List of Musculoskeletal Disorders; Treatment

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Article Summary

List of Musculoskeletal Disorders(MSDs) is injuries or pain in the human musculoskeletal system, including the joints, ligaments, muscles, nerves, tendons, and structures that support limbs, neck, and back. MSDs can arise from a sudden exertion (e.g., lifting a heavy object), or they can arise from making the same motions repeatedly repetitive strain, or from repeated exposure to force vibration, or awkward posture. Injuries and pain in the musculoskeletal system caused by acute traumatic...

Key Takeaways

  • This article explains Disorders of Muscle in simple medical language.
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Definition

List of Musculoskeletal Disorders(MSDs) is injuries or in the human musculoskeletal system, including the joints, , muscles, nerves, , and structures that support limbs, neck, and back. MSDs can arise from a sudden exertion (e.g., lifting a heavy object), or they can arise from making the same motions repeatedly repetitive , or from repeated exposure to force vibration, or awkward posture. Injuries and pain in the musculoskeletal system caused by traumatic events like a car accident or fall are not considered musculoskeletal disorders. MSDs can affect many different parts of the body including upper and , neck, shoulders, and extremities (arms, legs, feet, and hands). Examples of MSDs include , epicondylitis, , tension neck , and hand-arm vibration syndrome.

Musculoskeletal system diseases our joint tissues become less resilient to wear and tear and start to degenerate manifesting as , pain, and oftentimes, loss of mobility of joints. Changes occur in both joint soft tissues and the opposing bones, a condition called . A more serious form

Disorders of Muscle

  • Inflammatory myopathies
  • Polymyositis
  • Dermatomyositis
  • Inclusion body
  • Myotonia Congenita
  • Muscular dystrophies:
  • Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
  • Becker muscular dystrophy
  • Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy
  • Limb girdle muscular dystrophy
  • Centronuclear myopathy
  • Myotonic dystrophy
  • Mitochondrial myopathies

Disorders of the neuromuscular junction

  • Myasthenia Gravis
  • Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome
  • Botulism poisoning
  • Organophosphate poisoning
  • Hypermagnesemia
  • Hypocalcemia

Disorders of Nerves

  • Carpal tunnel syndrome
  • Ulnar at the elbow
  • Radial nerve palsy (Saturday night palsy)
  • Peroneal (fibular) nerve palsy
  • Diabetic neuropathy
  • Alcohol related neuropathy
  • Nutritional neuropathy
  • Amyloid neuropathy
  • AIDP
  • CIDP
  • Laryngeal neuropathy
  • Pudendal neuropathy
  • Femoral neuropathy
  • Sciatic Neuropathy
  • Tibial neuropathy
  • Tarsal tunnel syndrome
  • Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome
  • Zoster neuropathy
  • Oculomotor, Facial, vagal, trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, spinal accessory neuropathies
  • Hemifacial
  • Multifocal motor neuropathy
  • Axillary neuropathy
  • Long neuropathy
  • Suprascapular neuropathy
  • Toxic neuropathies
  • Drug-induced neuropathies

Plexus disorders

  • Neuralgic Amyotrophy ( brachial plexitis)
  • Traumatic brachial plexopathy
  • Lumbosacral
  • Hirayama disease

Root disorders

  • , thoracic, , sacral radiculopathy
  • Arachnoiditis
  • Leptomeningeal disorders

Motor neuron disease

  • Amyotrophic lateral
  • West Nile virus
  • Poliomyelitis
  • Kennedy’s syndrome (Spinobulbar muscular ).

Musculoskeletal Diseases

  • Absence of with polydactyly
  • Absent
  • Acheiropody
  • Achondrogenesis type 1A
  • Achondrogenesis type 1B
  • Achondrogenesis type 2
  • Achondroplasia
  • Acro-pectoro- field defect
  • Acrocallosal syndrome, Schinzel type
  • Acrocapitofemoral dysplasia
  • Acrocephalopolydactylous dysplasia
  • Acrodysostosis
  • Acrodysplasia
  • Acrofrontofacionasal dysostosis syndrome
  • Acromelic frontonasal dysostosis
  • Acromesomelic dysplasia
  • Acromesomelic dysplasia Hunter Thompson type
  • Acromesomelic dysplasia Maroteaux type
  • Acromicric dysplasia
  • Acroosteolysis dominant type
  • Acropectoral syndrome
  • Acropectorovertebral dysplasia F form
  • Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis
  • Adactylia unilateral
  • Adams-Oliver syndrome
  • Adenosine Deaminase 2 deficiency
  • Anauxetic dysplasia
  • Angel shaped phalangoepiphyseal dysplasia
  • Ankylosing spondylitis – Not a rare disease
  • Ankylosing vertebral hyperostosis with tylosis
  • Anonychia-onychodystrophy with hypoplasia or absence of distal phalanges
  • Autosomal dominant spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda
  • Autosomal recessive early-onset inflammatory bowel disease
  • Autosomal recessive protein C deficiency
  • Benallegue Lacete syndrome
  • Bethlem myopathy
  • Beukes familial hip dysplasia
  • Blau syndrome
  • Brachycephalofrontonasal dysplasia
  • Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency
  • Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome
  • Erdheim-Chester disease
  • Familial tumoral calcinosis
  • Fanconi anemia
  • Feingold syndrome
  • Felty’s syndrome
  • Femoral facial syndrome
  • Femur bifid with monodactylous ectrodactyly
  • Femur fibula ulna syndrome
  • Fetal thalidomide syndrome
  • Fibrochondrogenesis
  • Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
  • Freiberg’s disease
  • Frontofacionasal dysplasia
  • Frontometaphyseal dysplasia
  • Frontonasal dysplasia
  • Fryns Hofkens Fabry syndrome
  • Fucosidosis
  • Geleophysic dwarfism
  • Genitopatellar syndrome
  • Goldenhar disease
  • Goodman syndrome
  • Gorham’s disease
  • Gracile bone dysplasia
  • Grant syndrome
  • Hypophosphatemic rickets
  • Johnson Munson syndrome
  • Juvenile dermatomyositis
  • Juvenile osteoporosis
  • Juvenile Paget disease
  • Kniest like dysplasia lethal
  • Kohler disease
  • Kyphomelic dysplasia
  • Lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital syndrome
  • Lenz Majewski hyperostotic dwarfism
  • Macrophagic myofasciitis
  • Median cleft of upper lip with polyps of facial skin and nasal mucosa
  • Meier-Gorlin syndrome
  • Melnick-Needles syndrome
  • Melorheostosis
  • Melorheostosis with osteopoikilosis
  • Mental retardation skeletal dysplasia abducens palsy
  • Mesomelia-synostoses syndrome
  • Mesomelic dwarfism cleft palate camptodactyly
  • Microsomia hemifacial radial defects
  • Miller syndrome
  • Minicore myopathy with external ophthalmoplegia
  • Monomelic amyotrophy
  • Muckle-Wells syndrome
  • Muenke Syndrome
  • Multicentric carpotarsal osteolysis syndrome
  • Multicentric osteolysis nephropathy
  • Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia
  • Multiple sulfatase deficiency
  • Myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy
  • Myotonic dystrophy
  • Myotonic dystrophy type 2
  • Nager acrofacial dysostosis
  • Nail-patella syndrome
  • Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine – Not a rare disease
  • Osteoarthropathy of fingers familial
  • Osteochondritis dissecans
  • Osteodysplasia familial Anderson type Osteopoikilosis and dacryocystitis
  • Osteoporosis oculocutaneous hypopigmentation syndrome
  • Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome
  • Osteosarcoma
  • Pachydermoperiostosis
  • Parastremmatic dwarfism
  • Phocomelia ectrodactyly deafness sinus arrhythmia
  • Pleoconial myopathy with salt craving
  • Poland syndrome
  • Polycystic bone disease
  • Proteus syndrome
  • Proximal symphalangism
  • Pseudoachondroplasia
  • Psoriatic juvenile idiopathic arthritis
  • Pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum and acne
  • Raine syndrome
  • Reactive arthritis
  • Richieri Costa Da Silva syndrome
  • Rigid spine syndrome
  • Roberts syndrome
  • Saethre-Chotzen syndrome
  • Shprintzen-Goldberg craniosynostosis syndrome
  • Shwachman-Diamond syndrome
  • Sickle beta thalassemia
  • Sickle cell anemia
  • Spheroid body myopathy
  • Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Aggrecan type
  • Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita
  • Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia Maroteaux type
  • Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda X-linked
  • Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia-brachydactyly and distinctive speech
  • Spondylometaepiphyseal dysplasia short limb-hand type
  • Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia Algerian type
  • Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia corner fracture type
  • Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia Sedaghatian type
  • Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia type A4
  • Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with cone-rod dystrophy
  • Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with dentinogenesis imperfecta
  • Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia X-linked
  • Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, Kozlowski type
  • Spondyloperipheral dysplasia
  • Spondylothoracic dysostosis
  • Sprengel deformity
  • Stiff person syndrome
  • Stuve-Wiedemann syndrome
  • Summitt syndrome
  • Symphalangism with multiple anomalies of hands and feet
  • Syndactyly Cenani Lenz type
  • Syndactyly-polydactyly-earlobe syndrome
  • Syngnathia multiple anomalies
  • Synovial Chondromatosis
  • Systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis
  • TARP syndrome
  • Tarsal carpal coalition syndrome
  • Tarsal tunnel syndrome
  • Tetra-amelia syndrome
  • Tetraamelia multiple malformations X-linked
  • Tetramelic monodactyly
  • Thanatophoric dysplasia type 1
  • Thanatophoric dysplasia type 2
  • Thoracic dysplasia hydrocephalus syndrome
  • Thoracolaryngopelvic dysplasia
  • Thoracomelic dysplasia
  • Tibia absent polydactyly arachnoid cyst
  • Townes-Brocks syndrome
  • Treacher Collins syndrome
  • Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome
  • Trichohepatoenteric syndrome
  • syndrome type 1
  • Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 2
  • Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 3
  • Trigonobrachycephaly, bulbous bifid nose, micrognathia, and abnormalities of the hands and feet
  • Triphalangeal thumbs brachyectrodactyly
  • Trochlea of the humerus aplasia of
  • Trochlear dysplasia
  • Troyer syndrome
  • Tubular aggregate myopathy
  • Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome
  • Ulna and fibula, hypoplasia of
  • Ulna hypoplasia-intellectual disability syndrome
  • Ulna metaphyseal dysplasia syndrome
  • Ulnar hypoplasia lobster claw deformity of feet
  • Ulnar-mammary syndrome
  • Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma
  • Upington disease
  • Verloes Bourguignon syndrome
  • Viljoen Kallis Voges syndrome
  • Warman Mulliken Hayward syndrome
  • Weaver syndrome
  • Weill-Marchesani syndrome
  • Weissenbacher-Zweymuller syndrome
  • Weyers acrofacial dysostosis
  • Wildervanck syndrome
  • Wrinkly skin syndrome
  • X-linked dominant scapuloperoneal myopathy
  • X-linked hypophosphatemia
  • X-linked intellectual disability-plagiocephaly syndrome
  • Yunis-Varon syndrome

References

List of Musculoskeletal Disorders; Treatment

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Prepare before seeing a doctor

A simple rural-patient checklist to help you explain symptoms clearly, ask better questions, and avoid unsafe self-treatment.

Safety note: This is not a prescription or diagnosis. For severe symptoms, pregnancy danger signs, children with serious illness, chest pain, breathing difficulty, stroke-like weakness, or major injury, seek urgent care.

Which doctor may help?

Start with a registered doctor or the nearest qualified health center.

What to tell the doctor

  • Write when the problem started and how it changed.
  • Bring old prescriptions, investigation reports, and current medicines.
  • Write allergies, pregnancy status, diabetes, kidney/liver disease, and major past illnesses.
  • Bring one family member if the patient is weak, elderly, confused, or a child.

Questions to ask

  • What is the most likely cause of my symptoms?
  • Which danger signs mean I should go to hospital quickly?
  • Which tests are necessary now, and which can wait?
  • How should I take medicines safely and what side effects should I watch for?
  • When should I come for follow-up?

Tests to discuss

  • Vital signs: temperature, pulse, blood pressure, oxygen saturation
  • Basic physical examination by a clinician
  • CBC, urine test, blood sugar, or imaging only when clinically needed

Avoid these mistakes

  • Do not use antibiotics, steroid tablets/injections, or strong painkillers without proper medical advice.
  • Do not hide pregnancy, kidney disease, ulcer, allergy, or blood thinner use.
  • Do not delay emergency care when danger signs are present.

Medicine safety and first-aid guide

This section is for patient education only. It does not replace a doctor, pharmacist, or emergency care.

Safe first steps

  • Avoid heavy lifting, sudden bending, and prolonged bed rest.
  • Use comfortable posture and gentle movement as tolerated.
  • Discuss physiotherapy, X-ray, or MRI only when clinically needed.

OTC medicine safety

  • For mild back pain, pain-relief medicine may be discussed with a doctor or pharmacist.
  • Avoid repeated painkiller use if you have kidney disease, stomach ulcer, uncontrolled blood pressure, or are taking blood thinners.

Avoid these mistakes

  • Do not start antibiotics without a proper medical decision.
  • Do not use steroid tablets or injections casually for quick relief.
  • Do not delay emergency care because of home remedies.

Get urgent help if

  • Back pain with leg weakness, numbness around private area, loss of urine/stool control, fever, cancer history, or major injury needs urgent care.
Medicine names, dose, and timing must be decided by a qualified clinician or pharmacist after checking age, pregnancy, allergy, other diseases, and current medicines.

For rural patients and family caregivers

Patient health record and symptom diary

Write your symptoms, medicines already taken, test results, and questions before visiting a doctor. This note stays on your device unless you print or copy it.

Doctor to discuss: Orthopedic / spine specialist, physical medicine doctor, or qualified clinician
Tests to discuss with doctor
  • Neurological examination for leg power, sensation, reflexes, and straight leg raise
  • X-ray only if injury, deformity, long-lasting pain, or doctor suspects bone problem
  • MRI discussion if severe nerve symptoms, weakness, bladder/bowel problem, or persistent symptoms
Questions to ask
  • What is the most likely cause of my symptoms?
  • Which warning signs mean I should go to emergency care?
  • Which tests are really needed now?
  • Which medicines are safe for my age, pregnancy status, allergy, kidney/liver/stomach condition, and current medicines?
  • Is physiotherapy, posture correction, or activity modification needed?

Emergency warning signs such as chest pain, severe breathing difficulty, sudden weakness, confusion, severe dehydration, major injury, or loss of bladder/bowel control need urgent medical care. Do not wait for online information.

Safe pathway to proper treatment

Care roadmap for: List of Musculoskeletal Disorders; Treatment

Use this simple roadmap to understand the next safe steps. It is educational and does not replace examination by a doctor.

Go to emergency care if you notice:
  • Severe or rapidly worsening symptoms
  • Breathing difficulty, chest pain, fainting, confusion, severe weakness, major injury, or severe dehydration
Doctor / service to discuss: Qualified healthcare provider; specialist depends on symptoms and examination.
  1. Step 1

    Check danger signs first

    If danger signs are present, seek emergency care and do not wait for online information.

  2. Step 2

    Record the symptom story

    Write when symptoms started, severity, medicines already taken, allergies, pregnancy status, and test results.

  3. Step 3

    Visit a qualified clinician

    A doctor, nurse, or qualified healthcare provider can examine you and decide which tests or treatment are needed.

  4. Step 4

    Do only useful tests

    Do tests after clinical assessment. Avoid unnecessary tests, random antibiotics, or repeated medicines without diagnosis.

  5. Step 5

    Follow up and return early if worse

    If symptoms worsen, new warning signs appear, or treatment is not helping, return for review quickly.

Rural patient practical tips
  • Take a written symptom diary and all previous prescriptions/test reports.
  • Do not hide medicines already taken, even herbal or over-the-counter medicines.
  • Ask which warning signs mean urgent referral to hospital.

This roadmap is for education. A real diagnosis and treatment plan requires history, examination, and clinical judgment.

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