Disease A-Z Library

Rx Cancer (A – Z)

Browse plain-English disease and condition guides, including symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment options, prevention, and when to seek medical care.

1,650 articlesUpdated medical education library

Diseases A-Z

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A WHO Grade III Oligodendroglial Tumor

A WHO grade III oligodendroglial tumor is a fast-growing brain tumor that starts from oligodendrocytes, the cells that make the myelin (insulation) around nerve fibers. In...

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Abdominal Cystic Lymphangioma

Abdominal cystic lymphangioma is a rare, non-cancerous growth made of abnormal lymphatic vessels that form one or more fluid-filled cysts inside the abdomen. The lymphatic system...

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Abducent Nucleus Cancer

Abducent nucleus cancer, also known as sixth cranial nerve nucleus cancer, is a rare condition where abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the abducent nucleus, a part...

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Aberrant Basal Cell Carcinoma

Aberrant Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is a type of skin cancer that typically originates in the basal cells of the skin’s outer layer. In this article,...

Abrikossoff’s Tumor

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Abrikossoff’s Tumor

Abrikossoff’s tumor, also known as granular cell tumor (GCT), is a rare type of soft tissue tumor that can develop in various parts of the body....

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Absolute Monocytopenia

Absolute monocytopenia means the number of monocytes in the blood is abnormally low, specifically below about 0.2 × 10⁹/L (or <200 cells/µL). Monocytes are a critical...

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Absolute Monocytosis

Absolute monocytosis means your blood has more monocytes than the normal upper limit when counted as an absolute number, not just a percentage. Monocytes are a...

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Acinar Cell Carcinoma

Acinar Cell Carcinoma (ACC) is a rare type of cancer that originates in the acinar cells of the pancreas. While it may sound complicated, we’re here...

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Ackerman Tumor

Ackerman tumor, also known as Ackerman syndrome or Ackerman’s tumor, is a rare medical condition that primarily affects the bones and soft tissues of the body....

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Acoustic Neuroma

Acoustic neuroma refers to a benign tumor that arises from the Schwann cells lining the vestibular nerve. This nerve is responsible for transmitting sound and assisting...

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Acoustic Schwannoma

An acoustic schwannoma is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor that grows from Schwann cells—the cells that wrap and protect the vestibular (balance) part of the eighth cranial...

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Acquired Alpha-thalassaemia in Myeloid Neoplasms

Acquired alpha-thalassaemia in myeloid neoplasms means a person who has a disease of the bone marrow (a blood-forming cancer or pre-cancer) suddenly develops a new problem...

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Fibrofolliculomas with Trichodiscomas and Acrochordons

Fibrofolliculomas and trichodiscomas are small, smooth, skin-colored to white bumps that usually show up on the face, neck, behind the ears, and upper trunk. They are...

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Malignant Tumor of the Biliary Tract

A malignant tumor of the biliary tract is a cancer that starts in the thin tubes that carry bile. These tubes are called the bile ducts,...

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Malignant Biliary Tree Neoplasm

A malignant biliary tree neoplasm is a cancer that starts in the tubes that carry bile. These tubes are called the bile ducts. They run inside...

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Biliary Tract Cancers

Biliary tree cancer means cancer that starts in the thin tubes that carry bile from the liver to the small intestine. Doctors group it as intrahepatic...

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Biliary Tract Cancer

Biliary tract cancer is a group of cancers that start in the tubes and organs that carry and store bile. Bile is a yellow-green fluid the...

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Benign Paroxysmal Tonic Upgaze of Childhood with Ataxia

Benign paroxysmal tonic upgaze of childhood with ataxia is a rare, early-life movement and eye-movement condition. “Paroxysmal” means it comes in bursts or spells. “Tonic upgaze”...

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Benign Familial Convulsions

Benign familial convulsions are brief seizures in babies who are otherwise well. “Benign” (now replaced by the term self-limited) means seizures stop by themselves over time....

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Benign Familial Neonatal Seizures (BFNS)

Benign familial neonatal seizures (BFNS) is a rare, inherited epilepsy syndrome that starts in the first days of life, usually between day 2 and day 8...

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Benign Neonatal Seizures

Benign neonatal seizures are seizures that start in the first days of life in otherwise healthy newborns and then stop on their own over the next...

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Benign Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid

Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid is a chronic autoimmune blistering disease that mainly attacks moist linings of the body, called mucous membranes. These include the mouth, eyes,...

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Benign Intracranial Hypertension

Benign intracranial hypertension (Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension, IIH) is a condition where the pressure of the fluid around the brain (cerebrospinal fluid, CSF) is too high without...

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Benign Familial Infantile Convulsions

Benign familial infantile convulsions are seizures that start in otherwise healthy infants in the first year of life, run in families, and tend to stop on...

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Cystosarcoma Phyllode of the Breast

Cystosarcoma phyllode of the breast —now usually called a phyllodes tumor—is a rare breast growth that starts in the connective (stromal) tissue of the breast (not in...

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Fibroepithelial Breast Lump

A fibroepithelial breast lump is a growth in the breast made of two parts: fibrous (support) tissue and gland (milk-duct) tissue. The two main types are...

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Benign Breast Phyllodes Tumor

A benign breast phyllodes tumor is a rare, fast-growing fibroepithelial breast lump made of breast ducts and a leaf-like (phyllodes) overgrowth of supporting tissue. “Benign” means...

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Basal Cell Carcinoma with Follicular Differentiation (BCC-FD)

Basal cell carcinoma with follicular differentiation (BCC-FD) is a special pathologic variant of basal cell carcinoma (the most common skin cancer). In this variant, the cancer...

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Tumor Susceptibility Linked to Germline BAP1 Mutations

Tumor Susceptibility Linked to Germline BAP1 Mutations is an inherited condition. A person is born with a harmful change (mutation) in one copy of the BAP1...

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Tumor Predisposition Syndrome 1

Tumor Predisposition Syndrome 1” refers to a rare, inherited condition caused by harmful (pathogenic) changes in the BAP1 gene. The BAP1 gene normally helps control how...

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Malignant Hyperthermia Syndrome

Malignant Hyperthermia Syndrome is a dangerous reaction of the body’s skeletal muscles to some anesthesia medicines. In people who carry certain inherited changes (variants) in muscle-calcium...

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B-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia (B-PLL)

B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia is a rare, aggressive leukemia that arises from mature B-lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). Under the microscope, the blood and bone...