Sternothyroid Muscle Tumors

Last updated: February 8, 2026Reviewed date: February 8, 2026Reading time: 15 min read
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Article Summary

Sternothyroid muscle tumors are very rare growths that develop in or around one of the small muscles of the neck. This guide explains what they are, how they are diagnosed, and the many treatment options available. It also includes advice on prevention and answers to common questions. Anatomy of the Sternothyroid Muscle Understanding the basic anatomy of the sternothyroid muscle is key to knowing how...

Key Takeaways

  • This article explains Anatomy of the Sternothyroid Muscle in simple medical language.
  • This article explains Types of Tumors Involving the Sternothyroid Muscle in simple medical language.
  • This article explains Causes of Sternothyroid Muscle Tumors in simple medical language.
  • This article explains Symptoms to Watch For in simple medical language.
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Definition

Sternothyroid muscle tumors are very rare growths that develop in or around one of the small muscles of the neck. This guide explains what they are, how they are diagnosed, and the many treatment options available. It also includes advice on prevention and answers to common questions.

of the Sternothyroid Muscle

Understanding the basic anatomy of the sternothyroid muscle is key to knowing how tumors might affect its function and nearby structures.

Structure and Location

  • Location:
    The sternothyroid muscle is one of the “strap muscles” found in the front part of the neck. It lies close to the and extends from the () upward toward the .

  • Origin:
    It begins at the posterior (back) surface of the manubrium of the sternum. In some descriptions, a small part may also come from the first costal cartilage.

  • Insertion:
    The muscle fibers run upward and attach to the thyroid cartilage, near the midline of the neck.

Blood Supply and Nerve Supply

  • Blood Supply:
    The muscle receives blood through branches of in the neck, commonly including branches from the superior thyroid .

  • Nerve Supply:
    It is mainly innervated by the ansa cervicalis, a loop of nerves formed by branches from the first few spinal nerves (typically C1 to C3). This nerve supply is important for muscle movement and function.

Functions of the Sternothyroid Muscle

  1. Depressing the Thyroid Cartilage:
    Helps lower the thyroid cartilage during swallowing and speaking.

  2. Stabilizing the Larynx:
    Supports the larynx () to allow clear sound production.

  3. Assisting in Swallowing:
    Works with other neck muscles to help move food down the .

  4. Supporting Neck Posture:
    Contributes to the overall alignment and stability of the neck.

  5. Facilitating Breathing:
    May help in minor adjustments during deep breathing.

  6. Enhancing Voice Modulation:
    Plays a role in controlling the tension on the larynx, which affects voice quality.

Types of Tumors Involving the Sternothyroid Muscle

Tumors in the sternothyroid muscle are uncommon and can be either (non-cancerous) or (cancerous). Some types that might be seen include:

  • Benign Tumors:

    • Lipoma (a fatty )

    • Fibroma (a tumor made of fibrous tissue)

    • Intramuscular hemangioma (a blood vessel tumor)

    • Benign nerve sheath tumors

  • Malignant Tumors:

    • Rhabdomyosarcoma (a cancer of muscle tissue)

    • Leiomyosarcoma (a cancer of smooth muscle tissue)

    • Malignant fibrous histiocytoma

    • Metastatic tumors (cancers that spread from other body sites, such as thyroid or squamous cell )

Because of the rarity of tumors in the sternothyroid muscle, each case is evaluated individually by a team of specialists.

Causes of Sternothyroid Muscle Tumors

While the exact causes of these tumors are not always clear, research suggests several risk factors and triggers that may be involved:

  1. Mutations:
    Changes in DNA that can lead to abnormal cell growth.

  2. Radiation Exposure:
    Previous exposure to radiation, especially in the neck area.

  3. Neck :
    Injury or repeated trauma to the neck.

  4. Infections:
    Certain viruses may trigger abnormal cell changes.

  5. :
    Long-term inflammation may encourage tumor growth.

  6. Immune System Dysfunction:
    Problems with immune regulation can affect cell growth.

  7. Hormonal Imbalances:
    Changes in hormone levels might play a role.

  8. Environmental Toxins:
    Exposure to chemicals or pollutants.

  9. Smoking:
    Tobacco use is linked to many types of cancers.

  10. Alcohol Use:
    Excessive alcohol may contribute to cellular changes.

  11. Occupational Exposures:
    Jobs with exposure to harmful substances.

  12. :
    A family history of cancer increases risk.

  13. Obesity:
    Excess body fat is associated with an increased risk of tumors.

  14. Poor Diet:
    Diets lacking in nutrients can impact overall health.

  15. Sedentary Lifestyle:
    Lack of physical activity may indirectly increase risk.

  16. Age-Related Changes:
    Risk increases with age.

  17. High Blood Pressure:
    May be associated with overall vascular health issues.

  18. Metabolic Disorders:
    Conditions like may indirectly affect tumor growth.

  19. Chronic Stress:
    Long-term stress can affect bodily functions.

  20. Unknown Factors ():
    In many cases, the exact cause cannot be determined.

Symptoms to Watch For

The symptoms of a tumor in the sternothyroid muscle can vary based on the size, type, and whether the tumor is benign or malignant. Here are 20 possible symptoms:

  1. Neck :
    Persistent or intermittent pain in the neck area.

  2. Neck :
    Noticeable swelling or a lump in the neck.

  3. Visible Lump:
    A mass that can be seen or felt.

  4. Difficulty Swallowing ():
    Trouble or pain when swallowing food or liquids.

  5. :
    Changes in the voice or a raspy sound.

  6. Voice Changes:
    Unexplained alterations in tone or volume.

  7. Neck Tightness:
    A feeling of tightness or constriction in the neck.

  8. Pain When Swallowing:
    Discomfort specifically when swallowing.

  9. :
    Persistent throat pain.

  10. Stiffness:
    Reduced flexibility or stiffness in the neck.

  11. Redness or Inflammation:
    Visible redness in the affected area.

  12. Unexplained Weight Loss:
    Losing weight without trying.

  13. Fatigue:
    Constant tiredness or lack of energy.

  14. Loss of Appetite:
    Decreased desire to eat.

  15. Coughing:
    Persistent or unexplained cough.

  16. Shortness of Breath:
    Difficulty breathing or feeling breathless.

  17. Pain Radiating to Shoulders:
    Discomfort that spreads to the shoulder area.

  18. Tenderness:
    Soreness when touching the neck.

  19. Swallowing Difficulties:
    A sensation of something being stuck in the throat.

  20. Reduced Range of Motion:
    Trouble turning the head or moving the neck freely.

Diagnostic Tests for Evaluating Sternothyroid Muscle Tumors

Diagnosing tumors in the sternothyroid muscle often involves a combination of physical exams, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Here are 20 tests and procedures that doctors may use:

  1. Physical Examination:
    A hands-on exam of the neck.

  2. Ultrasound:
    Sound waves create an image of the soft tissue.

  3. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan:
    Detailed cross-sectional images of the neck.

  4. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI):
    Uses magnetic fields to produce detailed images.

  5. X-Ray:
    Helps identify bone involvement or calcifications.

  6. Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA):
    A thin needle is used to collect cells from the tumor.

  7. Core Needle Biopsy:
    A larger needle takes a tissue sample for analysis.

  8. Complete Blood Count (CBC):
    Checks overall health and signs of infection.

  9. Thyroid Function Tests:
    Measures hormone levels to see if thyroid function is affected.

  10. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan:
    Evaluates metabolic activity of the tumor.

  11. Endoscopy:
    A small camera examines the throat and surrounding areas.

  12. Laryngoscopy:
    Direct visualization of the larynx and nearby structures.

  13. Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy:
    Combines ultrasound imaging with tissue sampling.

  14. Genetic Testing:
    Looks for mutations that might drive tumor growth.

  15. Immunohistochemistry:
    Uses antibodies to detect specific markers in tumor cells.

  16. Cytogenetic Analysis:
    Examines the chromosomes of the tumor cells.

  17. Excisional Biopsy:
    The whole tumor is removed and studied.

  18. Histopathological Examination:
    Microscopic analysis of tumor tissue.

  19. Molecular Testing (PCR):
    Detects specific genetic material from tumor cells.

  20. Bone Scan:
    Checks for the spread of cancer to bones.

Non-Pharmacological Treatments

Non-pharmacological treatments focus on lifestyle changes and supportive therapies that can help manage symptoms, improve quality of life, and sometimes even slow tumor growth. Here are 30 approaches:

  1. Physical Therapy:
    Exercises and treatments to strengthen neck muscles.

  2. Targeted Massage Therapy:
    Gentle massages to reduce muscle tension.

  3. Heat Therapy:
    Use of warm compresses to relax muscles.

  4. Cold Therapy:
    Ice packs to reduce inflammation and pain.

  5. Ultrasound Therapy:
    Therapeutic ultrasound to stimulate healing.

  6. Acupuncture:
    Fine needles placed at specific points to relieve pain.

  7. Speech Therapy:
    Helps with voice changes and swallowing difficulties.

  8. Nutritional Counseling:
    Guidance on a balanced diet to support overall health.

  9. Psychological Counseling:
    Support for coping with the emotional impact of a tumor diagnosis.

  10. Meditation:
    Techniques to reduce stress and promote relaxation.

  11. Yoga Exercises:
    Gentle stretches and movements to improve neck strength.

  12. Manual Lymphatic Drainage:
    A massage technique to reduce swelling.

  13. Stretching Exercises:
    Specific routines to maintain flexibility in the neck.

  14. Posture Correction:
    Tips and exercises to improve overall neck and back posture.

  15. Relaxation Techniques:
    Methods such as deep breathing to lower stress.

  16. Stress Management Programs:
    Structured programs to help manage chronic stress.

  17. Occupational Therapy:
    Assistance with daily activities and adaptations for comfort.

  18. Lifestyle Modifications:
    Changes in daily habits to promote overall health.

  19. Weight Management:
    Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce overall strain on the body.

  20. Smoking Cessation Programs:
    Support and strategies to stop smoking.

  21. Alcohol Reduction:
    Counseling and support to limit alcohol intake.

  22. Mind-Body Therapy:
    Techniques that connect mental and physical health.

  23. Tai Chi:
    Slow, gentle movements that enhance balance and flexibility.

  24. Chiropractic Care:
    Manual adjustments to improve neck alignment.

  25. Guided Imagery:
    Relaxation technique that uses visualization.

  26. Biofeedback Therapy:
    A method to gain control over certain body functions.

  27. Supportive Collars or Braces:
    Devices that help support the neck.

  28. Hydrotherapy:
    Exercises or treatments performed in water.

  29. Laser Therapy:
    Uses focused light energy to help with pain and inflammation.

  30. Alternative Therapies:
    Approaches such as herbal remedies or supplements (always discuss with a doctor).

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Muscle Tumors

When tumors are malignant or do not respond to non-surgical treatments, doctors may use drugs such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. Although specific treatments depend on the type and stage of the tumor, here are 20 drugs that may be used for soft tissue sarcomas and related tumors:

  1. Doxorubicin:
    A common chemotherapy drug used to kill rapidly dividing cells.

  2. Ifosfamide:
    Often used in combination with doxorubicin.

  3. Cisplatin:
    A chemotherapy agent that damages the DNA of cancer cells.

  4. Vincristine:
    Interferes with the ability of cancer cells to divide.

  5. Etoposide:
    Works by preventing cancer cells from dividing.

  6. Cyclophosphamide:
    An alkylating agent that interferes with DNA replication.

  7. Gemcitabine:
    Used to treat various types of soft tissue cancers.

  8. Docetaxel:
    A chemotherapy agent that disrupts cell division.

  9. Pazopanib:
    A targeted therapy drug that stops tumor blood supply.

  10. Imatinib:
    A targeted drug for tumors with specific genetic mutations.

  11. Trabectedin:
    Used for certain types of soft tissue sarcoma.

  12. Olaparib:
    A drug that targets DNA repair mechanisms in cancer cells.

  13. Pembrolizumab:
    An immunotherapy drug that helps the immune system fight cancer.

  14. Nivolumab:
    Another immunotherapy option used in various cancers.

  15. Temozolomide:
    An oral chemotherapy agent sometimes used for sarcomas.

  16. Methotrexate:
    Interferes with cell growth and division.

  17. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU):
    A drug that stops cancer cells from replicating their DNA.

  18. Carboplatin:
    Similar to cisplatin, used in various cancer regimens.

  19. Regorafenib:
    A targeted drug that blocks several key enzymes in tumor cells.

  20. Sorafenib:
    Another targeted therapy that inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis.

Note: These drugs are typically used in the context of soft tissue sarcoma treatment. The specific choice of medication depends on the tumor type, location, and overall patient health. Always follow the guidance of your oncology team.

Surgical Options for Treatment

Surgery is often the main treatment for tumors that do not respond to non-surgical methods or for removing localized tumors. Depending on the size and spread of the tumor, doctors may recommend one of the following procedures:

  1. Complete Surgical Resection:
    Removal of the tumor with clear margins.

  2. Wide Local Excision:
    Removal of the tumor along with some surrounding healthy tissue.

  3. Radical Neck Dissection:
    More extensive surgery that may remove additional tissues and lymph nodes.

  4. Endoscopic Tumor Removal:
    Minimally invasive removal using a small camera and instruments.

  5. Image-Guided Tumor Resection:
    Surgery assisted by imaging technologies to precisely remove the tumor.

  6. Reconstructive Surgery:
    Procedures to repair or rebuild the area after tumor removal.

  7. Cryosurgical Ablation:
    Uses extreme cold to destroy tumor tissue.

  8. Laser-Assisted Excision:
    Uses focused laser energy to remove the tumor.

  9. Minimally Invasive Surgery:
    Techniques that reduce tissue damage and speed recovery.

  10. Palliative Debulking Surgery:
    Reduces tumor size to relieve symptoms when a complete cure is not possible.

Prevention Strategies

While there is no sure way to prevent tumors of the sternothyroid muscle, adopting a healthy lifestyle may reduce overall risk. Consider these 10 prevention tips:

  1. Avoid Unnecessary Radiation Exposure:
    Limit exposure to radiation in the neck area.

  2. Eat a Balanced Diet:
    Focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.

  3. Regular Exercise:
    Maintain physical activity to support overall health.

  4. Avoid Smoking:
    Tobacco use increases cancer risk.

  5. Limit Alcohol Consumption:
    Reduce alcohol intake to lower risk.

  6. Maintain a Healthy Weight:
    Obesity can be a risk factor for many cancers.

  7. Schedule Regular Check-Ups:
    Early detection can improve treatment outcomes.

  8. Minimize Exposure to Environmental Toxins:
    Be aware of and reduce contact with harmful chemicals.

  9. Manage Stress:
    Practice stress-reduction techniques such as meditation.

  10. Stay Informed About Family History:
    Discuss any known cancer risks with your healthcare provider.

When to See a Doctor

It is important to seek medical advice if you experience any of the following:

  • A noticeable lump or swelling in your neck that does not go away

  • Persistent neck pain or stiffness

  • Difficulty swallowing or pain while swallowing

  • Unexplained changes in your voice, such as hoarseness

  • Unexplained weight loss or loss of appetite

  • Any other persistent symptoms that affect your daily life

Early evaluation by a healthcare professional is key to diagnosing and treating any potential tumor effectively.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Below are some common questions along with clear, simple answers to help you better understand sternothyroid muscle tumors.

  1. What is a sternothyroid muscle tumor?
    It is a rare growth that develops in the small muscle located in the front of your neck, near the thyroid cartilage.

  2. What causes these tumors?
    Causes can include genetic changes, exposure to radiation, trauma to the neck, chronic inflammation, and sometimes unknown factors.

  3. How common are sternothyroid muscle tumors?
    They are very rare, and most tumors in the neck tend to occur in other structures like the thyroid gland or lymph nodes.

  4. What symptoms should I look for?
    Common symptoms include a lump or swelling in the neck, pain, difficulty swallowing, changes in your voice, and sometimes unexplained weight loss.

  5. How are these tumors diagnosed?
    Doctors use a combination of physical exams, imaging tests (like ultrasound, CT, and MRI), and tissue biopsies to diagnose the tumor.

  6. What diagnostic tests might be needed?
    Tests can include ultrasound, CT or MRI scans, fine needle aspiration, core biopsy, and blood tests to check overall health and thyroid function.

  7. What treatments are available if a tumor is found?
    Treatment options include non-surgical methods (physical therapy, lifestyle changes), medications such as chemotherapy or targeted therapy, and surgery to remove the tumor.

  8. Can these tumors be treated without surgery?
    In some cases, especially when the tumor is small or not causing symptoms, non-surgical treatments and careful monitoring may be recommended.

  9. What are the risks of surgery?
    As with any surgery, there are risks such as infection, bleeding, or damage to nearby structures. Your doctor will discuss these risks with you.

  10. Which drugs are typically used in treatment?
    Depending on the tumor type, doctors may use chemotherapy drugs like doxorubicin or ifosfamide, targeted therapies, or immunotherapy drugs.

  11. What non-drug treatments can help manage symptoms?
    Treatments such as physical therapy, massage, heat and cold therapy, yoga, and stress management can help relieve symptoms and improve quality of life.

  12. How can I help prevent these tumors?
    While prevention is not always possible, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol, and reducing exposure to harmful chemicals can lower overall cancer risk.

  13. When should I see a doctor about a neck lump?
    If you notice a lump that persists for more than a few weeks, or if you experience pain, difficulty swallowing, or voice changes, it is important to get checked.

  14. What is the prognosis for sternothyroid muscle tumors?
    The outlook depends on whether the tumor is benign or malignant, its size, and how early it is detected and treated.

  15. Is a sternothyroid muscle tumor related to thyroid cancer?
    No, these tumors are different from thyroid cancer, though they are located near the thyroid cartilage. However, any unusual neck lump should be evaluated by a doctor.

Conclusion

Sternothyroid muscle tumors are rare and can be challenging to diagnose and treat. Understanding the basic anatomy, potential causes, symptoms, and the many treatment options available is key for patients and healthcare providers. Early detection and a tailored treatment approach can help manage the condition effectively. If you experience any concerning symptoms such as a persistent lump, neck pain, or difficulty swallowing, seek medical advice immediately.

Disclaimer: Each person’s journey is unique, treatment plan, life style, food habit, hormonal condition, immune system, chronic disease condition, geological location, weather and previous medical  history is also unique. So always seek the best advice from a qualified medical professional or health care provider before trying any treatments to ensure to find out the best plan for you. This guide is for general information and educational purposes only. Regular check-ups and awareness can help to manage and prevent complications associated with these diseases conditions. If you or someone are suffering from this disease condition bookmark this website or share with someone who might find it useful! Boost your knowledge and stay ahead in your health journey. We always try to ensure that the content is regularly updated to reflect the latest medical research and treatment options. Thank you for giving your valuable time to read the article.

The article is written by Team Rxharun and reviewed by the Rx Editorial Board Members

Last Update: April 07, 2025.

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Doctor visit helper

Prepare before seeing a doctor

A simple rural-patient checklist to help you explain symptoms clearly, ask better questions, and avoid unsafe self-treatment.

Safety note: This is not a prescription or diagnosis. For severe symptoms, pregnancy danger signs, children with serious illness, chest pain, breathing difficulty, stroke-like weakness, or major injury, seek urgent care.

Which doctor may help?

Start with a registered doctor or the nearest qualified health center.

What to tell the doctor

  • Write when the problem started and how it changed.
  • Bring old prescriptions, investigation reports, and current medicines.
  • Write allergies, pregnancy status, diabetes, kidney/liver disease, and major past illnesses.
  • Bring one family member if the patient is weak, elderly, confused, or a child.

Questions to ask

  • What is the most likely cause of my symptoms?
  • Which danger signs mean I should go to hospital quickly?
  • Which tests are necessary now, and which can wait?
  • How should I take medicines safely and what side effects should I watch for?
  • When should I come for follow-up?

Tests to discuss

  • Vital signs: temperature, pulse, blood pressure, oxygen saturation
  • Basic physical examination by a clinician
  • CBC, urine test, blood sugar, or imaging only when clinically needed

Avoid these mistakes

  • Do not use antibiotics, steroid tablets/injections, or strong painkillers without proper medical advice.
  • Do not hide pregnancy, kidney disease, ulcer, allergy, or blood thinner use.
  • Do not delay emergency care when danger signs are present.

Medicine safety and first-aid guide

This section is for patient education only. It does not replace a doctor, pharmacist, or emergency care.

Safe first steps

  • Avoid heavy lifting, sudden bending, and prolonged bed rest.
  • Use comfortable posture and gentle movement as tolerated.
  • Discuss physiotherapy, X-ray, or MRI only when clinically needed.

OTC medicine safety

  • For mild back pain, pain-relief medicine may be discussed with a doctor or pharmacist.
  • Avoid repeated painkiller use if you have kidney disease, stomach ulcer, uncontrolled blood pressure, or are taking blood thinners.

Avoid these mistakes

  • Do not start antibiotics without a proper medical decision.
  • Do not use steroid tablets or injections casually for quick relief.
  • Do not delay emergency care because of home remedies.

Get urgent help if

  • Back pain with leg weakness, numbness around private area, loss of urine/stool control, fever, cancer history, or major injury needs urgent care.
Medicine names, dose, and timing must be decided by a qualified clinician or pharmacist after checking age, pregnancy, allergy, other diseases, and current medicines.

For rural patients and family caregivers

Patient health record and symptom diary

Write your symptoms, medicines already taken, test results, and questions before visiting a doctor. This note stays on your device unless you print or copy it.

Doctor to discuss: Doctor / qualified healthcare provider
Tests to discuss with doctor
  • Basic vital signs: temperature, pulse, blood pressure, oxygen level if needed
  • Relevant blood, urine, imaging, or specialist tests only after clinical assessment
Questions to ask
  • What is the most likely cause of my symptoms?
  • Which warning signs mean I should go to emergency care?
  • Which tests are really needed now?
  • Which medicines are safe for my age, pregnancy status, allergy, kidney/liver/stomach condition, and current medicines?

Emergency warning signs such as chest pain, severe breathing difficulty, sudden weakness, confusion, severe dehydration, major injury, or loss of bladder/bowel control need urgent medical care. Do not wait for online information.

Safe pathway to proper treatment

Care roadmap for: Sternothyroid Muscle Tumors

Use this simple roadmap to understand the next safe steps. It is educational and does not replace examination by a doctor.

Go to emergency care if you notice:
  • Severe or rapidly worsening symptoms
  • Breathing difficulty, chest pain, fainting, confusion, severe weakness, major injury, or severe dehydration
Doctor / service to discuss: Qualified healthcare provider; specialist depends on symptoms and examination.
  1. Step 1

    Check danger signs first

    If danger signs are present, seek emergency care and do not wait for online information.

  2. Step 2

    Record the symptom story

    Write when symptoms started, severity, medicines already taken, allergies, pregnancy status, and test results.

  3. Step 3

    Visit a qualified clinician

    A doctor, nurse, or qualified healthcare provider can examine you and decide which tests or treatment are needed.

  4. Step 4

    Do only useful tests

    Do tests after clinical assessment. Avoid unnecessary tests, random antibiotics, or repeated medicines without diagnosis.

  5. Step 5

    Follow up and return early if worse

    If symptoms worsen, new warning signs appear, or treatment is not helping, return for review quickly.

Rural patient practical tips
  • Take a written symptom diary and all previous prescriptions/test reports.
  • Do not hide medicines already taken, even herbal or over-the-counter medicines.
  • Ask which warning signs mean urgent referral to hospital.

This roadmap is for education. A real diagnosis and treatment plan requires history, examination, and clinical judgment.