Areolar Atrophy of the Macula
Areolar atrophy of the macula means there is a clear, well-outlined “island” of damaged (thinned or missing) tissue in the macula, the small center part of the retina that gives sharp reading vision. ...
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A – Z)
Central Areolar Choroidal Dystrophy
Central areolar choroidal dystrophy (often shortened to CACD) is a rare inherited (genetic) eye disease that mainly damages the macula, the small center area of the retina that you use for reading ...
Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome (MALS)
Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is a rare condition where a band of tissue under the diaphragm (the median arcuate ligament) presses on the celiac artery (a major artery that feeds the upper ...
Dunbar Syndrome
Dunbar syndrome is a rare condition where a tight band of tissue under the diaphragm (the median arcuate ligament) presses on the celiac artery (a major artery that sends blood to the upper ...
Celiac Artery Compression Syndrome
Celiac artery compression syndrome is a rare condition where a tight fibrous band of the diaphragm (called the median arcuate ligament) presses on the celiac artery (a main blood vessel that feeds ...
Celiac Trunk Compression Syndrome
Celiac trunk compression syndrome is a rare condition where a tight band of tissue from the diaphragm (called the median arcuate ligament) presses on the celiac artery (also called the celiac trunk) ...
Tracheopulmonary Myiasis
Tracheopulmonary myiasis means fly larvae (maggots) live inside the breathing tubes or lungs. The larvae may be in the trachea (windpipe), bronchi (main breathing tubes), or deeper in the air ...
Multifocal Ventricular Premature Heart Beats
Multifocal ventricular premature beats are extra heartbeats that start too early in the lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles) and come from more than one spot inside the ventricles. On an ECG ...
Bidirectional Tachycardia Induced by Catecholamine
Bidirectional tachycardia induced by catecholamine is a special type of dangerous fast heart rhythm that usually means a person has catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), a ...
Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT)
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, usually called CPVT, is a rare inherited heart rhythm problem. It causes very fast and dangerous heartbeats from the lower chambers of the heart ...
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy with Hypotonia and Lactic Acidosis
“Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with hypotonia and lactic acidosis” describes a pattern of disease where (1) the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM), (2) body ...
Dilated Cardiomyopathy Caused by Anthracycline Toxicity
Dilated cardiomyopathy from anthracyclines is a type of heart muscle weakness that can happen after receiving chemotherapy drugs such as doxorubicin, epirubicin, daunorubicin, or idarubicin. These ...
Cardiomyopathy due to Anthracyclines
Cardiomyopathy due to anthracyclines means heart muscle damage caused by cancer drugs in the anthracycline family (for example doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin). These medicines can ...
Sagittal Craniostenosis with Congenital Heart Disease, Mental Deficiency and Mandibular Ankylosis
Sagittal craniostenosis with congenital heart disease, mental deficiency and mandibular ankylosis doctors today usually group it under Pfeiffer-type cardiocranial syndrome is a birth condition where ...
Congenital Valvular Heart Disease
Congenital valvular heart disease means one or more heart valves were formed abnormally before birth. The valve can be too tight (stenosis), too leaky (regurgitation), under-developed, malformed (for ...
Myxomatous Valvular Dystrophy
Myxomatous valvular dystrophy means the mitral valve’s leaflet tissue becomes stretchy and thick with extra “myxoid” (gel-like) material. The leaflets and their supporting chords may lengthen and ...
FLNA-Related Valvular Dystrophy
FLNA-related valvular dystrophy is a rare, inherited heart condition. It happens when a change (variant) in the FLNA gene weakens the support structure inside valve cells. The valve tissue becomes ...
Congenital Valvular Dysplasia
Congenital valvular dysplasia means one or more of the heart’s four valves (aortic, pulmonary, mitral, tricuspid) do not develop with normal shape, size, or tissue structure in the fetus. The leaflet ...
Cardiac Valvular Dysplasia, X-Linked
Cardiac valvular dysplasia, X-linked is a rare inherited heart condition where one or more heart valves are abnormally formed and become thick, soft (myxomatous), and leaky or narrowed over time. The ...
Ventricular Diverticulum
A ventricular diverticulum is a small pouch that grows out from the wall of a heart ventricle (the pumping chamber). The pouch is connected to the ventricle by a neck. Its wall is “true” heart wall. ...
