Adenoid Hypertrophy

Last updated: February 8, 2026Reviewed date: February 8, 2026Reading time: 9 min read
Patient Tools

Read, save, and share this guide

Use these quick tools to make this medical article easier to read, print, save, or share with a family member.

Patient Mode

Understand this article easily

Switch between simple English and easy Bangla patient notes. This is for education and does not replace a doctor consultation.

Adenoid hypertrophy is a condition where the adenoids, which are small glands located at the back of the throat, become enlarged. This can cause various symptoms and complications, affecting both children and adults. Understanding its types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, medications, surgeries, preventions, and...

For severe symptoms, danger signs, pregnancy, child illness, or sudden worsening, seek urgent medical care.

বাংলা রোগী নোট এখনো যোগ করা হয়নি। পোস্ট এডিটরে “RX Bangla Patient Mode” বক্স থেকে সহজ বাংলা সারাংশ যোগ করুন।

এই তথ্য শিক্ষা ও সচেতনতার জন্য। এটি ডাক্তারি পরীক্ষা, রোগ নির্ণয় বা প্রেসক্রিপশনের বিকল্প নয়।

Article Summary

Adenoid hypertrophy is a condition where the adenoids, which are small glands located at the back of the throat, become enlarged. This can cause various symptoms and complications, affecting both children and adults. Understanding its types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, medications, surgeries, preventions, and when to seek medical help is essential for managing this condition effectively. Adenoid hypertrophy refers to the enlargement of the...

Key Takeaways

  • This article explains Causes in simple medical language.
  • This article explains Symptoms in simple medical language.
  • This article explains Diagnostic Tests in simple medical language.
  • This article explains Treatments in simple medical language.
Educational health guideWritten for patient understanding and clinical awareness.
Reviewed content workflowUse writer and reviewer profiles for stronger trust.
Emergency safety firstUrgent warning signs are highlighted below.

Seek urgent medical care if you notice

These warning signs are general safety guidance. Local emergency numbers and clinical judgment should always come first.

  • Severe symptoms, breathing difficulty, fainting, confusion, or rapidly worsening illness.
  • New weakness, severe pain, high fever, or symptoms after a serious injury.
  • Any symptom that feels urgent, unusual, or unsafe for the patient.
1

Emergency now

Use emergency care for severe, sudden, rapidly worsening, or life-threatening symptoms.

2

See a doctor

Book a professional medical evaluation if symptoms persist, worsen, recur often, affect daily activities, or occur in a high-risk patient.

3

Learn safely

Use this article to understand possible causes, tests, treatment options, prevention, and questions to ask your clinician.

Before reading

RX Patient Tools

Use these quick guides before reading the article, or return to them when you need help preparing questions for a doctor.

Start here Choose the right pathway for symptoms, reports, medicines, or urgent warning signs. Disease article roadmap Read this topic step by step: meaning, symptoms, warning signs, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and follow-up. Treatment planner Prepare questions about treatment choices, benefits, risks, side effects, and follow-up. Family & caregiver guide Organize symptoms, reports, medicines, questions, and follow-up safely. Nutrition & diet guide Prepare food, hydration, supplement, and medicine-timing questions safely. Prevention guide Organize risk factors, protective habits, screening, and warning signs. Recovery guide Prepare a safe plan for activity, rehabilitation, warning signs, and follow-up.
Definition

Adenoid hypertrophy is a condition where the adenoids, which are small glands located at the back of the throat, become enlarged. This can cause various symptoms and complications, affecting both children and adults. Understanding its types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, medications, surgeries, preventions, and when to seek medical help is essential for managing this condition effectively.

Adenoid hypertrophy refers to the enlargement of the adenoid glands, which are part of the lymphatic system. These glands are situated at the back of the nasal passage and play a role in helping the body fight infections.

Types

There are no specific types of adenoid hypertrophy, but the severity of enlargement can vary from person to person.

Causes

  1. Infections: Repeated infections, particularly of the upper respiratory tract, can lead to adenoid hypertrophy.
  2. Allergies: Chronic allergies, such as hay fever, can cause infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">inflammation and enlargement of the adenoids.
  3. Genetics: Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to adenoid hypertrophy.
  4. Secondhand Smoke: Exposure to secondhand smoke can increase the risk of adenoid enlargement.
  5. Environmental Factors: Poor air quality or exposure to pollutants may contribute to adenoid hypertrophy.
  6. Immune System Disorders: Certain autoimmune conditions can lead to infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">inflammation and enlargement of the adenoids.
  7. Nasal Irritation: Chronic nasal irritation, such as from pollutants or dry air, may play a role.
  8. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Acid reflux can irritate the throat and contribute to adenoid enlargement.
  9. Viral Infections: Certain viruses can cause infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">inflammation of the adenoids.
  10. Bacterial Infections: Infections caused by bacteria can also lead to adenoid hypertrophy.
  11. Age: Adenoid enlargement is more common in children, as the adenoids tend to shrink with age.
  12. Obesity: Obesity may be associated with adenoid hypertrophy, although the exact mechanism is not fully understood.
  13. Cleft Palate: Children born with a cleft palate may be more prone to adenoid enlargement.
  14. Down Syndrome: Individuals with Down syndrome may have larger adenoids.
  15. Tonsillectomy: In some cases, adenoid hypertrophy can occur after tonsil removal surgery.
  16. Cystic chronic injury or inflammation. সহজ বাংলা: অতিরিক্ত দাগের মতো টিস্যু তৈরি হওয়া।" data-rx-term="fibrosis" data-rx-definition="Fibrosis means excess scar-like tissue formation after chronic injury or inflammation. সহজ বাংলা: অতিরিক্ত দাগের মতো টিস্যু তৈরি হওয়া।">Fibrosis: This genetic disorder can lead to chronic sinus and respiratory infections, potentially contributing to adenoid enlargement.
  17. Sleep Apnea: Adenoid hypertrophy is a common cause of obstructive sleep apnea in children.
  18. Adenoiditis: Recurrent or chronic infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">inflammation of the adenoids can lead to hypertrophy.
  19. Nasal Polyps: These growths in the nasal passages can obstruct airflow and contribute to adenoid enlargement.
  20. Exposure to Airborne Allergens: Pollen, dust mites, and other allergens can trigger inflammation and adenoid hypertrophy in susceptible individuals.

Symptoms

  1. Nasal Congestion: Difficulty breathing through the nose due to blocked nasal passages.
  2. Snoring: Noisy breathing during sleep, often caused by obstruction of the airways.
  3. Mouth Breathing: Breathing predominantly through the mouth rather than the nose.
  4. Sleep Disturbances: Restless sleep, frequent awakenings, or difficulty falling asleep.
  5. Snoring: Loud, frequent snoring during sleep.
  6. Breathing Problems: Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity.
  7. Difficulty Swallowing: Feeling of discomfort or obstruction when swallowing.
  8. Ear Problems: Recurrent ear infections or fluid buildup in the middle ear.
  9. Runny Nose: Persistent nasal discharge or postnasal drip.
  10. Voice Changes: Nasal or muffled voice due to obstruction of the nasal passages.
  11. Fatigue: Feeling tired or lethargic during the day.
  12. Behavioral Issues: Irritability, difficulty concentrating, or poor performance in school (in children).
  13. Frequent Sore Throats: Recurrent episodes of throat discomfort or pain.
  14. Enlarged Tonsils: Adenoid hypertrophy is often associated with enlarged tonsils.
  15. Recurrent Sinus Infections: Chronic or recurrent infections of the sinuses.
  16. Restlessness: Fidgeting or tossing and turning during sleep.
  17. Morning Headaches: Headaches upon waking, often due to disrupted sleep patterns.
  18. Decreased Appetite: Loss of appetite or difficulty eating due to nasal obstruction.
  19. Bad Breath: Foul-smelling breath (halitosis) due to mouth breathing and bacterial growth.
  20. Sleep Apnea: Episodes of paused breathing during sleep, often accompanied by snorting or gasping sounds.

Diagnostic Tests

  1. Medical History: The doctor will ask about symptoms, previous illnesses, and family medical history.
  2. Physical Examination: Examination of the throat, nose, and ears to assess for signs of adenoid hypertrophy.
  3. Nasal Endoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera (endoscope) is inserted into the nasal passages to visualize the adenoids.
  4. X-ray: X-ray imaging may be used to assess the size of the adenoids and any associated complications.
  5. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A more detailed imaging study that provides cross-sectional images of the nasal and sinus passages.
  6. Allergy Testing: Skin prick tests or blood tests to identify potential allergens triggering adenoid enlargement.
  7. Sleep Study (Polysomnography): Monitoring of sleep patterns, breathing, and oxygen levels during sleep to diagnose sleep apnea.
  8. Throat Culture: Swabbing the throat to check for bacterial or viral infections.
  9. Blood Tests: Blood tests may be ordered to assess for signs of infection or inflammation.
  10. Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow (PNIF) Test: Measures the airflow through the nasal passages to assess for obstruction.

Treatments

  1. Nasal Saline Irrigation: Rinsing the nasal passages with saline solution to reduce congestion and inflammation.
  2. Steam Inhalation: Inhaling steam to moisten the nasal passages and relieve congestion.
  3. Humidifier Use: Using a humidifier to add moisture to the air, especially during dry seasons.
  4. Nasal Steroid Sprays: Prescription or over-the-counter sprays to reduce nasal inflammation.
  5. Antihistamines: Medications to control allergy symptoms and reduce adenoid inflammation.
  6. Decongestants: Temporary relief of nasal congestion, but should be used cautiously and for short durations.
  7. Nasal Dilators: Devices placed inside the nostrils to help keep them open during sleep.
  8. Adenoidectomy: Surgical removal of the adenoids, usually recommended for severe cases or when conservative treatments fail.
  9. Tonsillectomy: Removal of the tonsils may be performed concurrently with adenoidectomy in some cases.
  10. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Therapy: For individuals with sleep apnea, a CPAP machine delivers a continuous flow of air to keep the airway open during sleep.
  11. Weight Management: Losing excess weight can reduce the severity of adenoid hypertrophy, especially in obese individuals.
  12. Avoiding Allergens: Identifying and avoiding triggers such as pollen, dust, and pet dander.
  13. Elevating the Head of the Bed: Sleeping with the head elevated can help improve breathing during sleep.
  14. Hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids to keep nasal secretions thin and reduce congestion.
  15. Avoiding Irritants: Minimizing exposure to cigarette smoke, air pollution, and other respiratory irritants.
  16. Allergy Immunotherapy: Injections or sublingual tablets to desensitize the body to allergens.
  17. Intranasal Corticosteroid Implants: Biodegradable implants placed in the nasal passages to deliver controlled doses of steroid medication.
  18. Adenoid Radiofrequency Ablation: A minimally invasive procedure that uses radiofrequency energy to shrink the adenoids.
  19. Probiotics: Some research suggests that probiotics may help reduce the frequency of upper respiratory infections.
  20. Breathing Exercises: Techniques to improve nasal breathing and reduce mouth breathing.

Medications

  1. Fluticasone (Flonase): Nasal steroid spray to reduce inflammation.
  2. Loratadine (Claritin): Non-drowsy antihistamine for allergy relief.
  3. Cetirizine (Zyrtec): Antihistamine medication to alleviate allergy symptoms.
  4. Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed): Decongestant to relieve nasal congestion.
  5. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl): Antihistamine with sedative properties for nighttime relief.
  6. Montelukast (Singulair): Leukotriene receptor antagonist for asthma and allergy management.
  7. Beclomethasone (Beconase AQ): Nasal corticosteroid spray for allergy symptoms.
  8. Ciclesonide (Omnaris): Nasal corticosteroid spray to reduce nasal inflammation.
  9. Oxymetazoline (Afrin): Topical nasal decongestant for short-term relief.
  10. Azithromycin (Zithromax): Antibiotic medication for bacterial infections associated with adenoid hypertrophy.

Surgeries

  1. Adenoidectomy: Surgical removal of the adenoids to alleviate symptoms and improve breathing.
  2. Tonsillectomy: Removal of the tonsils may be performed concurrently with adenoidectomy.
  3. Septoplasty: Correction of a deviated nasal septum to improve airflow.
  4. Turbinoplasty: Reduction of swollen nasal turbinates to relieve nasal obstruction.
  5. Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Surgical treatment for chronic sinusitis or nasal polyps.
  6. Septorhinoplasty: Combined surgery to correct both nasal septum deviation and external nasal deformities.
  7. Balloon Sinuplasty: Minimally invasive procedure to widen blocked sinus passages.
  8. Laser Assisted Uvulopalatoplasty (LAUP): Laser surgery to remove excess tissue in the throat to treat snoring and sleep apnea.
  9. Septal Perforation Repair: Surgical closure of a hole in the nasal septum.
  10. Coblation Turbinate Reduction: Minimally invasive procedure to shrink swollen nasal turbinates using radiofrequency energy.

Prevention

  1. Good Hygiene: Practicing proper hand hygiene to reduce the spread of infections.
  2. Avoiding Secondhand Smoke: Limiting exposure to cigarette smoke and other pollutants.
  3. Vaccinations: Staying up to date with vaccinations, including the flu vaccine.
  4. Managing Allergies: Identifying and avoiding allergens that trigger adenoid inflammation.
  5. Healthy Lifestyle: Maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep.
  6. Humidification: Using a humidifier to maintain optimal humidity levels indoors, especially during dry seasons.
  7. Nasal Irrigation: Regularly rinsing the nasal passages with saline solution to clear mucus and irritants.
  8. Avoiding Sick Individuals: Minimizing close contact with individuals who have respiratory infections.
  9. Managing Acid Reflux: Treating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) to reduce throat irritation.
  10. Regular Medical Check-ups: Seeking medical advice promptly for recurrent or persistent symptoms.

When to See a Doctor

It’s important to consult a doctor if you or your child experience:

  • Persistent nasal congestion or difficulty breathing
  • Recurrent ear infections or fluid buildup in the ears
  • Loud or frequent snoring during sleep
  • Sleep disturbances or daytime fatigue
  • Difficulty swallowing or persistent sore throat
  • Behavioral changes or poor academic performance in children
  • Recurrent sinus infections or nasal discharge
  • Symptoms that interfere with daily activities or quality of life

Conclusion

Adenoid hypertrophy can cause significant discomfort and affect daily functioning if left untreated. By understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options, individuals can take proactive steps to manage the condition effectively. Seeking medical advice promptly and following recommended treatments can help alleviate symptoms and improve overall quality of life.

 

Disclaimer: Each person’s journey is unique, treatment plan, life style, food habit, hormonal condition, immune system, chronic disease condition, geological location, weather and previous medical  history is also unique. So always seek the best advice from a qualified medical professional or health care provider before trying any treatments to ensure to find out the best plan for you. This guide is for general information and educational purposes only. If you or someone are suffering from this disease condition bookmark this website or share with someone who might find it useful! Boost your knowledge and stay ahead in your health journey. Thank you for giving your valuable time to read the article.

 

Doctor visit helper

Prepare before seeing a doctor

A simple rural-patient checklist to help you explain symptoms clearly, ask better questions, and avoid unsafe self-treatment.

Safety note: This is not a prescription or diagnosis. For severe symptoms, pregnancy danger signs, children with serious illness, chest pain, breathing difficulty, stroke-like weakness, or major injury, seek urgent care.

Which doctor may help?

Start with a registered doctor or the nearest qualified health center.

What to tell the doctor

  • Write when the problem started and how it changed.
  • Bring old prescriptions, investigation reports, and current medicines.
  • Write allergies, pregnancy status, diabetes, kidney/liver disease, and major past illnesses.
  • Bring one family member if the patient is weak, elderly, confused, or a child.

Questions to ask

  • What is the most likely cause of my symptoms?
  • Which danger signs mean I should go to hospital quickly?
  • Which tests are necessary now, and which can wait?
  • How should I take medicines safely and what side effects should I watch for?
  • When should I come for follow-up?

Tests to discuss

  • Vital signs: temperature, pulse, blood pressure, oxygen saturation
  • Basic physical examination by a clinician
  • CBC, urine test, blood sugar, or imaging only when clinically needed

Avoid these mistakes

  • Do not use antibiotics, steroid tablets/injections, or strong painkillers without proper medical advice.
  • Do not hide pregnancy, kidney disease, ulcer, allergy, or blood thinner use.
  • Do not delay emergency care when danger signs are present.

Medicine safety and first-aid guide

This section is for patient education only. It does not replace a doctor, pharmacist, or emergency care.

Safe first steps

  • Avoid heavy lifting, sudden bending, and prolonged bed rest.
  • Use comfortable posture and gentle movement as tolerated.
  • Discuss physiotherapy, X-ray, or MRI only when clinically needed.

OTC medicine safety

  • For mild back pain, pain-relief medicine may be discussed with a doctor or pharmacist.
  • Avoid repeated painkiller use if you have kidney disease, stomach ulcer, uncontrolled blood pressure, or are taking blood thinners.

Avoid these mistakes

  • Do not start antibiotics without a proper medical decision.
  • Do not use steroid tablets or injections casually for quick relief.
  • Do not delay emergency care because of home remedies.

Get urgent help if

  • Back pain with leg weakness, numbness around private area, loss of urine/stool control, fever, cancer history, or major injury needs urgent care.
Medicine names, dose, and timing must be decided by a qualified clinician or pharmacist after checking age, pregnancy, allergy, other diseases, and current medicines.

For rural patients and family caregivers

Patient health record and symptom diary

Write your symptoms, medicines already taken, test results, and questions before visiting a doctor. This note stays on your device unless you print or copy it.

Doctor to discuss: Medicine doctor / pediatrician for children / qualified clinician
Tests to discuss with doctor
  • Temperature chart and hydration assessment
  • CBC with platelet count if fever persists or dengue/other infection is possible
  • Urine test, malaria/dengue tests, chest evaluation, or blood culture only when clinically indicated
Questions to ask
  • What is the most likely cause of my symptoms?
  • Which warning signs mean I should go to emergency care?
  • Which tests are really needed now?
  • Which medicines are safe for my age, pregnancy status, allergy, kidney/liver/stomach condition, and current medicines?
  • Do I need antibiotics, or is this more likely viral?

Emergency warning signs such as chest pain, severe breathing difficulty, sudden weakness, confusion, severe dehydration, major injury, or loss of bladder/bowel control need urgent medical care. Do not wait for online information.

Safe pathway to proper treatment

Care roadmap for: Adenoid Hypertrophy

Use this simple roadmap to understand the next safe steps. It is educational and does not replace examination by a doctor.

Go to emergency care if you notice:
  • Severe or rapidly worsening symptoms
  • Breathing difficulty, chest pain, fainting, confusion, severe weakness, major injury, or severe dehydration
Doctor / service to discuss: Qualified healthcare provider; specialist depends on symptoms and examination.
  1. Step 1

    Check danger signs first

    If danger signs are present, seek emergency care and do not wait for online information.

  2. Step 2

    Record the symptom story

    Write when symptoms started, severity, medicines already taken, allergies, pregnancy status, and test results.

  3. Step 3

    Visit a qualified clinician

    A doctor, nurse, or qualified healthcare provider can examine you and decide which tests or treatment are needed.

  4. Step 4

    Do only useful tests

    Do tests after clinical assessment. Avoid unnecessary tests, random antibiotics, or repeated medicines without diagnosis.

  5. Step 5

    Follow up and return early if worse

    If symptoms worsen, new warning signs appear, or treatment is not helping, return for review quickly.

Rural patient practical tips
  • Take a written symptom diary and all previous prescriptions/test reports.
  • Do not hide medicines already taken, even herbal or over-the-counter medicines.
  • Ask which warning signs mean urgent referral to hospital.

This roadmap is for education. A real diagnosis and treatment plan requires history, examination, and clinical judgment.

RX Patient Help

Ask a health question safely

Write your symptom story. A health professional or site editor can review it before any answer is prepared. This box is not for emergency care.

Emergency first: Severe chest pain, breathing trouble, unconsciousness, stroke signs, severe injury, heavy bleeding, or rapidly worsening symptoms need urgent local medical care now.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is this article a replacement for a doctor?

No. It is educational content only. Patients should consult a qualified clinician for diagnosis and treatment.

When should I seek urgent care?

Seek urgent care for severe symptoms, rapidly worsening condition, breathing difficulty, severe pain, neurological changes, or any emergency warning sign.

References

Add references, clinical guidelines, textbooks, journal articles, or trusted medical sources here. You can edit this area from the RX Article Professional Blocks panel.

More from this topic
  1. Congenital Respiratory-Biliary Fistula

    DefinitionCongenital? respiratory-biliary fistula, also called congenital? tracheobiliary fistula or congenital bronchobiliary fistula, is a very rare birth defect. In this condition, an abnormal tube connects part...

    March 29, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  2. Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Complete AVSD)

    DefinitionComplete atrioventricular septal defect (complete AVSD) is a serious heart problem that a baby is born with. [1] In this problem, there is a big hole...

    February 28, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  3. Atrioventricular Canal–Type Ventricular Septal Defect

    DefinitionAtrioventricular canal–type ventricular septal defect is a special kind of hole in the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles) that sits...

    February 28, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  4. Coccidioidomycosis

    DefinitionCoccidioidomycosis is a lung infection? caused by a fungus called Coccidioides. This fungus lives in dry, dusty soil. When the soil is disturbed, tiny fungal? spores...

    February 1, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  5. Cutaneomeningospinal Angiomatosis

    DefinitionCutaneomeningospinal angiomatosis is another name for Cobb syndrome. It is a very rare condition where a person has abnormal blood vessels (angiomas or arteriovenous malformations) in...

    February 1, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  6. Coats Plus Syndrome

    DefinitionCoats plus syndrome is a very rare, inherited, multi-system disease where tiny blood vessels (especially in the retina of the eye and the brain) are abnormal...

    February 1, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  7. Narrowing of the Aorta

    DefinitionNarrowing of the aorta usually means a condition called coarctation of the aorta. In this problem, a short part of the main body artery (the aorta)...

    February 1, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  8. Coarctation of the Aorta

    DefinitionCoarctation of the aorta is a birth heart problem where a short part of the main body artery (the aorta) is too narrow, like a tight...

    February 1, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  9. Capillary Malformation of the Lower Lip

    DefinitionCapillary malformation of the lower lip is a birthmark made from many tiny blood vessels (capillaries) just under the skin of the lower lip. Doctors often...

    January 27, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  10. Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH)

    DefinitionChronic? thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension? (CTEPH) is a long-term form of high blood pressure in the lung arteries that develops when old blood clots do not fully...

    January 26, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)