Disease A-Z Library

Arthritis, and Chronic Pain (A – Z)

Browse plain-English disease and condition guides, including symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment options, prevention, and when to seek medical care.

480 articlesUpdated medical education library

Diseases A-Z

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Disease A-Z Library

Axial osteosclerosis

Axial osteosclerosis means the bones of the axial skeleton become extra dense and hard. The axial skeleton is the spine, ribs, sternum, and pelvis. In axial...

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Phlebectatic Osteohypoplastic Angiodysplasia

Phlebectatic osteohypoplastic angiodysplasia—much better known to clinicians as Servelle–Martorell syndrome (SMS)—is a rare, congenital venous malformation that mostly affects one limb. The hallmark triad is (1)...

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Angio Osteohypotrophic Syndrome

Angio-osteohypotrophic syndrome (Servelle–Martorell syndrome) is a very rare, congenital (present at birth) vascular anomaly. The core problem is a network of abnormally formed, slow-flow veins (venous...

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Giant Cell Arteritis

Giant cell arteritis is a serious condition in which the walls of medium- and large-sized arteries (the blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart) become...

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Osteitis

Osteitis is the medical term for inflammation of bone tissue. In simple terms, it means the bone itself is reacting with redness, swelling, and sometimes pain,...

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Pseudogout

Pseudogout, also known as calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD), is a joint condition where tiny calcium crystals build up in the cartilage and fluid of a...

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Neoplastic (Leukemic) Dactylitis

Neoplastic (leukemic) dactylitis is a rare form of “sausage digit” swelling caused not by infection or autoimmune disease, but by direct infiltration of malignant blood cells—most...

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Traumatic Dactylitis

Traumatic dactylitis is a specific form of dactylitis—often called “sausage digit”—in which inflammation affects an entire finger or toe following a physical injury to that digit....

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Osteomyelitis-Induced Dactylitis

Osteomyelitis‐induced dactylitis is the inflammation of an entire finger or toe (“digit”) that arises when an infection of the bone (osteomyelitis) spreads into the surrounding soft...

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Septic (Pyogenic) Dactylitis

Septic (pyogenic) dactylitis is an acute infection of a finger or toe—often called a “sausage digit”—characterized by rapid onset of pain, redness, warmth, and diffuse swelling...

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Gouty Dactylitis

Gouty dactylitis is a form of dactylitis—often called “sausage digit”—that arises when monosodium urate (MSU) crystals deposit in the soft tissues of a finger or toe,...

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Sarcoid Dactylitis

Sarcoid dactylitis is a rare form of sarcoidosis in which clusters of inflammatory cells called granulomas collect in the bones of the fingers or toes. Unlike...

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Syphilitic Dactylitis

Tuberculous dactylitis, also called spina ventosa, is a form of skeletal tuberculosis in which Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects the short tubular bones of the hands or feet....

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Spina Ventosa

Spina Ventosa, also known as tubercular dactylitis, is a rare form of skeletal tuberculosis affecting the short tubular bones of the hands and feet. It derives...

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Shoulder Tuberculous Arthropathy

Shoulder tuberculous arthropathy is a condition that affects the shoulder joint due to tuberculosis infection. Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that commonly affects the lungs but...

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Peripheral Tuberculous Arthritis

Peripheral tuberculous arthritis is a type of arthritis caused by tuberculosis infection affecting the joints. This condition primarily impacts the peripheral joints, such as knees, hips,...

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Osteoarthritis Stenosis

Osteoarthritis stenosis is a condition that affects your joints and can cause pain and discomfort. In this article, we’ll break down what osteoarthritis stenosis is, its...

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Purpura Rheumatica

Purpura rheumatica is a rare but serious medical condition that affects the blood vessels in your body. In simple terms, it causes red or purple spots...

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