Pulmonary Arteritis

Last updated: February 8, 2026Reviewed date: February 8, 2026Reading time: 8 min read
Patient Tools

Read, save, and share this guide

Use these quick tools to make this medical article easier to read, print, save, or share with a family member.

Patient Mode

Understand this article easily

Switch between simple English and easy Bangla patient notes. This is for education and does not replace a doctor consultation.

Pulmonary arteritis is a medical condition that involves inflammation of the pulmonary arteries, the blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the lungs. This condition can lead to serious complications if not properly managed. In this comprehensive guide, we will break down the...

For severe symptoms, danger signs, pregnancy, child illness, or sudden worsening, seek urgent medical care.

বাংলা রোগী নোট এখনো যোগ করা হয়নি। পোস্ট এডিটরে “RX Bangla Patient Mode” বক্স থেকে সহজ বাংলা সারাংশ যোগ করুন।

এই তথ্য শিক্ষা ও সচেতনতার জন্য। এটি ডাক্তারি পরীক্ষা, রোগ নির্ণয় বা প্রেসক্রিপশনের বিকল্প নয়।

Article Summary

Pulmonary arteritis is a medical condition that involves inflammation of the pulmonary arteries, the blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the lungs. This condition can lead to serious complications if not properly managed. In this comprehensive guide, we will break down the key aspects of pulmonary arteritis in simple language to help you understand its types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, drugs,...

Key Takeaways

  • This article explains Causes of Pulmonary Arteritis: in simple medical language.
  • This article explains Symptoms of Pulmonary Arteritis: in simple medical language.
  • This article explains Diagnostic Tests for Pulmonary Arteritis: in simple medical language.
  • This article explains Treatments for Pulmonary Arteritis: in simple medical language.
Educational health guideWritten for patient understanding and clinical awareness.
Reviewed content workflowUse writer and reviewer profiles for stronger trust.
Emergency safety firstUrgent warning signs are highlighted below.

Seek urgent medical care if you notice

These warning signs are general safety guidance. Local emergency numbers and clinical judgment should always come first.

  • Severe symptoms, breathing difficulty, fainting, confusion, or rapidly worsening illness.
  • New weakness, severe pain, high fever, or symptoms after a serious injury.
  • Any symptom that feels urgent, unusual, or unsafe for the patient.
1

Emergency now

Use emergency care for severe, sudden, rapidly worsening, or life-threatening symptoms.

2

See a doctor

Book a professional medical evaluation if symptoms persist, worsen, recur often, affect daily activities, or occur in a high-risk patient.

3

Learn safely

Use this article to understand possible causes, tests, treatment options, prevention, and questions to ask your clinician.

Before reading

RX Patient Tools

Use these quick guides before reading the article, or return to them when you need help preparing questions for a doctor.

Start here Choose the right pathway for symptoms, reports, medicines, or urgent warning signs. Disease article roadmap Read this topic step by step: meaning, symptoms, warning signs, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and follow-up. Treatment planner Prepare questions about treatment choices, benefits, risks, side effects, and follow-up. Family & caregiver guide Organize symptoms, reports, medicines, questions, and follow-up safely. Nutrition & diet guide Prepare food, hydration, supplement, and medicine-timing questions safely. Prevention guide Organize risk factors, protective habits, screening, and warning signs. Recovery guide Prepare a safe plan for activity, rehabilitation, warning signs, and follow-up.
Definition

Pulmonary arteritis is a medical condition that involves infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">inflammation of the pulmonary arteries, the blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the lungs. This condition can lead to serious complications if not properly managed. In this comprehensive guide, we will break down the key aspects of pulmonary arteritis in simple language to help you understand its types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, drugs, and surgical options.

Types of Pulmonary Arteritis:

Pulmonary arteritis encompasses various types, with the two most common being:

  1. Giant Cell Arteritis: A form of vasculitis that primarily affects large and medium-sized arteries.
  2. Takayasu’s Arteritis: A rare condition where the large arteries, including the pulmonary arteries, become inflamed.

Causes of Pulmonary Arteritis:

Understanding the potential triggers for pulmonary arteritis is crucial. Common causes include:

  1. Autoimmune Disorders: The body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues.
  2. Infections: Viral or bacterial infections can contribute to infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">inflammation.
  3. Genetic Factors: Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to arteritis.
  4. Environmental Factors: Exposure to certain toxins or pollutants.
  5. Smoking: Tobacco use is a known risk factor for arteritis.
  6. Age: Pulmonary arteritis is more common in older adults.
  7. Hormonal Factors: Hormonal changes may play a role.
  8. Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: Conditions like pain, swelling, stiffness, or reduced movement. সহজ বাংলা: জয়েন্টের প্রদাহ।" data-rx-term="arthritis" data-rx-definition="Arthritis means joint inflammation causing pain, swelling, stiffness, or reduced movement. সহজ বাংলা: জয়েন্টের প্রদাহ।">arthritis: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune joint disease causing infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">inflammation, pain, and swelling. সহজ বাংলা: রোগপ্রতিরোধ ব্যবস্থার ভুল আক্রমণে জয়েন্টের প্রদাহ।" data-rx-term="rheumatoid arthritis" data-rx-definition="Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune joint disease causing inflammation, pain, and swelling. সহজ বাংলা: রোগপ্রতিরোধ ব্যবস্থার ভুল আক্রমণে জয়েন্টের প্রদাহ।">rheumatoid arthritis.
  9. Blood Vessel Damage: Trauma or injury to blood vessels.
  10. Certain Medications: Some drugs may increase the risk.
  11. Chronic Lung Diseases: Such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  12. Previous Infections: A history of certain infections may be linked.
  13. Unknown Triggers: In some cases, the cause remains unclear.
  14. Stress: Chronic stress may contribute to infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">inflammation.
  15. Dietary Factors: Poor diet can impact overall health.
  16. Obesity: Excess weight can tendon. সহজ বাংলা: মাংসপেশি/টেনডনে টান।" data-rx-term="strain" data-rx-definition="A strain is injury to a muscle or tendon. সহজ বাংলা: মাংসপেশি/টেনডনে টান।">strain the cardiovascular system.
  17. Hypertension: High blood pressure is a potential risk factor.
  18. Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol intake can be detrimental.
  19. Lack of Exercise: Physical inactivity may contribute to arteritis.
  20. Other Autoimmune Conditions: Presence of autoimmune disorders increases the risk.

Symptoms of Pulmonary Arteritis:

Recognizing the symptoms early is vital for prompt diagnosis and treatment. Common symptoms include:

  1. Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing is a hallmark symptom.
  2. Chest Pain: Pain or discomfort in the chest may occur.
  3. Fatigue: Persistent tiredness is a common complaint.
  4. Fever: Elevated body temperature may signal inflammation.
  5. Weight Loss: Unexplained weight loss can be a symptom.
  6. Joint Pain: Inflammation may affect joints.
  7. Muscle Aches: Generalized muscle discomfort.
  8. Headaches: Persistent or severe headaches.
  9. Vision Changes: Blurred vision or other eye issues.
  10. Coughing: Chronic cough may be present.
  11. Night Sweats: Excessive sweating during sleep.
  12. Weakness: A general feeling of weakness or malaise.
  13. Nausea and Vomiting: Digestive symptoms may occur.
  14. Dizziness: Feeling lightheaded or dizzy.
  15. Paleness or Bluish Skin: Poor circulation may cause skin changes.
  16. Swollen Lymph Nodes: Enlarged lymph nodes may be palpable.
  17. Abdominal Pain: Discomfort in the abdominal region.
  18. Numbness or Tingling: Neurological symptoms may manifest.
  19. Skin Rashes: Rashes or skin changes.
  20. Difficulty Speaking: Impaired speech in severe cases.

Diagnostic Tests for Pulmonary Arteritis:

Accurate diagnosis involves a combination of clinical assessments and specialized tests. Common diagnostic tests include:

  1. Blood Tests: Detect inflammation markers and autoimmune factors.
  2. Imaging Studies: X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs for visualizing blood vessels.
  3. Angiography: A dye is injected for detailed imaging of blood vessels.
  4. Echocardiogram: Ultrasound imaging of the heart and blood vessels.
  5. Biopsy: Removal of a small tissue sample for examination.
  6. Pulmonary Function Tests: Assess lung function and capacity.
  7. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): Records the heart’s electrical activity.
  8. C-reactive Protein (CRP) Test: Measures inflammation levels.
  9. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) Test: Another marker for inflammation.
  10. Autoantibody Tests: Identifies specific antibodies associated with autoimmune diseases.
  11. Bronchoscopy: Examination of the airways and lungs with a flexible tube.
  12. Doppler Ultrasound: Measures blood flow through blood vessels.
  13. Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA): Specialized MRI for vascular imaging.
  14. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan: Detects areas of inflammation.
  15. Pulse Oximetry: Measures oxygen levels in the blood.
  16. Lung Biopsy: Removal of a small lung tissue sample for examination.
  17. Rheumatoid Factor Test: Detects antibodies associated with autoimmune diseases.
  18. Thyroid Function Tests: Assess thyroid gland activity.
  19. Pulmonary Angiogram: X-ray of the pulmonary arteries.
  20. Vasculitis Biomarker Tests: Identify specific markers for vasculitis.

Treatments for Pulmonary Arteritis:

Managing pulmonary arteritis involves a multidisciplinary approach. Common treatments include:

  1. Corticosteroids: Reduce inflammation and immune response.
  2. Immunosuppressive Drugs: Suppress the immune system to prevent further damage.
  3. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Relieve pain and reduce inflammation.
  4. Antiplatelet Drugs: Prevent blood clot formation.
  5. Anticoagulants: Reduce the risk of blood clots.
  6. Biologic Therapies: Target specific components of the immune system.
  7. Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs): Manage autoimmune conditions.
  8. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors: Manage blood pressure.
  9. Beta-Blockers: Control heart rate and blood pressure.
  10. Calcium Channel Blockers: Relax blood vessels.
  11. Vasodilators: Expand blood vessels to improve blood flow.
  12. Oxygen Therapy: Supplemental oxygen to address breathing difficulties.
  13. Physical Therapy: Improve mobility and joint function.
  14. Lifestyle Modifications: Healthy diet, regular exercise, and stress management.
  15. Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Comprehensive program for lung health.
  16. Pain Management: Address discomfort through medications or therapies.
  17. Nutritional Support: Ensure adequate nutrient intake for overall health.
  18. Smoking Cessation Programs: Support to quit smoking.
  19. Weight Management: Maintain a healthy weight for cardiovascular health.
  20. Regular Monitoring: Ongoing assessments to track disease progression.
  21. Psychological Support: Counseling or therapy for mental health.
  22. Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) Therapy: Boost immune function.
  23. Plasma Exchange (Plasmapheresis): Remove and replace blood components.
  24. Surgery for Complications: Address complications such as aneurysms.
  25. Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTA): Improve blood flow in narrowed vessels.
  26. Stent Placement: Insertion of a mesh tube to keep vessels open.
  27. Heart Valve Repair or Replacement: If the heart valves are affected.
  28. Lung Transplant: In severe cases where lung damage is extensive.
  29. Pain Management Techniques: Physical therapy, acupuncture, or massage.
  30. Alternative Therapies: Complementary approaches like yoga or acupuncture.

Drugs Used in Pulmonary Arteritis Treatment:

Various medications play a role in managing pulmonary arteritis. Common drugs include:

  1. Prednisone: A corticosteroid to reduce inflammation.
  2. Methotrexate: A DMARD that suppresses the immune system.
  3. Cyclophosphamide: An immunosuppressive medication.
  4. Aspirin: An antiplatelet drug to prevent blood clots.
  5. Warfarin: An anticoagulant to reduce the risk of blood clots.
  6. Etanercept: A biologic therapy targeting specific immune factors.
  7. Infliximab: Another biologic option for immune system regulation.
  8. Ibuprofen: An NSAID for pain relief and inflammation.
  9. Colchicine: Used to reduce inflammation in certain conditions.
  10. Hydroxychloroquine: A medication for autoimmune disorders.
  11. Enalapril: An ACE inhibitor to manage blood pressure.
  12. Amlodipine: A calcium channel blocker for vasodilation.
  13. Propranolol: A beta-blocker to control heart rate and blood pressure.
  14. Allopurinol: Used in some cases to manage gout.
  15. Clopidogrel: An antiplatelet drug for blood clot prevention.
  16. Losartan: An angiotensin receptor blocker for blood vessel relaxation.
  17. Rituximab: A biologic therapy targeting specific immune cells.
  18. Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive drug for autoimmune conditions.
  19. Dipyridamole: An antiplatelet medication.
  20. Montelukast: A leukotriene receptor antagonist for lung conditions.

 Surgical Options for Pulmonary Arteritis:

In certain cases, surgical interventions may be necessary to address complications. Surgical options include:

  1. Aneurysm Repair: Surgery to correct weakened and bulging arteries.
  2. Valve Repair or Replacement: Addressing damage to heart valves.
  3. Lung Transplant: For severe cases of lung damage.
  4. Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTA): Widening narrowed blood vessels.
  5. Stent Placement: Insertion of a mesh tube to keep vessels open.
  6. Vascular Bypass Surgery: Redirecting blood flow around blocked arteries.
  7. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization: Invasive procedure for detailed assessment.
  8. Endarterectomy: Removal of the inner lining of a blocked artery.
  9. Thrombectomy: Surgical removal of blood clots.
  10. Plasma Exchange (Plasmapheresis): Removing and replacing blood components.

Understanding pulmonary arteritis is the first step towards effective management. If you suspect any symptoms or have concerns, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and guidance. Early detection and a comprehensive treatment plan can significantly improve outcomes for individuals with pulmonary arteritis.

 

Disclaimer: Each person’s journey is unique, treatment plan, life style, food habit, hormonal condition, immune system, chronic disease condition, previous medical  history is also unique. So always seek the best advice from a qualified medical professional or health care provider before trying any treatments to ensure to find out the best plan for you. This guide is for general information and educational purposes only. If you or someone are suffering from this disease condition bookmark this website or share with someone who might find it useful! Boost your knowledge and stay ahead in your health journey. Thank you for giving your valuable time to read the article.

 

Doctor visit helper

Prepare before seeing a doctor

A simple rural-patient checklist to help you explain symptoms clearly, ask better questions, and avoid unsafe self-treatment.

Safety note: This is not a prescription or diagnosis. For severe symptoms, pregnancy danger signs, children with serious illness, chest pain, breathing difficulty, stroke-like weakness, or major injury, seek urgent care.

Which doctor may help?

Start with a registered doctor or the nearest qualified health center.

What to tell the doctor

  • Write when the problem started and how it changed.
  • Bring old prescriptions, investigation reports, and current medicines.
  • Write allergies, pregnancy status, diabetes, kidney/liver disease, and major past illnesses.
  • Bring one family member if the patient is weak, elderly, confused, or a child.

Questions to ask

  • What is the most likely cause of my symptoms?
  • Which danger signs mean I should go to hospital quickly?
  • Which tests are necessary now, and which can wait?
  • How should I take medicines safely and what side effects should I watch for?
  • When should I come for follow-up?

Tests to discuss

  • Vital signs: temperature, pulse, blood pressure, oxygen saturation
  • Basic physical examination by a clinician
  • CBC, urine test, blood sugar, or imaging only when clinically needed

Avoid these mistakes

  • Do not use antibiotics, steroid tablets/injections, or strong painkillers without proper medical advice.
  • Do not hide pregnancy, kidney disease, ulcer, allergy, or blood thinner use.
  • Do not delay emergency care when danger signs are present.

Medicine safety and first-aid guide

This section is for patient education only. It does not replace a doctor, pharmacist, or emergency care.

Safe first steps

  • Avoid heavy lifting, sudden bending, and prolonged bed rest.
  • Use comfortable posture and gentle movement as tolerated.
  • Discuss physiotherapy, X-ray, or MRI only when clinically needed.

OTC medicine safety

  • For mild back pain, pain-relief medicine may be discussed with a doctor or pharmacist.
  • Avoid repeated painkiller use if you have kidney disease, stomach ulcer, uncontrolled blood pressure, or are taking blood thinners.

Avoid these mistakes

  • Do not start antibiotics without a proper medical decision.
  • Do not use steroid tablets or injections casually for quick relief.
  • Do not delay emergency care because of home remedies.

Get urgent help if

  • Back pain with leg weakness, numbness around private area, loss of urine/stool control, fever, cancer history, or major injury needs urgent care.
Medicine names, dose, and timing must be decided by a qualified clinician or pharmacist after checking age, pregnancy, allergy, other diseases, and current medicines.

For rural patients and family caregivers

Patient health record and symptom diary

Write your symptoms, medicines already taken, test results, and questions before visiting a doctor. This note stays on your device unless you print or copy it.

Doctor to discuss: Medicine doctor / pediatrician for children / qualified clinician
Tests to discuss with doctor
  • Temperature chart and hydration assessment
  • CBC with platelet count if fever persists or dengue/other infection is possible
  • Urine test, malaria/dengue tests, chest evaluation, or blood culture only when clinically indicated
Questions to ask
  • What is the most likely cause of my symptoms?
  • Which warning signs mean I should go to emergency care?
  • Which tests are really needed now?
  • Which medicines are safe for my age, pregnancy status, allergy, kidney/liver/stomach condition, and current medicines?
  • Do I need antibiotics, or is this more likely viral?

Emergency warning signs such as chest pain, severe breathing difficulty, sudden weakness, confusion, severe dehydration, major injury, or loss of bladder/bowel control need urgent medical care. Do not wait for online information.

Safe pathway to proper treatment

Care roadmap for: Pulmonary Arteritis

Use this simple roadmap to understand the next safe steps. It is educational and does not replace examination by a doctor.

Go to emergency care if you notice:
  • Severe or rapidly worsening symptoms
  • Breathing difficulty, chest pain, fainting, confusion, severe weakness, major injury, or severe dehydration
Doctor / service to discuss: Qualified healthcare provider; specialist depends on symptoms and examination.
  1. Step 1

    Check danger signs first

    If danger signs are present, seek emergency care and do not wait for online information.

  2. Step 2

    Record the symptom story

    Write when symptoms started, severity, medicines already taken, allergies, pregnancy status, and test results.

  3. Step 3

    Visit a qualified clinician

    A doctor, nurse, or qualified healthcare provider can examine you and decide which tests or treatment are needed.

  4. Step 4

    Do only useful tests

    Do tests after clinical assessment. Avoid unnecessary tests, random antibiotics, or repeated medicines without diagnosis.

  5. Step 5

    Follow up and return early if worse

    If symptoms worsen, new warning signs appear, or treatment is not helping, return for review quickly.

Rural patient practical tips
  • Take a written symptom diary and all previous prescriptions/test reports.
  • Do not hide medicines already taken, even herbal or over-the-counter medicines.
  • Ask which warning signs mean urgent referral to hospital.

This roadmap is for education. A real diagnosis and treatment plan requires history, examination, and clinical judgment.

RX Patient Help

Ask a health question safely

Write your symptom story. A health professional or site editor can review it before any answer is prepared. This box is not for emergency care.

Emergency first: Severe chest pain, breathing trouble, unconsciousness, stroke signs, severe injury, heavy bleeding, or rapidly worsening symptoms need urgent local medical care now.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is this article a replacement for a doctor?

No. It is educational content only. Patients should consult a qualified clinician for diagnosis and treatment.

When should I seek urgent care?

Seek urgent care for severe symptoms, rapidly worsening condition, breathing difficulty, severe pain, neurological changes, or any emergency warning sign.

References

Add references, clinical guidelines, textbooks, journal articles, or trusted medical sources here. You can edit this area from the RX Article Professional Blocks panel.

More from this topic
  1. Congenital Respiratory-Biliary Fistula

    DefinitionCongenital? respiratory-biliary fistula, also called congenital? tracheobiliary fistula or congenital bronchobiliary fistula, is a very rare birth defect. In this condition, an abnormal tube connects part...

    March 29, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  2. Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Complete AVSD)

    DefinitionComplete atrioventricular septal defect (complete AVSD) is a serious heart problem that a baby is born with. [1] In this problem, there is a big hole...

    February 28, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  3. Atrioventricular Canal–Type Ventricular Septal Defect

    DefinitionAtrioventricular canal–type ventricular septal defect is a special kind of hole in the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles) that sits...

    February 28, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  4. Coccidioidomycosis

    DefinitionCoccidioidomycosis is a lung infection? caused by a fungus called Coccidioides. This fungus lives in dry, dusty soil. When the soil is disturbed, tiny fungal? spores...

    February 1, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  5. Cutaneomeningospinal Angiomatosis

    DefinitionCutaneomeningospinal angiomatosis is another name for Cobb syndrome. It is a very rare condition where a person has abnormal blood vessels (angiomas or arteriovenous malformations) in...

    February 1, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  6. Coats Plus Syndrome

    DefinitionCoats plus syndrome is a very rare, inherited, multi-system disease where tiny blood vessels (especially in the retina of the eye and the brain) are abnormal...

    February 1, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  7. Narrowing of the Aorta

    DefinitionNarrowing of the aorta usually means a condition called coarctation of the aorta. In this problem, a short part of the main body artery (the aorta)...

    February 1, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  8. Coarctation of the Aorta

    DefinitionCoarctation of the aorta is a birth heart problem where a short part of the main body artery (the aorta) is too narrow, like a tight...

    February 1, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  9. Capillary Malformation of the Lower Lip

    DefinitionCapillary malformation of the lower lip is a birthmark made from many tiny blood vessels (capillaries) just under the skin of the lower lip. Doctors often...

    January 27, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  10. Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH)

    DefinitionChronic? thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension? (CTEPH) is a long-term form of high blood pressure in the lung arteries that develops when old blood clots do not fully...

    January 26, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)