Salacia reticulata is a climbing, perennial, woody shrub. The plant has a dichotomous branching pattern. The bark is smooth, greenish-grey in color, thin, and white internally. Leaves: opposite and elliptic-oblong. Leaf-base is acute?, apex abruptly acuminate, the margin is toothed with minute rounded teeth. Flowers are bisexual and arranged as 2-8 clustered in leaf axils. They are greenish-white to greenish-yellow in color. Fruit is a drupe that is globose and tubercular. The drupe assumes pinkish-orange color on ripening. Seeds 1–4 in number and resemble almond.

Salacia reticulate is an inherent flowering plant of genus Salacia (belonging to the family Hippocrataceae/ Celastraceae) often cultivated in dry zone forests in Sri Lanka and Southern region of India. Salacia reticulate is a sarmentose or scandent shrub or small tree. Usually, leaves are opposite, coriaceous and petioled. Flowers are small, axillary, extra-axillary, cymose or fascicled, and hardly solitary followed by an edible and baccate fruit which is 1-3 celled having 1-4 seeded. Pulp is mucilaginous. Seeds are angular with thick testa, cotyledons, and conferruminate.

Salacia exhibits antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antimalarial, infection?, or irritation, often causing pain?, swelling?, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">inflammation?, pain, or swelling. সহজ বাংলা: প্রদাহ/ফোলা/ব্যথা কমায়।" data-rx-term="anti-inflammatory" data-rx-definition="Anti-inflammatory means reducing inflammation, pain, or swelling. সহজ বাংলা: প্রদাহ/ফোলা/ব্যথা কমায়।">anti-inflammatory?, and anti-obese activities. The plant is over-exploited in India due to its multifarious therapeutic properties. It is used to treat insulin? is low or not working well. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তে চিনি বেশি থাকার রোগ।" data-rx-term="diabetes" data-rx-definition="Diabetes is a condition where blood sugar stays too high because insulin is low or not working well. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তে চিনি বেশি থাকার রোগ।">diabetes? which is a chronic? disorder in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fat, and protein due to relative deficiency of insulin secretion. Root decoction of Salacia reticulate is used for treating rheumatism, gonorrhea, hemorrhoids, skin diseases, swelling, itching, thirst, asthma, dysmenorrheal, and amenorrhea.

Plant description

Salacia reticulate is a climbing, perennial and woody shrub with a dichotomous branching pattern. It has smooth and greenish-grey bark. The plant has opposite and elliptic to oblong leaves. Leaf base is acute?, margins are toothed, apex abruptly acuminate. Flowers are bisexual, greenish-white to greenish-yellow in color arranged as 2 to 8 clustered in leaf axils. It bears drupe as a fruit that is tubercular and globose in shape that becomes pinkish-orange when ripened. Fruit encompasses 1 to 4 seeds that resemble an almond.

Health Benefits of Salacia reticulate

Here let us know the health benefits it offers:

1. Weight loss?

Animal studies have shown that Salacia reticulata prevents the accumulation of fat, promotes activity of genes which support fat breakdown and normalize glucose or lipid metabolism. Research exhibits that these properties are due to the presence of salacious, mangiferin, kotalanol and kotalagenin 16-acetate. Studies conducted on animal shows that Salacia reticulata when used with cyclodextrin lowers the chances of weight gain, visceral fat, fat deposition, and cholesterol? or lipid levels in high fat diet-induced obesity.

2. Prevent fat absorption

Lipase is the enzyme that has a crucial role in the deposition of fat and digestion. Studies show that stem and leaves extract inhibit lipase activity. The polyphenolic compounds such as methylepigallocatechin, mangiferin, epicatechin, and epigallocatechin show strong inhibitory activities. It prevents metabolism as well as absorption of fat from the diet. It enhances the breakdown as well as excretion of fats.

3. Lowers the cholesterol?

Studies have shown that Salacia extracts lower lipids and cholesterol? effectively. Leaf and root extracts of 500 mg when taken for six weeks helps to lower cholesterol and lipid levels in patients with mild and moderate hyperlipidemia. Research exhibits the cholesterol-lowering effect of root extract showing a similar effect of simvastatin, an anti-hyperlipidemic drug.

4. Anti-diabetic properties

Extracts of Salacia reticulata show anti-diabetic properties by lowering blood glucose. The balance of insulin? and glucose levels results in the effective utilization of carbohydrates in the diet. It prevents the increment in glucose levels after meals and also controls appetite. The compounds found in Salacia reticulata extracts such as kotalanol and salacious inhibits the activities of enzymes such as alpha-glucosidase, which involves in absorption and digestion of carbohydrates. Root extracts display faster action in comparison to leaf extract in lowering glucose and cholesterol? levels. A trial shows that herb can be used as an oral hypoglycaemic agent which normalizes blood sugar after an intake of meals rich in carbohydrates. An intake of herbal tea that contains Salacia reticulata helps to lower blood glucose.

5. Anti-obese activity

Salacia helps to control problems associated with obesity. The study was conducted on obese patients. An enzyme pancreatic lipase is integral for the digestion of dietary fat. It helps to lower weight in humans. It is reported that S. reticulate helps to suppress pancreatic lipase activity. It inhibits pancreatic lipase activity in the small intestine and is a vital mechanism for the depletion of postprandial hyperlipidaemia.

6. Anti-proliferative activity

Salacia reticulate leaves show anti-proliferative activity in interleukin-1- activated cells. An extract of 850 µg/ml demonstrates 50% inhibition in synoviocyte-like cell lines and restrain matrix metalloproteinase genes. Results show that Salacia has noteworthy anti-proliferative activity.

Traditional uses

In Ayurvedic medicine, the aerial parts and roots of Salacia are used, and in Unani and traditional Indian medicine.

References