar is already...
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Autosomal-Recessive Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia From Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) Deficiency
Autosomal-recessive hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia from Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) deficiency is a rare genetic disorder where the beta-cells of the pancreas release too much insulin even when blood sugar...
Read articleDisease A-Z Library
KCNJ11-Related Congenital Hyperinsulinism
KCNJ11-related congenital hyperinsulinism is a rare condition where a baby’s pancreas releases too much insulin. Insulin lowers blood sugar. When insulin is released in excess, a...
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Pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA)
Pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) is a group of rare conditions where the body makes aldosterone normally (often in high amounts) but kidney or other tissues do not respond...
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Autosomal Dominant Idiopathic Growth Hormone Deficiency Type II (IGHD-II)
IGHD-II is a rare, inherited form of growth hormone (GH) deficiency. “Autosomal dominant” means a child can have the condition if they inherit a single changed...
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Autosomal Dominant Pituitary Dwarfism due to Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency (IGHD, Type II)
Autosomal dominant pituitary dwarfism due to isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD type II) is a genetic condition where the pituitary gland does not make enough growth...
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Autosomal Dominant Isolated Somatotropin (Growth Hormone) Deficiency (IGHD Type II)
Autosomal dominant isolated somatotropin deficiency—often called isolated growth hormone deficiency type II (IGHD-II)—is a genetic condition where the pituitary gland makes too little growth hormone (GH)...
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Autosomal Dominant Hyperinsulinism due to Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) Deficiency
Autosomal dominant hyperinsulinism from KCNJ11 (Kir6.2) loss-of-function means the potassium channels (called KATP channels) on the beta cells in the pancreas do not open normally. When...
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Autoimmune Addison’s Disease
Autoimmune Addison’s disease happens when your immune system mistakenly attacks the outer layer of your adrenal glands. The damaged glands can’t make enough cortisol (the stress...
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Autoimmune Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency happens when your immune system mistakenly attacks your own adrenal glands (two small glands that sit on top of the kidneys). Over...
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