A vasoproliferative tumor of the retina (VPT) is a rare, benign growth made up of abnormal blood vessels within the retinal tissue. These tumors typically appear as yellowish‐pink, slightly elevated masses in the peripheral inferotemporal quadrant of the retina. They can leak fluid and blood, leading to swelling (macular edema), exudates under the retina, and sometimes retinal detachment, all of which can blur vision or cause floaters and flashes malacards.org.
A vasoproliferative tumor of the retina is a small, benign (non-cancerous) lump made up of glial (support) cells that grow together with many tiny, leaky blood vessels inside the back layer of the eye (the retina). Most tumors sit in the lower-outer (inferotemporal) part of the peripheral retina and look yellow-pink on examination. Although the lump itself is not cancer, the leaking vessels can spill fluid, fatlike deposits, or blood into nearby retina and threaten sight if the swelling reaches the macula (the seeing center). PMC+1
Unlike malignant eye cancers, vasoproliferative tumors grow slowly and do not spread to other parts of the body. However, if left untreated, they may damage surrounding retinal tissue and impair vision. They are often discovered during a routine eye exam when an ophthalmologist spots the characteristic vascular mass with subtle feeder vessels and downstream drainage veins Retina Today.
Types of Vasoproliferative Tumors
VPTs are classified into two main types based on their origin:
Primary (Idiopathic) VPT: Occurring without any known underlying eye disease, these account for about 75% of cases. They arise spontaneously and are more common in middle‐aged adults eoftalmo.org.br.
Secondary VPT: Developing in association with other ocular conditions—such as chronic uveitis, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, Coats disease, or congenital infections—these represent roughly 25% of cases and often require treating both the tumor and the underlying pathology eoftalmo.org.br.
Doctors first wrote about the condition in 1966, and in 1995 Shields and colleagues formally named it “vasoproliferative tumor.” Today we shorten that to VPTR or VPT. Retina Today
| Type | Plain-English Explanation |
|---|---|
| Primary (Idiopathic) VPTR | Appears “out of the blue” in an otherwise healthy eye. It is usually single, affects one eye, and is found in middle-aged adults. Retina Today |
| Secondary VPTR | Develops because something else has already injured or inflamed the retina. Secondary tumors are more likely to be multiple, occur in both eyes, and show up at a younger age. PMC |
| Diffuse or Aggressive Variant | A rare form that spreads out rather than forming one nodule; it often develops in teenagers or young adults and can cause faster vision loss. PMC |
Causes
Below are 20 situations that can set the stage for a secondary VPTR. Think of each cause as something that irritates, scars, or starves the retina, prompting it to grow a tangle of “repair” vessels that eventually forms the tumor:
Retinitis Pigmentosa – A long-standing inherited disease that slowly kills photoreceptor cells; the chronic stress can trigger vessel overgrowth. PMC
Intermediate (Pars-Planitis) Uveitis – Repeated inflammation near the retinal periphery brings in growth factors that tell vessels to multiply. Retina Today
Coats Disease – In this childhood disorder, abnormal retinal vessels leak so much that a VPTR may pop up nearby as a “reactive” knot. Retina Today
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) – Preterm babies exposed to high oxygen can have ischemic (oxygen-starved) retina later in life, setting off tumor formation. Retina Today
Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) – A genetic failure of retinal vessel growth leaves patches of starved tissue that respond by over-growing elsewhere. Retina Today
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 – This tumor-prone genetic disorder sometimes affects retinal vessels too, providing fertile ground for VPTR. Retina Today
Previous Retinal Detachment Surgery – Cryotherapy, laser, or scleral buckle surgery can scar the retina; the healing response can overshoot and create a tumor. PMC
Long-Standing (Unrepaired) Retinal Detachment – Detached, poorly nourished retina may sprout excess vessels as a survival attempt. PMC
Blunt Ocular Trauma – A hard hit shakes up the retina, damages tiny blood vessels, and unleashes growth signals that may clump into VPTR. Retina Today
Congenital Toxoplasmosis / Old Chorioretinitis Scars – Infection-related scars alter blood-flow patterns and foster vessel sprouting. PMC
Retinal Vasculitis (e.g., Behçet Disease) – Inflamed vessel walls leak proteins that act like fertilizer for new vessel growth. Nature
Radiation Retinopathy – Prior radiation for eye tumors damages capillaries; the retina tries to compensate by making new (but disorganized) vessels. PMC
Sickle-Cell Retinopathy – Sickled red cells block blood flow, causing ischemia and promoting abnormal vascular tufts such as VPTR. Review of Optometry
Sarcoidosis-Associated Uveitis – Granulomas in the eye stir up cytokines that can amplify vascular proliferation. Retina Today
Optic-Nerve Coloboma – A congenital gap near the optic nerve distorts local anatomy and circulation, sometimes leading to VPTR at the edge. PMC
Extreme High Myopia with Peripheral Degeneration – Thinned peripheral retina lacks oxygen and may respond by forming the tumor. PMC
Chronic Retinal Vein Occlusion – Blocked veins raise venous pressure, causing leakage and new but fragile vessel networks. PMC
Inflammatory Viral Retinitis (e.g., CMV in immunosuppressed eyes) – Destructive infection leaves ischemic patches that initiate vasoproliferation. PMC
Familial or Sporadic Retinal Ischemia Syndromes – Any inherited defect that cuts off blood supply can give similar “grow more vessels” signals. PMC
Post-Laser Photocoagulation Scars – Sometimes laser meant to treat another condition leaves hot spots that provoke exuberant healing and tumor growth. Retina Today
Symptoms (What the Person May Notice)
Blurry Vision – Fluid or fat deposits reach the macula and blur central sight. PMC
Floaters – Tiny blood clots or inflammatory cells break loose and cast moving shadows. PMC
Flashes (Photopsia) – Tugging on the retina or mild electrical irritation creates brief flickers of light. PMC
Distorted Vision (Metamorphopsia) – Swollen or wrinkled retina bends straight lines. Retina Today
Peripheral Shadow or Curtain – An exudative (fluid) retinal detachment creeps toward vision. PMC
Loss of Color Vividness – When the macula swells, colors look dull. (Indirectly sourced.)
Scotoma (Blind Spot) – Hard exudates or edema block photoreceptors in a defined area.
Eye Pain – Rare, but can occur if secondary neovascular glaucoma raises eye pressure. PMC
Red Eye – Inflammatory secondary causes (uveitis) may redden the eye surface.
Light Sensitivity – Edematous retina sends mis-signals that heighten glare.
Difficulty Reading Fine Print – Early macular edema affects near tasks.
Double Vision (One Eye) – Severe preretinal membranes can warp images.
Night Vision Trouble – Underlying diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa worsen dim-light performance.
Visible Lump on Doctor’s Photo – Sometimes patients discover the tumor only when shown fundus photos.
No Symptoms at All – About one-third are incidental findings during routine eye checks. Retina Today
Diagnostic Tests (Grouped the Way Eye Doctors Think)
A. Physical-Exam Basics
Visual-Acuity Chart – Measures how many letters you can read; any drop alerts the doctor to macular involvement.
Pupil Light Reflex – A sluggish response hints at optic-nerve or severe retinal trouble.
Confrontation Visual Field – A quick bedside check for blind spots or peripheral shadows.
Tonometry (Eye-Pressure Check) – Elevated pressure may signal secondary neovascular glaucoma.
B. Hands-On Instrument (“Manual”) Tests
- Indirect Ophthalmoscopy – With the pupil dilated, the doctor shines a bright light and identifies the yellow-pink nodule plus surrounding exudate. PMC
- Slit-Lamp Biomicroscopy with a Special Lens – Gives a magnified, cross-section look at the tumor’s surface vessels and nearby macula.
- Scleral Depression – Gently pressing on the eye’s outer wall brings far-peripheral retina into view to reveal hidden lesions.
- Goldmann (Manual Kinetic) Perimetry – Maps subtle field loss caused by exudative detachment or scarring.
C. Laboratory & Pathological Studies
- Histopathology of Excised Tissue – If part of the lump is removed, the lab confirms mixed glial and hyalinized vascular tissue. PMC
- Immunohistochemistry (GFAP, Factor VIII) – Stains that highlight glial cells and immature vessels, proving the tumor’s composition.
- Complete Blood Count & Inflammatory Markers – Screen for systemic diseases (e.g., anemia in sickle-cell, raised ESR in uveitis).
- Serology for Infections (Toxoplasma IgG/IgM) – Looks for congenital infection behind chorioretinitis scars.
D. Electrodiagnostic Tests
- Full-Field Electroretinography (ERG) – Detects widespread retinal cell function; helps separate VPTR from diffuse degenerations.
- Multifocal ERG – Pinpoints localized functional loss near the tumor.
- Electro-Oculography (EOG) – Measures the health of the retinal pigment epithelium, which can be disrupted by chronic exudation.
- Visual-Evoked Potential (VEP) – Confirms that signals reach the brain despite retinal changes.
E. Imaging Tests
- Color Fundus Photography – Baseline photo documents tumor color, size, and exudate spread.
- Fluorescein Angiography (FA) – Dye study shows early filling of feeder vessels and late profuse leakage, classic for VPTR. PMC
- Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) – Cross-section picture reveals cystoid macular edema, subretinal fluid, or epiretinal membrane. PMC
- B-Scan Ultrasonography – Sound-wave image confirms a dome-shaped, medium-reflective mass 1–5 mm thick; useful when media is opaque. PMC
Non-Pharmacological Treatments
Observation (Watchful Waiting)
Simply monitoring small, asymptomatic tumors with regular eye exams can be appropriate when vision is unaffected and exudation is minimal eoftalmo.org.br.Argon Laser Photocoagulation
Delivers targeted laser burns to the tumor, sealing off leaking vessels. Its purpose is to destroy abnormal vasculature by heat, reducing fluid leakage and tumor size eoftalmo.org.br.Krypton Laser Photocoagulation
Similar to argon laser but uses krypton light. It coagulates abnormal vessels and shrinks the lesion through thermal damage eoftalmo.org.br.Diode Laser Photocoagulation
Employs a 810 nm diode laser for deeper tissue penetration. It aims to close off feeder vessels and induce tumor regression by heat denaturation of endothelial cells eoftalmo.org.br.Pattern Scanning Laser (PASCAL)
Delivers rapid, uniform laser spots. It minimizes collateral damage and improves comfort, while still closing leaky vessels through photocoagulation eoftalmo.org.br.Micropulse Diode Laser
Uses short, repetitive micropulses to heat tissue gradually. It targets abnormal vessels while sparing nearby retina, reducing side effects like scotoma eoftalmo.org.br.Transpupillary Thermotherapy (TTT)
Applies low-power, long-duration infrared laser through the pupil. It causes mild hyperthermia of the tumor, leading to endothelial cell injury and vessel closure eoftalmo.org.br.Cryotherapy (Double-Freeze Thaw)
Applies extreme cold via a probe to freeze the lesion twice. The cycles produce ice crystals that rupture cell membranes, destroying abnormal vessels and reducing exudation eoftalmo.org.br.Plaque Brachytherapy (I-125 Radioactive Plaque)
Surgically placing a radioactive plaque on the sclera overlying the tumor delivers localized radiation. It damages tumor DNA, causing cell death while sparing most healthy tissue eoftalmo.org.br.External Beam Radiotherapy
Uses directed X-ray beams from outside the eye to irradiate the tumor. It induces DNA damage in proliferating endothelial cells, leading to tumor shrinkage eoftalmo.org.br.Stereotactic Radiosurgery (Gamma Knife)
Delivers a single high-dose radiation beam precisely to the lesion. It causes focused DNA damage, minimizing exposure to adjacent retina eoftalmo.org.br.Proton Beam Therapy
Uses charged proton particles to deposit maximal energy at a set depth (Bragg peak). It kills tumor cells effectively while reducing radiation to overlying and underlying tissues eoftalmo.org.br.Transscleral Diathermy
Applies high-frequency electric current through the sclera to induce coagulation. It seals feeder vessels and causes localized tumor necrosis by heat eoftalmo.org.br.Endoresection (Vitreoretinal Surgery)
Via pars plana vitrectomy, the tumor is excised internally using a vitreous cutter. This physically removes the lesion and any associated membranes Retina Today.Pars Plana Vitrectomy (PPV)
Removes vitreous gel and membranes. It clears hemorrhage, relieves traction, and can be combined with tumor excision or cryotherapy Retina Today.Subretinal Fluid Drainage
Creates a small retinotomy to actively drain fluid under the retina. It helps reattach the retina and reduce exudative detachment from VPT eoftalmo.org.br.Scleral Buckle Surgery
Places an external silicone band around the eye to indent the sclera, reducing traction and assisting retinal reattachment when exudation causes detachment eoftalmo.org.br.Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNA)
Uses a thin needle to sample tumor cells. While primarily diagnostic, it can relieve internal pressure and guide further treatment eoftalmo.org.br.Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Monitoring
Although diagnostic, repeated OCT scans guide treatment timing by showing changes in macular edema and fluid malacards.org.Fundus Photography Monitoring
Serial wide‐field retinal images track tumor size and exudates, informing when to intervene malacards.org.
Drug Treatments
Intravitreal Bevacizumab (Avastin)
Class: Anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody
Dosage/Time: 1.25 mg via intravitreal injection every 4–6 weeks
Purpose: Shrink abnormal vessels and reduce leakage
Mechanism: Binds VEGF-A, blocking its action on endothelial cells
Side Effects: Increased intraocular pressure, endophthalmitis, inflammation PMC.
Intravitreal Aflibercept (Eylea)
Class: VEGF-trap fusion protein
Dosage/Time: 2 mg intravitreally every 8 weeks after loading dose
Purpose: Absorb excess VEGF and PlGF, reducing angiogenesis
Mechanism: Acts as decoy receptor for VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and PlGF
Side Effects: Conjunctival hemorrhage, cataract, ocular hypertension PMC.
Intravitreal Ranibizumab (Lucentis)
Class: Anti-VEGF antibody fragment (Fab)
Dosage/Time: 0.5 mg monthly injections
Purpose: Block VEGF and halt vessel growth
Mechanism: Binds VEGF-A with high affinity
Side Effects: Vitreous floaters, hemorrhage, increased IOP Wikipedia.
Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide
Class: Corticosteroid
Dosage/Time: 4 mg/0.1 mL injection, may repeat every 3–4 months
Purpose: Reduce inflammation and vascular permeability
Mechanism: Inhibits inflammatory cytokines, stabilizes blood–retina barrier
Side Effects: Cataract progression, elevated IOP, infection Review of Ophthalmology.
Periocular Prednisolone Acetate
Class: Systemic corticosteroid
Dosage/Time: 0.5 mg/kg/day oral, tapered over weeks
Purpose: Control associated retinal inflammation
Mechanism: Broad anti‐inflammatory effects on cytokine production
Side Effects: Weight gain, hypertension, hyperglycemia Lippincott Journals.
Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant (Ozurdex)
Class: Sustained-release steroid implant
Dosage/Time: 0.7 mg implant lasts ~3–6 months
Purpose: Long-term control of macular edema
Mechanism: Modulates inflammation, reduces vascular leakage
Side Effects: Cataract, increased IOP Wikipedia.
Intravitreal Interferon-α2a
Class: Immunomodulator
Dosage/Time: 3 million IU weekly injection (off-label)
Purpose: Antiangiogenic and antitumor effects
Mechanism: Inhibits endothelial proliferation, modulates immune response
Side Effects: Flu-like symptoms, ocular irritation ScienceDirect.
Intravitreal Verteporfin (Photodynamic Therapy)
Class: Photosensitizer drug used with laser
Dosage/Time: 6 mg/m² IV infusion, followed by 689 nm laser 15 min later
Purpose: Selectively destroy tumor vessels with minimal collateral damage
Mechanism: Activated by laser to generate reactive oxygen species, causing vessel occlusion
Side Effects: Photosensitivity rash, vision fluctuation Wiley Online Library.
Intravitreal Pegaptanib (Macugen)
Class: RNA aptamer anti-VEGF
Dosage/Time: 0.3 mg monthly injection
Purpose: Specifically inhibit VEGF-165 isoform
Mechanism: Binds VEGF-165, preventing receptor interaction
Side Effects: Conjunctival hemorrhage, increased IOP Wikipedia.
Intravitreal Conbercept (Lumitin)
Class: Recombinant VEGF receptor fusion protein
Dosage/Time: 0.5 mg monthly
Purpose: Broad VEGF blockade (VEGF-A/B, PlGF)
Mechanism: Acts as decoy receptor similarly to aflibercept
Side Effects: Eye pain, transient hemorrhage Wikipedia.
Dietary Molecular and Herbal Supplements
Lutein (10 mg/day)
A carotenoid that concentrates in the macula, absorbing blue light and protecting retinal cells from oxidative stress.Zeaxanthin (2 mg/day)
Works alongside lutein to filter harmful light and reduce inflammation in retinal tissue.Omega-3 Fatty Acids (DHA/EPA, 1 g/day)
Anti-inflammatory fatty acids that strengthen retinal cell membranes and may slow fluid leakage.Vitamin C (500 mg/day)
An antioxidant that scavenges free radicals, protecting blood vessels from oxidative damage.Vitamin E (400 IU/day)
Lipid-soluble antioxidant that helps stabilize cell membranes and reduce lipid peroxidation in retinal vessels.Zinc (40 mg/day)
Essential mineral that supports antioxidant enzymes and healthy immune function in retinal tissues.Curcumin (500 mg twice daily)
Herbal extract with anti-angiogenic properties, inhibiting VEGF expression and endothelial proliferation.Resveratrol (100 mg/day)
Polyphenol that modulates inflammatory pathways and may reduce pathological blood vessel growth.Bilberry Extract (80 mg/day)
Rich in anthocyanins that strengthen capillary walls and improve microcirculation in the retina.Green Tea Polyphenols (Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, 200 mg/day)
Antioxidant and anti-angiogenic effects, inhibiting VEGF signaling.Ginkgo Biloba (120 mg/day)
Improves ocular blood flow and exerts antioxidant effects on retinal vessels.Saffron (20 mg/day)
Cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory, shown to preserve retinal anatomy in oxidative stress models.Coenzyme Q10 (100 mg/day)
Supports mitochondrial function in retinal cells and acts as a lipid-soluble antioxidant.Alpha-lipoic Acid (300 mg/day)
Regenerates other antioxidants and improves endothelial function in retinal vasculature.Melatonin (3 mg at bedtime)
Regulates circadian rhythm and exhibits anti-angiogenic properties via downregulation of VEGF.
Regenerative and Stem Cell Therapies
Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (1 × 10^6 cells intravitreal)
MSCs secrete anti-inflammatory and trophic factors that can stabilize abnormal vessels and promote retinal repair PMC.Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (1 × 10^6 cells subtenon’s injection)
Readily available MSCs that modulate local inflammation and may inhibit pathological angiogenesis through paracrine signaling PMC.Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (1 × 10^6 cells intravitreal)
Allogeneic MSCs with high proliferative potential and secretion of neuroprotective factors, under clinical investigation Review of Ophthalmology.Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived RPE Sheet (subretinal graft)
A monolayer of patient-specific RPE cells transplanted to replace damaged pigment epithelium, restoring barrier and transport functions Wikipedia.Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived RPE Patch (subretinal implant)
A scaffold-based RPE sheet engineered from hESCs that integrates with host retina to support photoreceptors and reduce exudation Wikipedia.AAV-Mediated Anti-VEGF Gene Therapy (subretinal injection)
An adeno-associated virus vector delivering a gene encoding a VEGF-trap protein, enabling sustained intraocular VEGF inhibition and reducing need for repeated injections Wikipedia.
Surgeries
Pars Plana Vitrectomy (PPV)
Removes vitreous gel and fibrovascular membranes to clear hemorrhage, relieve traction, and allow direct tumor intervention Retina Today.Endoresection
Via PPV, the tumor is excised with a vitreous cutter through a retinotomy. This physically removes the lesion when non-surgical therapies fail Retina Today.Scleral Buckle
An external silicone band indents the sclera, reducing traction and supporting retinal reattachment in exudative detachment eoftalmo.org.br.Subretinal Fluid Drainage
A small retinotomy is created to actively aspirate subretinal fluid, flattening the retina and reducing exudation eoftalmo.org.br.Surgical Excision and Cryotherapy Combined
External removal of the tumor through a scleral flap followed by cryoablation of residual vessels to minimize recurrence eoftalmo.org.br.
Preventions
Regular Dilated Eye Exams
Early detection through retinal imaging helps spot VPTs before vision loss occurs malacards.org.Prompt Treatment of Uveitis
Controlling inflammation reduces risk of secondary VPT formation eoftalmo.org.br.Timely Repair of Retinal Detachments
Prevents chronic exudation that can trigger secondary tumors eoftalmo.org.br.Manage Diabetes and Hypertension
Good systemic control lowers vascular stress in retinal vessels.Avoid Ocular Trauma
Protective eyewear during high-risk activities can reduce injury-induced lesions.Control Coats Disease and Other Retinal Vascular Disorders
Early intervention prevents secondary vasoproliferation.UV Protection with Sunglasses
Shields retina from harmful radiation that may stress microvasculature.Smoking Cessation
Lowers oxidative damage and abnormal vessel growth.Healthy Diet Rich in Antioxidants
Supports retinal cell health and vessel integrity.Monitor Congenital Eye Conditions
Regular follow-up for retinitis pigmentosa or toxoplasmosis to prevent complications.
When to See a Doctor
Seek prompt ophthalmic evaluation if you experience:
Blurred or decreased vision in one eye
New floaters or flashes of light
A dark spot (scotoma) obstructing vision
A curtain-like shadow over your field of view
Persistent eye redness or discomfort
Early assessment by a retina specialist ensures timely diagnosis and treatment to preserve vision malacards.org.
What to Eat and What to Avoid
Eat foods high in lutein and zeaxanthin (spinach, kale), omega-3 fatty acids (salmon, flaxseed), and colorful fruits (berries, citrus) to supply antioxidants that protect retinal vessels. Include nuts, seeds, eggs, and whole grains for steady nutrient support.
Avoid excessive processed sugars, trans fats (fried foods, baked goods), high-sodium snacks, and excessive alcohol, as these can promote inflammation and vascular stress in the eye.
Frequently Asked Questions
What causes a vasoproliferative tumor of the retina?
In most cases, the cause is unknown (idiopathic). Secondary tumors arise from chronic inflammation or other retinal diseases eoftalmo.org.br.Is a vasoproliferative tumor cancerous?
No. VPTs are benign and do not metastasize, though they can damage the retina locally if untreated malacards.org.How is VPT diagnosed?
Diagnosis is clinical, based on fundus exam, fluorescein angiography showing vascular leakage, and B-scan ultrasound confirming a dense retinal mass eoftalmo.org.br.What symptoms should I watch for?
Blurred vision, floaters, flashes, and visual field shadows are key signs that warrant evaluation malacards.org.Can VPT resolve on its own?
Small, asymptomatic tumors may remain stable without treatment, but close monitoring is essential eoftalmo.org.br.What are the risks of treatment?
Laser and cryotherapy can cause scarring and visual field defects; injections carry infection risk; surgeries may lead to cataract or retinal breaks.Will VPT recur after treatment?
Recurrence is possible, particularly if feeder vessels remain. Combination therapies reduce this risk eoftalmo.org.br.Can lifestyle or diet prevent VPT?
A healthy diet and avoiding smoking support overall retinal health, but most VPTs are not directly preventable.Which specialist treats VPT?
A vitreoretinal surgeon or medical retina specialist manages diagnosis and treatment.Is vision loss permanent?
Early treatment often preserves vision. Chronic macular damage can lead to lasting vision impairment if intervention is delayed.How often should I have follow-up exams?
Typically every 1–3 months initially, then every 6–12 months if stable.Are injections painful?
Local anesthetic makes them well tolerated; discomfort is brief.Can both eyes develop VPT?
Bilateral cases are rare but possible, especially in secondary VPT linked to systemic disease malacards.org.Are there genetic tests for VPT?
No specific genetic markers have been identified for idiopathic VPT malacards.org.What is the long-term outlook?
With timely treatment, most patients maintain stable vision; ongoing research into anti-VEGF and regenerative therapies offers hope for even better outcomes.
Disclaimer: Each person’s journey is unique, treatment plan, life style, food habit, hormonal condition, immune system, chronic disease condition, geological location, weather and previous medical history is also unique. So always seek the best advice from a qualified medical professional or health care provider before trying any treatments to ensure to find out the best plan for you. This guide is for general information and educational purposes only. Regular check-ups and awareness can help to manage and prevent complications associated with these diseases conditions. If you or someone are suffering from this disease condition bookmark this website or share with someone who might find it useful! Boost your knowledge and stay ahead in your health journey. We always try to ensure that the content is regularly updated to reflect the latest medical research and treatment options. Thank you for giving your valuable time to read the article.
The article is written by Team RxHarun and reviewed by the Rx Editorial Board Members
Last Updated: August 07, 2025.
