Browse plain-English disease and condition guides, including symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment options, prevention, and when to seek medical care.
12 Cranial Nerves/The cranial nerves provide afferent and efferent (sensory, motor, and autonomic) innervation to the structures of the head and neck. Unlike spinal nerves whose...
Read articleThe abducens nerve is a crucial part of our body’s nervous system, responsible for controlling the movement of our eyes. However, when this nerve undergoes atrophy,...
Read articleAbducens nerve cancer, also known as abducens nerve schwannoma or abducens nerve glioma, is a rare type of tumor that affects the sixth cranial nerve. This...
Read articleAbducens nerve compression occurs when the sixth cranial nerve, responsible for controlling eye movement, is squeezed or damaged. This condition can lead to various symptoms affecting...
Read articleAbducens nerve degeneration is a condition that affects the sixth cranial nerve, which controls the movement of the eye. This article aims to provide a clear...
Read articleAbducens nerve diseases affect the sixth cranial nerve, responsible for controlling eye movement. These conditions can lead to various symptoms, affecting vision and overall health. Understanding...
Read articleAbducens nerve disorders can cause problems with eye movement, leading to various symptoms and difficulties. Understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for these disorders...
Read articleAbducens nerve dysfunction, also known as sixth nerve palsy or cranial nerve VI dysfunction, affects the nerve responsible for controlling the movement of the lateral rectus...
Read articleAbducens nerve dysfunction and ischemia are medical conditions that affect different parts of the body but can have significant impacts on a person’s health and wellbeing....
Read articleAbducens nerve lesions can lead to various difficulties in eye movement and coordination. Understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for these lesions is crucial...
Read articleAbducens nerve malformation is a condition affecting the sixth cranial nerve, which controls the movement of the eye. When this nerve is not functioning properly due...
Read articleAbducens nerve neuralgia, often referred to as sixth nerve neuralgia, is a condition that affects the sixth cranial nerve, responsible for controlling the movement of the...
Read articleIntracranial arteriovenous malformation is a problem in the blood vessels inside the brain where an artery connects directly to a vein without a normal tiny “filter”...
Read articleCerebellar ataxia-ectodermal dysplasia syndrome is a very rare genetic condition that affects both the brain (especially the cerebellum) and ectodermal structures, such as hair and teeth....
Read articleEarly plasmacytoid dendritic cell leukemia/lymphoma” is most often the same disease doctors now call blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN). It is a rare, fast-growing blood...
Read articleCayman type cerebellar ataxia (often shortened to “Cayman ataxia”) is a rare inherited brain development condition that starts from birth or very early infancy. It mainly...
Read articleCerebral myiasis means fly larvae (maggots) infest tissue in or around the brain. It is extremely rare. In most reported cases, larvae get access through an...
Read articleSpongy degeneration of the brain means the brain’s white matter (the wiring that carries messages) develops many tiny fluid-filled holes and becomes soft and swollen. In...
Read articleSpongiform leucodystrophy is a rare brain disease. It mainly affects babies and young children. “Leuco-” means white, and “dystrophy” means damage or poor growth. In this...
Read articleCanavan disease is a rare, inherited brain disorder in which the white matter (the “insulation” around nerve fibers called myelin) is damaged and does not develop...
Read articleAminoacylase-2 deficiency—the condition better known today as Canavan disease (aspartoacylase deficiency) is a rare, inherited brain disease. Doctors now call it Canavan disease. It happens when...
Read articleC11ORF73-related autosomal recessive hypomyelinating leukoencephalopathy is a rare genetic brain white-matter disease. “Hypomyelinating” means the brain does not lay down normal myelin (the fatty insulation around...
Read articleTrigonocephaly C syndrome (often shortened to C syndrome or Opitz trigonocephaly syndrome / OTCS) is an ultra-rare genetic condition. The key sign is trigonocephaly—a triangular-shaped forehead...
Read articleOpitz trigonocephaly C syndrome is an ultra-rare genetic condition. Babies are born with a triangular-shaped forehead because the metopic suture (the seam in the middle of...
Read articleOpitz C trigonocephaly, also called C syndrome or Opitz trigonocephaly syndrome, is a very rare genetic condition. The front seam of the skull (the metopic suture)...
Read articleBirk-Barel syndrome is a very rare, inherited brain-development disorder caused by changes in a single gene called KCNK9. This gene makes a potassium “leak” channel called...
Read articleBiotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease is a rare, inherited brain disorder. It damages deep movement-control centers in the brain called the basal ganglia. The disease happens when...
Read articleBiotin-responsive basal ganglia disease is a rare, inherited brain energy problem. It happens when brain cells cannot move enough thiamine (vitamin B1) into the cells where...
Read articlePrimary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is a rare, inherited brain condition. In PFBC, tiny hard deposits made of calcium form in certain deep areas of the...
Read articleCerebrovascular ferrocalcinosis means there is abnormal build-up of minerals—mainly calcium and often iron-related deposits—within the walls of small blood vessels and the tissues around them inside...
Read articleBilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis (BSPDC) is a rare brain condition where calcium-rich deposits build up on both sides of deep brain areas that control movement and thinking—especially...
Read articleBilateral polymicrogyria is a problem in how the brain’s surface (the cortex) forms before birth. In PMG, the brain makes too many very small folds (gyri),...
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