Disease A-Z Library

Rx Cancer (A – Z)

Browse plain-English disease and condition guides, including symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment options, prevention, and when to seek medical care.

1,650 articlesUpdated medical education library

Diseases A-Z

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A WHO Grade III Oligodendroglial Tumor

A WHO grade III oligodendroglial tumor is a fast-growing brain tumor that starts from oligodendrocytes, the cells that make the myelin (insulation) around nerve fibers. In...

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Abdominal Cystic Lymphangioma

Abdominal cystic lymphangioma is a rare, non-cancerous growth made of abnormal lymphatic vessels that form one or more fluid-filled cysts inside the abdomen. The lymphatic system...

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Abducent Nucleus Cancer

Abducent nucleus cancer, also known as sixth cranial nerve nucleus cancer, is a rare condition where abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the abducent nucleus, a part...

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Aberrant Basal Cell Carcinoma

Aberrant Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is a type of skin cancer that typically originates in the basal cells of the skin’s outer layer. In this article,...

Abrikossoff’s Tumor

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Abrikossoff’s Tumor

Abrikossoff’s tumor, also known as granular cell tumor (GCT), is a rare type of soft tissue tumor that can develop in various parts of the body....

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Absolute Monocytopenia

Absolute monocytopenia means the number of monocytes in the blood is abnormally low, specifically below about 0.2 × 10⁹/L (or <200 cells/µL). Monocytes are a critical...

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Absolute Monocytosis

Absolute monocytosis means your blood has more monocytes than the normal upper limit when counted as an absolute number, not just a percentage. Monocytes are a...

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Acinar Cell Carcinoma

Acinar Cell Carcinoma (ACC) is a rare type of cancer that originates in the acinar cells of the pancreas. While it may sound complicated, we’re here...

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Ackerman Tumor

Ackerman tumor, also known as Ackerman syndrome or Ackerman’s tumor, is a rare medical condition that primarily affects the bones and soft tissues of the body....

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Acoustic Neuroma

Acoustic neuroma refers to a benign tumor that arises from the Schwann cells lining the vestibular nerve. This nerve is responsible for transmitting sound and assisting...

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Acoustic Schwannoma

An acoustic schwannoma is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor that grows from Schwann cells—the cells that wrap and protect the vestibular (balance) part of the eighth cranial...

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Acquired Alpha-thalassaemia in Myeloid Neoplasms

Acquired alpha-thalassaemia in myeloid neoplasms means a person who has a disease of the bone marrow (a blood-forming cancer or pre-cancer) suddenly develops a new problem...

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Kaposi Sarcoma – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) gained public attention as an AIDS-defining malignancy; its appearance on the skin was a highly stigmatizing sign of HIV infection during the height...

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Soft Tissue Sarcomas – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STS) are a rare and heterogeneous group of tumors, arising in connective tissues embryologically derived from the mesenchyme. There are dozens of subtypes...

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Leiomyosarcoma – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is one of the more common subtypes of STS, comprising up to 25% of all sarcomas. Classically, LMS would either originate directly from the...

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Nephroblastoma – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Nephroblastoma is the most common renal cancer in the pediatric age group.[rx][rx] It is also the most common pediatric abdominal cancer, and the fourth most common...

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Tumor – Types, Classification, Treatment

A tumor is a mass of tissue that’s formed by an accumulation of abnormal cells. Normally, the cells in your body age, die, and are replaced by new...

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Wilms Tumor- Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Wilms tumor/nephroblastoma is the most common renal cancer in the pediatric age group.[rx][rx] It is also the most common pediatric abdominal cancer, and the fourth most...

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Osteosarcoma – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Osteosarcoma (OS) is an osteoid-producing malignancy of mesenchymal origins. This high-grade tumor is the most common primary malignancy of bone and is often fatal in both...

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Retinoblastoma – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a rare form of cancer that rapidly develops from the immature cells of a retina, the light-detecting tissue of the eye. It is the most common primary malignant intraocular...

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Tumor Suppressor Genes – What About You Need To Know

Tumor Suppressor Genes are important genes that act within the genome to regulate several cellular functions. These genes can be broadly classified based on their role...

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Breast Lumps / Masses – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Breast Lumps / Masses are very common, particularly among women of reproductive age. Over 25% of women are affected by breast disease in their lifetime, and...

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Fibrocystic Breast – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Fibrocystic Breast is the most common benign type of breast disease, diagnosed in millions of women worldwide. Certain hormonal factors underpin the function, evaluation, and treatment of...

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Fibrocystic Breast Pain – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Fibrocystic Breast Pain is the most common benign type of breast disease, diagnosed in millions of women worldwide. Certain hormonal factors underpin the function, evaluation, and treatment...

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Fibrocystic Breast Disease – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Fibrocystic Breast Disease is the most common benign type of breast disease, diagnosed in millions of women worldwide. Certain hormonal factors underpin the function, evaluation, and...

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Breast Fibroadenoma – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Breast Fibroadenoma/A fibroadenoma is a painless, unilateral, benign (non-cancerous) breast tumor that is a solid, not fluid-filled, lump. It occurs most commonly in women between the age...

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Fibroadenoma – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

A fibroadenoma is a painless, unilateral, benign (non-cancerous) breast tumor that is a solid, not fluid-filled, lump. It occurs most commonly in women between the age of...

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MALT Lymphoma – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

MALT Lymphoma/Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) Lymphoma is a mature B-cell neoplasm that typically follows an indolent clinical course. Amyloid deposition associated...

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Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue

Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a mature B-cell neoplasm that typically follows an indolent clinical course. Amyloid deposition associated with...

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Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition Disease (MIDD)

Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (MIDD) is a rare disease characterized by the deposition of monoclonal Ig molecules in basement membranes. In contrast to amyloidosis, the deposits...

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Extramedullary Plasmacytoma – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Extramedullary Plasmacytoma is a rare tumor and accounts for 3-5% of all plasma cell neoplasms. Approximately 80% of them occur in the upper aerodigestive tract. Extramedullary...

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Solitary Plasmacytoma – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

The Solitary Plasmacytoma (SP) is characterized by a localized accumulation of neoplastic monoclonal plasma cells without proof of a systemic plasma cell proliferative disorder. It is...