Carambola, which is scientifically known as Averrhoa carambola, is a fruit-bearing tree of the family Oxalidaceae and genus Averrhoa. The tree, as well as the fruit, is popular by different names in different languages such as Haitian (Zibline), Tonga (Tapanima), Khmer (Spu), Laotian (Nak Fuang), Polish (Karambola) and others. Carambola is widely popular throughout the world and is known as Carambola, Coolie Tamarind (Trinidad), Coromandel Gooseberry, Country Gooseberry, Five Corner (Australian), Five Fingers (Guyana), Starfruit, and Star Pickle.
| Carambola Quick Facts | |
|---|---|
| Name: | Carambola |
| Scientific Name: | Averrhoa Carambola |
| Origin | Malayan Peninsula, also cultivated in Southeast Asia, Pacific Islands, and China |
| Colors | Light to dark yellow, smooth with a waxy cuticle |
| Shapes | Ovate to ellipsoid, star-shaped, length: 2-1/2 to 5 inches (6 to 13 cm) |
| Flesh colors | Translucent and light yellow to yellow |
| Taste | Tart and sour to slightly sweet |
| Calories | 138 Kcal. Kcal./cup |
| Major nutrients | Vitamin C 41.33% Copper 16.44% Vitamin B5 8.44% Dietary Fiber 7.89% Carbohydrate 5.59% |
| Health benefits | Antioxidant activity, Analgesic, Hypoglycemic, Anthelmintic and Antiulcer activity |
Carambola facts
Star fruit is served as a fresh beverage in Brazil or served as an industrialized juice throughout the world. The tree is short-trunked, slow-growing with a much-branched, broad, bushy, rounded crown. It grows up to 6 to 9 meters in height. The fruit shape is showy and oblong, length: 6 to 15 centimeters and width: 9 centimeters with thin, waxy, yellow-orange flesh and skin.
| Name | Carambola |
|---|---|
| Scientific Name | Averrhoa Carambola |
| Native | Malayan peninsula and cultivated in many parts of Southeast Asia, Pacific islands and China for its fruits. Carambola was originated in West Malesia then the fruit has been cultivated in Southeast Asia and Malaysia for centuries. It has naturalized in Northern south America. |
| Common/English Name | Carambola, Coolie Tamarind (Trinidad), Coromandel Gooseberry, Country Gooseberry, Five Corner (Australian), Five Fingers (Guyana), Starfruit, Star Pickle |
| Name in Other Languages | Brazil (Camerunga), (Carambola), (Caramboleiro); Portuguese (Limas De Cayena); Burmese (Zaung-Ya); Chinese (Yang-Tao, Ma Fen), (Wu Lian Zi); Costa Rica (Tiriguro); Danish (Karambol); Dominican Republic (Vinagrillo); Dutch (Blimbing), (Carambola), (Damaksche), (Blimbing), (Stervrucht), (Zoeta Vijjhoek); El Salvador (Pepino De La India); Fijian (Kamrakh), (Wi Ni Idia), (Wi Ni Jaina); French (Carambolier), (Carambolier Doux), (Pomier De Goa); French Antilles (Cornichon); French Guiana (Carambol); German (Baumstachelbeere), (Blimbingbaum), (Karambole), (Sternfrucht), (Gestirnte Pflaume); Guam (Bilimbines); Haitian (Zibline); India (Kardoi), (Kordoi), Rohdoi (Assamese), Kamranga (Bengali), Amrenga (Garos, Meghalaya), Kamarakh, Kamaramga, Kamaranga, Kamrak, Karmal, Khamrak (Hindu), Darehuli, Kamarak, Kamaranga, Kirinulli, Daare Huli, Kamaraka Mara, Kamarakshi, Komarakmara, Kamarakshi Mara, Darchuli, Darepuli, Dharehuli, Kamrac, Karmaranga, Kiranelli, Kirinelli, Komaree, Kamaraak Mara, Kamaraakshi, Kamaraakshi Hannu, Kamarakha, Kamraak, Karamaadalu, Kobari Kaayi (Kannada), Dieng Sohtreng (Khasis, Meghalaya), Carambola, Caturappuli, Chaturapuli, Irumpanpuli, Kamarangam, Pulinji, Tamarat-Tuka, Tamaratta, Saturappuli, Catarapuli, Chatarapali, Chaturappuli, Kamaranga, Pulachi, Pulichi, Pulinci, Tamara, Tamaratonga, Thamarathamu (Malayalam), Heinoujom, Seizrak (Manipuri), Kamarakha, Kumrak, Karmare, Karamala, Karmar, Karmal (Marathi), Theiher-Awt, Theiherawt (Mizoram), Koromonga (Oriya), Brihaddala, Dantasatha, Dharaphala, Dharaphalah, Karmar, Karmara, Karmaranga, Karmarangah, Karuka, Karukah, Mudgara, Pitaphala, Pitaphalah, Rujakara, Shiral, Shukapriya (Sanskrit), Kandasagadam, Tamarttam-Kay, Tamarattai, Tamaraththam, Thamaratham, Sagadam, Sigam, Sisam, Tamaratti, Tamarathai, Cakatam, Cakattai, Caturappuli, Ci, Cicakari, Cicam, Cikam, Cukkirakam, Cukkirakamaram, Kacerukam, Kandasagadam, Kantacatakamaram, Kantacatcam, Kantacatkam, Pukamatitam, Pukamatitamaram, Pulipputtamarattai, Putakecam, Putakecaramaram, Tamarakam, Tamarakamaram, Tamarattai, Tamarattaimaram, Tamarattam, Tamarattankay, Tantacatam, Nattuttamarattai (Tamil), Karamonga, Karomonga, Tamaratamu, Tamarta, Tamarta-Kaya, Karamanooga, Thamaratha (Telugu), Kamrakh, Kamarakha (Urdu); (Indonesia) Belimbing Manis, Belimbing, Belimbing Legee, Blimbing Wana (Java), Bhalingbhing Manes (Madurese), Balingbing,Tjalingtjing Amis (Sundanese); Japanese (Gorenshi, Karanbora); Khmer (Spu); Laotian (Nak Fuang); Malaysia (Belimbing Segi), (Belimbing), (Belimbing Manis),(Belimbing Batu), (Belimbing Pessegi), (Belimbing Besi), (Belimbing Sayur), (Caramba Carambola), (Belimbing Saji), (Kambola); Mexico (Carambolera), (Caramboler), (Árbol De Pepino); Pakistan (Kamrak), (Kamranga); Papua New Guinea (Faiv Kona); Philippines , Balimbing (Bikol), (Balingbing) Garahan: (Bisaya), Balimbing Balingbing: (Cebu Bisaya), Daligan: (Iloko), Dalihan: Ibanag Malimbin: Samar Leyte Bisaya Galañgan: Panay Bisaya Balimbing: Sulu Balimbin: Tagalog Sirinate: Tinggian Polish: Karambola Slovašcina: Karambola Spanish: Arbol De Pepino, Carambolera, Carambola, Carambolero, Pepino De La India, Tamarindo Chino, Tamarindo Dulce. Sri Lanka: Kamaranga Surinam: Blimbing Legi, Fransman-Bambi Thailand: Ma Fuang, Khe, Fuang, Sa Bue Tonga: Tapanima Venzuela: Tamarindo Chino, Tamarindo Dulce Vietnamese: Khe Ta, Khe |
| Plant Growth Habit | The short-trunked, deciduous, perennial tree grows up to 4–9 m high. |
| Growing Climate | Wet, humid climate with the distinct dry season such as tropical and sub-tropical climates |
| Soil | Fertile, rich, well-drained, loamy soils |
| Plant Size | 4–9 m high |
| Lifespan | Up to 40 years in a wild |
| Bark | Smooth and greyish-brown to dark grey |
| Branchlets | Much-branched, bushy, broad, rounded crown |
| Leaf | Leaves are arranged spirally, alternate, imparipinnate, 15–20 cm long. Each leaflet is ovate or oblong, subsessile from 2–8.5 cm long, 3–4.5 cm broad with nearly 7 to 11 opposite leaflets. |
| Edible parts of the plants | Fruit used in salads or as a garnish in cocktail drinks and beverages, tropical drinks, and smoothies Immature or half-ripe fruit: Used as vegetables for cooking and also prepared into pickles and sweet skin, seeds: Used as a garnish in salads and in relishes and preserves |
| Flowering Season | Throughout the year |
| Flower | Bell-shaped, purple to bright purple with 6 mm wide and 3/8 inch diameter |
| Fruit shape & size | Ovate to ellipsoid, star-shaped, length: 2-1/2 to 5 inches (6 to 13 cm) |
| Fruit color | Light to dark yellow, smooth with a waxy cuticle |
| Flesh color | Translucent and light yellow to yellow |
| Fruit peel | Thin |
| Flavor/aroma | Combination of plums, pineapples, and lemons |
| Fruit Taste | Tart and sour to slightly sweet |
| Seed | Ovoid, 10 to 12 flat light brown seeds about 0.25 to 0.5 (0.64 to 1.27 cm) in width and enclosed in gelatinous aril |
| Varieties/Types | Two varieties: one sour and slightly sweet |
| Fruit Season | Peak season is February-July |
| Major Nutritions | Nutrient Water 98.69 g Energy 33 Kcal Energy 138 kJ Protein 1.12 g (2.24%) Total Fat (lipid) 0.36 g (1.03%) Ash 0.56 g Carbohydrate 7.27 g (5.59%) Total dietary Fiber 3 g (7.89%) Total Sugars 4.3 g Minerals Copper, Cu 0.148 mg (16.44%) Potassium, K 144 mg (3.06%) Magnesium, Mg 11 mg (2.62%) Phosphorus, P 13 mg (1.86%) Manganese, Mn 0.04 mg (1.74%) Zinc, Zn 0.13 mg (1.18%) Iron, Fe 0.09 mg (1.13%) Selenium, Se 0.6 µg (1.09%) Calcium, Ca 3 mg (0.30%) Sodium, Na 2 mg (0.13%) Vitamins Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) 37.2 mg (41.33%) Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) 0.015 mg (1.25%) Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) 0.017 mg (1.31%) Vitamin B3 (Niacin) 0.396 mg (2.48%) Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid) 0.422 mg (8.44%) Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) 0.018 mg (1.38%) Vitamin B9 (Folate) 13 µg (3.25%) Choline, total 8.2 mg (1.49%) Vitamin A 3 µg (0.43%) Beta Carotene 27 µg Alpha Carotene 26 µg Lutein + zeaxanthin 71 µg Vitamin E 0.16 mg (1.07%)
Lipids Total monounsaturated fat 0.032 g Total polyunsaturated fat 0.199 g (1.17%) Amino Acids |
| Health Benefits |
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| Calories in 1cup (108 gm) | 138 Kcal. |
| Traditional uses |
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| Precautions |
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| How to Eat |
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| Other Facts |
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Carambola Scientific Classification
Scientific Name: Averrhoa carambola
| Rank | Scientific Name & (Common Name) |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae (Plants) |
| Subkingdom | Tracheobionta (Vascular plants) |
| Superdivision | Spermatophyta (Seed plants) |
| Division | Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants) |
| Class | Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons) |
| Subclass | Rosidae |
| Order | Geraniales |
| Family | Oxalidaceae (Wood-Sorrel family) |
| Genus | Averrhoa Adans. (Averrhoa) |
| Species | Averrhoa carambola L. (Carambola) |
| Synonyms |
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History
Carambola is native to Malayan Peninsula but nowadays it is also cultivated in many parts of Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, and China for its fruits. Carambola was originated in West Malesia and for centuries it was cultivated in Southeast Asia and Malaysia. It has been naturalized in northern South America.
Plant
The carambola tree is a slow-growing, deciduous, perennial tree, short-trunked with a much-branched, bushy, broad, and rounded crown. The tree reaches upto the height of 6–9 m. The flowers are pink in color, bell-shaped with 3/8 inch in diameter. Leaves are arranged spirally and alternate in 15-20 cm length. The leaflets are ovate or oblong with length: 2–8.5 cm and broad: 3–4.5 cm. It grows in tropical and sub-tropical climates which is wet, humid. The plant flowers throughout the year. The plant has a lifespan of 40 years.
Fruit
The fruit is smooth and dark yellow in color with a waxy cuticle. The fruit is ovate to ellipsoid and star-shaped in 2-1/2 to 5 inches (6 to 13 cm) in length. The skin’s peel is thin. The taste of the fruit is pleasantly tart and sour to slightly sweet. It has the combined flavor of pineapples, plums, and lemons. Its flesh is translucent from light yellow to yellow in color. It has 10 to 12 seeds. The seed is ovoid in blackish brown color about 0.25 to 0.5 inches (0.64 to 1.27 cm) in width.
Nutritional Value
Averrhoa carambola is fully packed with vital nutrients. It is a very good source of natural antioxidants like L-ascorbic acid, (-) epicatechin, and gallic acid in gall tannin forms. Consuming 108 g of this fruit can provide, 33 Kcal calories, 1.12 g proteins, 7.27 g carbohydrates, 3 g dietary fiber, 0.36 g fat, 3 mg calcium, 0.09 mg iron, 13 mg phosphorus, 144 mg potassium. Moreover, various amino acids like 0.009 g of tryptophan, 0.023 g of methionine, and 0.083 gm of lysine are also present in 108 g of the fruit.
Nutritional value of Carambola
Calories 33 Kcal.Calories from Fat 3.24 Kcal.
| Proximity | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Water | 98.69 g | N/D |
| Energy | 33 Kcal | N/D |
| Energy | 138 kJ | N/D |
| Protein | 1.12 g | 2.24% |
| Total Fat (lipid) | 0.36 g | 1.03% |
| Ash | 0.56 g | N/D |
| Carbohydrate | 7.27 g | 5.59% |
| Total dietary Fiber | 3 g | 7.89% |
| Total Sugars | 4.3 g | N/D |
| Minerals | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Copper, Cu | 0.148 mg | 16.44% |
| Potassium, K | 144 mg | 3.06% |
| Magnesium, Mg | 11 mg | 2.62% |
| Phosphorus, P | 13 mg | 1.86% |
| Manganese, Mn | 0.04 mg | 1.74% |
| Zinc, Zn | 0.13 mg | 1.18% |
| Iron, Fe | 0.09 mg | 1.13% |
| Selenium, Se | 0.6 µg | 1.09% |
| Calcium, Ca | 3 mg | 0.30% |
| Sodium, Na | 2 mg | 0.13% |
| Vitamins | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) | 37.2 mg | 41.33% |
| Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) | 0.015 mg | 1.25% |
| Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) | 0.017 mg | 1.31% |
| Vitamin B3 (Niacin) | 0.396 mg | 2.48% |
| Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid) | 0.422 mg | 8.44% |
| Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) | 0.018 mg | 1.38% |
| Vitamin B9 (Folate) | 13 µg | 3.25% |
| Choline, total | 8.2 mg | 1.49% |
| Vitamin A | 3 µg | 0.43% |
| Beta Carotene | 27 µg | N/D |
| Alpha Carotene | 26 µg | N/D |
| Lutein + zeaxanthin | 71 µg | N/D |
| Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) | 0.16 mg | 1.07% |
| Lipids | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Fatty acids, total saturated | 0.021 g | 0.03% |
| palmitic acid | 0.012 g | N/D |
| stearic acid | 0.009 g | N/D |
| Fatty acids, total monounsaturated | 0.032 g | N/D |
| oleic acid | 0.032 g | N/D |
| Fatty acids, total polyunsaturated | 0.199 g | 1.17% |
| Linoleic acid | 0.17 g | 1.00% |
| Linolenic acid | 0.029 g | 1.81% |
| Amino Acids | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Tryptophan | 0.009 g | 2.05% |
| Threonine | 0.048 g | 2.73% |
| Isoleucine | 0.048 g | 2.87% |
| Leucine | 0.083 g | 2.25% |
| Lysine | 0.083 g | 2.48% |
| Methionine | 0.023 g | 1.38% |
| Phenylalanine and Tyrosine | 0.088 g | 3.03% |
| Valine | 0.054 g | 2.56% |
| Histidine | 0.009 g | 0.73% |
| Arginine | 0.023 g | N/D |
| Alanine | 0.077 g | N/D |
| Aspartic acid | 0.106 g | N/D |
| Glutamic acid | 0.16 g | N/D |
| Glycine | 0.054 g | N/D |
| Proline | 0.054 g | N/D |
| Serine | 0.09 g | N/D |
Health Benefits of Carambola
- Antioxidant activity
A strong correlation was shown between the antioxidant activity and total phenolics and proanthocyanidins contents. Fewer amounts of flavonoids are found in the fruit whereas the correlation between antioxidant activity and ascorbate content was found poor. Carambola possesses huge phenolic antioxidants that provide health benefits. The huge presence of phenolics and antioxidant activity provides various benefits to the health when it is used in functional food products.
- Anti-microbial and antifungal activity
The extract of ethanol, butanol fractions, ethyl acetate, hexane, and flavonoids such as fucopyranoside from the leaves of carambola is used for the purpose of anti-inflammatory. The extract of ethanol lowered edema when it is taken in a dose-dependent manner. The ethanol extract also prevented the Myeloperoxidase activity.
3. Antitumor activity
The study conducted on the cultured cells of Carambola concluded that it has possessed the ability to hydroxylate sesquiterpene compounds in a region and stereoselective manner. The research was made on the brain tumor cells with the alcoholic extract from the carambola stems but the leaves extract was efficient against the liver carcinoma cells.
- Antiulcer activity
The water-alcohol extract of the leaves of Carambola was examined about the potential of anti-ulcerogenic. When the research was conducted on rats, it does not show the indomethacin and acute stress ulcerogenic models which shows that the presence of the ethanolic extract of Carambola possesses lower anti-ulcer activity.
- Hypotensive activity
The hypotensive effect was studied on the isolated rat aorta with the aqueous extract. It reduces the induced contractions and contractile mechanisms. The conclusion derived from the aqueous extract shows its hypotensive nature.
- Hypocholesterolemic activity
The potential of hypocholesterolemic activity was examined of different insoluble fibers which is prepared from Carambola. The insoluble fibers of Carambola lowered the serum triglyceride and total cholesterol by promoting the elimination of cholesterol and bile.
- Nephrotoxic effect
The study about the effects of Carambola on patients with renal failure shows that the fruit and its juice may urge neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Patients of chronic disease should avoid carambola. Those having normal renal function should also avoid the consumption of fruit or juice on an empty stomach.
- Analgesic
The study which was conducted on the analgesic activity of the Carambola fruit shows that it shows the significant central and peripheral analgesic activities in acetic acid.
- Hypoglycemic
The pulp of ripe Carambola possesses the hypoglycemic effect which reduces the levels of blood glucose. The report shows that the dietary fibers, alcohol insoluble solids, and water-insoluble solid segregated from the pomace of Carambola acquire the hypoglycaemic effects.
- Anthelmintic
Carambola leaves showed an anthelmintic activity in a dose-dependent manner which shows the time of paralysis in 10 minutes and the death in 16 minutes in 100 mg/ml concentration.
- Hypocholesterolemic & Hypolipidemic activity
The report on an isolated water-insoluble fiber-rich fraction (WIFF) in the star fruit pomace shows the hypolipidaemic and hypocholesterolemic activity. It reduces cholesterol and lipid by promoting the extraction of cholesterol and bile acids. It reduces the triglycerol in serum, liver cholesterol and raises the cholesterol, total lipids, and bile acids.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-hxtLxQqqSk
How to eat
It could be eaten in the form of juice, smoothie, shake, or raw. Due to the presence of slight tartness, it could be made a pickle as well. It could be mixed with tropical fruit salad, fresh lime juice, little honey, and zest. It could be floated in a fresh summer punch or either sauté with shrimp, chicken or meat.
Precautions
As it possesses oxalic acid, it should be avoided by patients of kidney failure and kidney disease. One should consult a pharmacist before the consumption of starfruit because this could interfere or interact with the prescription medications. The symptoms for the intoxication of starfruit may include nausea, persistent hiccups, agitation, vomiting, insomnia, convulsions, and mental confusion.
From Where To Buy
- Dried Star Fruit, 16 oz bag
- Try using star fruit as a festive garnish for drinks and deserts.
- Try using star fruit as a festive garnish for drinks and deserts. This fruit has a sweet taste of tropical fruit and tastes great by itself or as an ingredient in your favorite trail mix
- Top cereal or oatmeal
or
- Life sized Closer to the real food
- Made by eco-friendly foam materials nontoxic
- High Simulation,Real looking and lifelike
- Suitable for kitchen and restaurant decoration
- Warning:Stay away from children under the age of 8 to prevent accidental ingestion
References
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