Red wine is a type of wine made from dark-colored grape varieties. The actual color of the wine can range from intense violet, typical of young wines, through to brick red for mature wines and brown for older red wines. The juice from most purple grapes is greenish-white, the red color coming from anthocyanin pigments (also called anthocyanins) present in the skin of the grape; exceptions are the relatively uncommon teinturier varieties, which produce a red-colored juice. Much of the red-wine production process, therefore, involves the extraction of color and flavor components from the grape skin. Red wine is a delicacy around the world.

Red wine is a wine whose color can be intense violet, brick red, or brown colored. It is produced by the fermentation of dark-colored grape (black) with skin so that the color of the wine is maintained. The production process includes the color extraction as well as the flavor components of the skin of the grape. Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Zinfandel, and Pinot noir are the common varieties of red wine. It contains an alcohol content from 12 to 15 percent. Red wine is considered the healthiest alcohol due to the production and fermentation process. It contains high content of vitamins, antioxidants, and polyphenols. It has resveratrol which assists the body systems.

History

Wine is a very old drink having a long as well as fascinating history. Wine is fermented or rotten juice. The evidence shows that the production of wine started from 6000 to 5000 B.C in Iran and Russian Georgia. It was used as precious water for consumption, religious and cultural purposes. The people of different cultures learned to make simple alcoholic beverages. The wine histories date back to the Early Roman era. Wine could be prepared from any juice of fruits but mostly made from crushed grapes. The color of the wine is determined by the time upto which the skin remains with juice while performing the process of fermentation. Wine is found in three colors such as white, red, and peach to light pink.

Types of Red wine

1. Syrah

The flavor and aroma resemble roasting meat or black pepper spice. It is hearty and spicy reds. The color ranges from finest, deepest to dark red along with intense flavors. It is called Shiraz in Australia. It suits best with beef, lamb, barbecue, sausage venison, duck, tuna and mushroom.

2. Merlot

It has the typical taste and flavors of plums, black cherry, and herbal. The wine is less tannic in comparison to Cabernet Sauvignon. It is also blended with other wines. It has full flavor. It pairs well with grilled steaks, roasted prime rib, cheese, filet mignon, lamb, duck, turkey, veal, pork, pasta, sausage and tomato sauce.

3. Cabernet sauvignon

The term Sauvignon is derived from the word Savage. It is also used as a blending component. It has deep colors such as raspberry. It pairs well with the beef dish, duck, steak, venison, and cheese dishes.

4. Malbec

It is the wine of well-colored having the taste of plums, spice, and berries. It is also blended with cabernet sauvignon, cabernet franc, Petit Verdot, and merlot. It is originated in France.

5. Pinot noir

It has soft tannins and low content of polyphenols. It has a fruity aroma. It goes well with chicken, beef, pork loin, lamb, roast duck, salmon, veal, tuna and smoked meat.

6. Zinfandel

It has a zesty flavor of berry and pepper. It is mostly served with pizza, burgers, sweet barbecue sauce, Mexican or Thai foods, turkey tomatoes, sausages and stinky cheese. It has a high content of alcohol and medium content of tannin.

7. Sangiovese

It is light and firmly acidic. It is paired with Italian or Mediterranean-style cuisines.

8. Cabernet Franc

It is the red wine produced in the United States. The ripe tannins have the scent of freshly roasted coffee. It is often blended with Merlot which adds spicy and pungent flavor.

9. Gamay

It has the flavor of raspberry, strawberry, or sweet cherries.

10. Grenache/Garnacha

It has high alcohol and low content of acidity. The wine is spicy, fruity, and bold flavored.

11. Mourvèdre/Mataro

The wine is lightly spicy and medium-bodied with cherry flavored.

12. Tempranillo

It is a red wine made in Spain. It has high acidity and could be aged. It is made from dark grape along with berries, plum, leather, herb, and tobacco. It is paired with charcuterie, cheese, a rice dish, and risotto.

Nutritional value

One serving of red wine presents 127.24 g of moisture, 122 calories, 0.1 g of protein, 0.43 g of ash, and 3.82 g of carbohydrate. It also contains 4.9 mg of petunidin, 6.1 mg of delphinidin, 38.6 mg of malvidin, 2.7 mg of peonidin, 11.3 mg of catechin, 15.7 mg of epicatechin, 0.1 mg of luteolin, 0.4 mg of myricetin, 0.9 mg of quercetin, 22.3 mg of Proanthocyanidin dimers and 3.9 mg of Proanthocyanidin trimmers.

Health Benefits of Red wine

Red wine is made from dark-colored grapes. The color of this wine ranges from red to deep purple. A moderate intake of red wine is healthy for the heart. Red wines have antioxidants that prevent coronary artery diseases. The antioxidant increases good cholesterol? and prevents the buildup of cholesterol. Proanthocyanidins and Resveratrol are found in red wine as an antioxidant that provides enormous health benefits. It lowers infection?, or irritation, often causing pain?, swelling?, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">inflammation? and assists blood clotting by preventing the chances of cancer and heart ailments. It also prevents dementia, controls hypertension?, and combats the aging process.

1. Avoid harmful effects

The intake of red wine prevents the chances of cardiovascular ailments. The consumption of red wine before lighting a cigarette prevents some negative effects on the blood vessels. It stimulates the formation of nitric oxide that promotes the function of endothelial in coronary arteries due to the high concentration of phenol in red wine. The study shows that those who intake red wine before smoking does not experience cellular changes. (1)

2. Lowers infection?, or irritation, often causing pain?, swelling?, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">inflammation?

Red wine, as well as grapes, has a component that helps to induce infection?, or irritation, often causing pain?, swelling?, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">inflammation? by a bacterial? pathogen that is associated with the upper respiratory tract and ailments such as chronic? obstructive pulmonary diseases, asthma, and middle ear infection. Resveratrol helps to alleviate inflammation that is occurred in airway disease. It also prevents bacterial infection. (2)

3. Prevent cancer

Alcohol is a risk factor for neck and head cancer. The study shows that resveratrol present in the skin of grapes or red wine prevents the chances of cancer. Resveratrol eliminates the unrepaired DNA damages so that they won’t be able to cause cancer. The cells are damaged by alcohol and resveratrol wipes out these cells. Other trials are still going on to test the resveratrol’s ability to prevent liver and colon cancer as well as treatment for head and neck cancer. (3)

4. Enhance performance

Red wine has a natural compound that promotes performance, training, and exercise. The experiment made shows that resveratrol enhances the function of the heart, physical performance, and strengthens muscles. Resveratrol is helpful for people who are physically incapable to perform exercises. (4)

5. Regulates blood sugar

Red wine prevents heart ailments if the diet is rich in saturated fat. It also regulates blood sugar in patients with type 2 insulin? is low or not working well. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তে চিনি বেশি থাকার রোগ।" data-rx-term="diabetes" data-rx-definition="Diabetes is a condition where blood sugar stays too high because insulin is low or not working well. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তে চিনি বেশি থাকার রোগ।">diabetes?. It has natural antioxidants which slow the glucose passage through the small intestines and bloodstream. It also prevents the spike. It also prevents fluctuations in the level of blood sugar that could lead to high blood pressure, heart problems, kidney, eyes, blood vessels, and nerve damage. (5)

6. Prevent memory loss

Red grapes prevent memory loss related to age. It has resveratrol which is an antioxidant present in the skin of grapes or red wine, berries, and peanuts. Resveratrol is able to prevent heart ailments and provides a positive effect on learning, memory, and mood. It also assists patients with Alzheimer’s disease. (6)

7. Lowers erectile dysfunction

The research shows that foods having a high content of flavonoids lower the chances of erectile dysfunction. Anthocyanins could be found in cherries, blueberries, blackcurrant, and radishes which have positive effects to prevent this health condition. The flavonoid-rich foods lower the chances of erectile dysfunction by 14 percent. It also lowers cardiovascular ailments as well as insulin? is low or not working well. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তে চিনি বেশি থাকার রোগ।" data-rx-term="diabetes" data-rx-definition="Diabetes is a condition where blood sugar stays too high because insulin is low or not working well. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তে চিনি বেশি থাকার রোগ।">diabetes?. (7)

8. Stroke? damage

The researchers discovered that the intake of red wine prevents brain damage such as stroke?. Resveratrol induces ischemic stroke by lowering the supply of blood to the brain. The animals that ingested resveratrol have low brain damage in comparison who was not provided resveratrol. It resists the brain from ischemic stroke. (8)

How to use        

• It is used to add flavor as well as aroma to the food.
• It is used as a marinade, ingredient, and flavoring agent in cooking.
• The wine should be simmered with food to promote the dish.
• It is also used in desserts.
• It is used in stewing and braising meat.

Precautions                                                                                                 

• Take care about the amount to be used during cooking.
• It should be consumed in limited amounts because excessive consumption will harm health.
• The reactions such as flushing, confusion, seizures, blackouts, vomiting?, diarrhea?, problem in walking might be experienced.
• Prolonged use might cause liver problems, cardiovascular problems, mental problems, cancer, and pancreas problems.
• It should not be used during pregnancy as well as for nursing mothers.
• If used by pregnant women might cause fetal alcohol syndrome or miscarriage.
• Porphyria and blood-associated problems patients should avoid its use.
• It has a high content of calories so its excessive intake could lead to weight gain.

Other Facts        

• Red wines have red color as the color is extracted from the skin of grapes during fermentation.
• Red wine has a high content of resveratrol and antioxidants.
• Red wine loses color as it ages.
• The smell which comes from the wine is called an aroma.
• Due to the presence of histamines in red wine, some might get headaches.
• The people in China mix red wines with Sprite or Coca-Cola.
• Red wine could lose its flavor when it gets too warm.
• It is considered the oldest beverage.

References