Disease A-Z Library

Rx Cancer (A – Z)

Browse plain-English disease and condition guides, including symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment options, prevention, and when to seek medical care.

1,650 articlesUpdated medical education library

Diseases A-Z

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A WHO Grade III Oligodendroglial Tumor

A WHO grade III oligodendroglial tumor is a fast-growing brain tumor that starts from oligodendrocytes, the cells that make the myelin (insulation) around nerve fibers. In...

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Abdominal Cystic Lymphangioma

Abdominal cystic lymphangioma is a rare, non-cancerous growth made of abnormal lymphatic vessels that form one or more fluid-filled cysts inside the abdomen. The lymphatic system...

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Abducent Nucleus Cancer

Abducent nucleus cancer, also known as sixth cranial nerve nucleus cancer, is a rare condition where abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the abducent nucleus, a part...

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Aberrant Basal Cell Carcinoma

Aberrant Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is a type of skin cancer that typically originates in the basal cells of the skin’s outer layer. In this article,...

Abrikossoff’s Tumor

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Abrikossoff’s Tumor

Abrikossoff’s tumor, also known as granular cell tumor (GCT), is a rare type of soft tissue tumor that can develop in various parts of the body....

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Absolute Monocytopenia

Absolute monocytopenia means the number of monocytes in the blood is abnormally low, specifically below about 0.2 × 10⁹/L (or <200 cells/µL). Monocytes are a critical...

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Absolute Monocytosis

Absolute monocytosis means your blood has more monocytes than the normal upper limit when counted as an absolute number, not just a percentage. Monocytes are a...

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Acinar Cell Carcinoma

Acinar Cell Carcinoma (ACC) is a rare type of cancer that originates in the acinar cells of the pancreas. While it may sound complicated, we’re here...

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Ackerman Tumor

Ackerman tumor, also known as Ackerman syndrome or Ackerman’s tumor, is a rare medical condition that primarily affects the bones and soft tissues of the body....

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Acoustic Neuroma

Acoustic neuroma refers to a benign tumor that arises from the Schwann cells lining the vestibular nerve. This nerve is responsible for transmitting sound and assisting...

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Acoustic Schwannoma

An acoustic schwannoma is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor that grows from Schwann cells—the cells that wrap and protect the vestibular (balance) part of the eighth cranial...

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Acquired Alpha-thalassaemia in Myeloid Neoplasms

Acquired alpha-thalassaemia in myeloid neoplasms means a person who has a disease of the bone marrow (a blood-forming cancer or pre-cancer) suddenly develops a new problem...

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Bone Marrow Failure – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Bone Marrow Failure (BMF) refers to the decreased production of one or more major hematopoietic lineages which leads to diminished or absent hematopoietic precursors in the...

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Osteochondroma – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Osteochondroma represents the most common bone tumor accounting for 20 to 50% of all benign osseous tumors.[rx][rx] Osteochondromas are surface bone lesions composed of both cortical and...

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Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Cancer (PDQ®)

Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Cancer /Late effects are health problems that occur months or years after treatment has ended. The treatment of cancer may cause health...

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Enchondroma – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Enchondroma are cartilaginous tumors of the benign bone tumor family. The common benign bone tumors include enchondroma, osteochondroma, chondroblastoma, and chondromyxoid fibroma all of which hail...

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Chordoma – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

A chordoma is a low-grade, slow-growing, but locally invasive and locally aggressive tumor. Chordomas belong to the sarcoma family of tumors. They arise from the remnants...

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Adrenal Metastases – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Adrenal Metastases are the most common malignant lesions involving the adrenal gland and the second most common tumor of the adrenal gland after benign adenomas. These...

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Adrenocortical Carcinoma Adult – Symptoms, Treatment

Adrenocortical Carcinoma Adult/Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC) is a rare neoplasm with an incidence of about one case per million population.[rx] They have a bimodal peak; the first...

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Child Adrenocortical Carcinoma – Symptoms, Treatment

Child Adrenocortical Carcinoma/Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC) is a rare neoplasm with an incidence of about one case per million population.[rx] They have a bimodal peak; the first...

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Adrenocortical Carcinoma – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC) is a rare neoplasm with an incidence of about one case per million population.[rx] They have a bimodal peak; the first one is...

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Adrenal Cancer – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Adrenal Cancer is a rare cancer that begins in one or both of the small, triangular glands (adrenal glands) located on top of your kidneys. Adrenal glands produce hormones that give instructions...

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Benign Adrenal Adenomas – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Benign Adrenal Adenomas are benign neoplasms of the adrenal cortex. Adrenal adenomas are the most common cause of incidentally found adrenal tumors known as “adrenal incidentalomas.”...

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Adrenal Adenomas – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Adrenal Adenomas are benign neoplasms of the adrenal cortex. Adrenal adenomas are the most common cause of incidentally found adrenal tumors known as “adrenal incidentalomas.” Adrenal...

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Adrenal Myelolipoma with Acute Hemorrhage

Adrenal Myelolipoma with Acute Hemorrhage means the retroperitoneal hemorrhage is the most common complication occurring in adrenal myelolipoma. Isolated larger lesions (typically over 4 cm in...

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Isolated Adrenal Myelolipoma – Symptoms, Treatment

Isolated Adrenal Myelolipoma occurring in an otherwise normal adrenal gland are the most common pattern of presentation. They are asymptomatic and are incidentally identified during the imaging...

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Adrenal Myelolipoma – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Adrenal myelolipoma is a benign adrenal neoplasm predominantly composed of mature adipose tissue and intermixed myeloid tissue. They comprise 6-16% of adrenal incidentalomas and are the...

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Myelolipomas – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Myelolipomas are uncommon, benign tumors that typically occur in the adrenal glands and consist of mature adipose tissue and benign hematopoietic components. Myelolipomas can occur outside...

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Fibrolipoma – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Fibrolipoma is benign soft tissue tumors which rarely occur in the oral or maxillofacial region [rx–rx], and which have been reported to be more frequent in...

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Angiolipoma – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Angiolipoma is a rare benign neoplasm composed of mature fatty tissue and multiple small abnormal blood vessels. Infiltrating mediastinal angiolipoma is an extremely rare tumor associated...

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Adenolipoma – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Adenolipoma of the skin is a recently discovered benign entity first described in 1993 by Hitchcock. It is a variant of lipoma which consists of an...

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Lipomas – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Lipomas are benign subcutaneous tumors of fat cells (adipocytes) that present as soft, painless nodules that are most commonly seen on the trunk. Lipomas usually range from...