Milkweed corneal toxicity is an eye injury caused when the milky sap (latex) from certain “milkweed” plants gets into the eye. The sap contains natural chemicals (cardiac glycosides, also called cardenolides) that can temporarily poison the clear inner layer of the cornea (the corneal endothelium). This layer normally pumps water out to keep the cornea clear. When the pump is blocked, water builds up, the cornea swells, and vision turns cloudy. Doctors often see redness, light sensitivity, tearing, and a swollen, hazy cornea with folds in the inner membrane (Descemet folds). Intra-ocular pressure is usually normal. EyeWikiPMC
Milkweed plants (genus Asclepias) have a milky white sap (latex). If this sap gets into the eye, it can poison the clear front window of the eye (the cornea). The toxins—cardiac glycosides called cardenolides—temporarily “switch off” the tiny pumps (Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase) in the cornea that keep it clear and dehydrated. When those pumps slow down, the cornea soaks up water, turns hazy and swollen, and vision suddenly goes blurry. With the right first aid and treatment, most people recover within days to a couple of weeks. American Academy of OphthalmologyEyeWikiPMC
What doctors see and why it happens: Typical findings are a red, painful, light-sensitive eye with corneal edema (swelling), Descemet folds (wrinkles inside the cornea), and sometimes tiny surface scratches. Intraocular pressure is usually normal. The trigger is contact with the sap of Asclepias species (e.g., A. curassavica, A. tuberosa, A. fruticosa). Those cardenolides penetrate even an intact corneal surface and inhibit Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase in corneal endothelial cells, causing fluid buildup and blur. EyeWikiAmerican Academy of OphthalmologyPMC
A closely related scenario happens with the latex of Calotropis procera (giant milkweed, “ushaar,” sodom apple). Its sap can also reach the cornea and trigger painful keratoconjunctivitis or a mainly endothelial injury with corneal edema. The injury can look alarming but usually improves with prompt irrigation and short-term anti-inflammatory treatment. PMC+1
Pathophysiology
Many milkweeds (genus Asclepias) and “giant milkweed” (Calotropis procera, in the same broader plant family) contain cardenolides. These compounds inhibit the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase pump in the corneal endothelium—the exact pump that keeps the cornea dehydrated and transparent. When the pump slows down, fluid leaks in, the cornea swells, and vision blurs. This is the same basic mechanism by which digoxin (a heart drug) can cause corneal edema at toxic levels. PMCThe Open Ophthalmology JournalScienceDirect
It helps to remember: no pump → more water → cloudy cornea.
Other plant saps (especially many Euphorbia species) are also very irritating but tend to add strong epithelial toxicity and inflammation (keratouveitis). Doctors include them in the same “plant-sap keratopathy” family when they take a history. JAMA NetworkNature
Types
Endothelial-predominant milkweed keratopathy
Typical with Asclepias species. Main problem: endothelial pump inhibition → corneal edema, Descemet folds, marked blur, often little or no epithelial defect and a surprisingly painless onset in some reports. The Open Ophthalmology JournalLatex-induced keratoconjunctivitis from giant milkweed (Calotropis procera)
Can show both surface irritation and endothelial dysfunction. Patients report foreign-body sensation, redness, watering, and then hazy vision from stromal edema. Specular microscopy can show temporary endothelial changes. PMCScienceDirectPlant-sap keratopathy mimics (especially Euphorbia spp.)
Clinically related and important in the differential. These usually cause severe surface damage (large epithelial defects) and intraocular inflammation (keratouveitis). History of garden/hedge work and milky sap exposure is the clue. JAMA NetworkLippincott Journals
Causes
Below are exposure situations and risk factors that bring milkweed latex to the eye. Each “cause” is written simply as the trigger that leads to the corneal toxicity described above.
Rubbing your eyes after handling milkweed stems/leaves (sap on fingers → eye). EyeWiki
Leaf or stem snapping during gardening, sending droplets of latex into the eye. American Academy of Ophthalmology
Trimming or cutting plants like Asclepias or Calotropis without eye protection. PMC
Making floral decorations/garlands/wreaths that use giant milkweed flowers (common in South Asia). PMC
Festival or religious use of Calotropis flowers, then rubbing the eyes (documented seasonal clusters). PMC
Children playing with the plant and bursting the stems or pods, then touching their eyes. EyeWiki
Wind-blown sap or splashes when breaking the plant outdoors. American Academy of Ophthalmology
Using plant latex as a folk remedy near the eyelids/face (misguided home treatment). PMC
Contaminated contact lenses or cases after handling plants without washing hands (transfer to eye on insertion). EyeWiki
Accidental twig whip to the eye with fresh sap on the tip. ScienceDirect
Crushing caterpillars that fed on milkweed and then touching eyes (indirect sap/cardio-glycoside transfer). American Academy of Ophthalmology
Burning plant debris and rubbing irritated eyes with sap-contaminated hands. EyeWiki
Applying plant sap for skin warts on hands, then touching contact lenses/eyes. JAMA Network
Working as a gardener/florist/landscaper (occupational exposure). JAMA Network
Pruning hedges containing sap-rich species mistaken for “cactus” (Euphorbia), then eye contact—important to differentiate. ScienceDirect
Handling seed pods that ooze sap when opened. The Open Ophthalmology Journal
Pressing plant material in crafts/schools and touching eyes afterward. EyeWiki
Using plant parts in traditional ceremonies, then sharing towels/cloths that spread sap. PMC
Using leaf juice for hair/scalp and then accidental eye touch. JAMA Network
Poor hand hygiene after any of the above, which is the final step that moves sap to the eye. PMC
Symptoms
Each symptom below is explained in plain terms.
Blurred vision – the cornea swells and scatters light, so things look foggy or “like looking through ground glass.” EyeWiki
Sudden or subacute cloudy vision – often hours after exposure as the endothelial pump is blocked. The Open Ophthalmology Journal
Red eye – irritation of the eye surface and conjunctiva. EyeWiki
Tearing/watery eye – reflex tearing from irritation. PMC
Light sensitivity (photophobia) – swollen or abraded cornea is very light-sensitive. PMC
Foreign-body sensation – feels like sand in the eye, especially if there is an epithelial defect. Lippincott Journals
Mild to moderate pain – variable; endothelial-predominant toxicity can even be surprisingly painless in some reports, while epithelial injury (or Euphorbia) is painful. The Open Ophthalmology JournalLippincott Journals
Eye swelling (chemosis) – the white part looks puffy from inflammation. PMC
Headache around the eye – from strain and photophobia. PMC
Halos around lights – corneal edema scatters light at night. EyeWiki
Decreased contrast/washed-out vision – edema lowers clarity. EyeWiki
Difficulty keeping the eye open – due to light sensitivity and tearing. Lippincott Journals
Eyelid spasms (blepharospasm) – reflex squeezing shut. PMC
Possible mild anterior chamber inflammation – more common with Calotropis or Euphorbia exposure. PMCJAMA Network
Usually normal eye pressure – unlike many other causes of corneal edema (e.g., acute angle closure), IOP is typically normal in classic milkweed toxicity. EyeWiki
Diagnostic tests
Doctors mostly diagnose milkweed corneal toxicity from the story and the exam. Tests help confirm the pattern, track recovery, and rule out infections like herpes, bacterial keratitis, or acanthamoeba.
A) Physical exam (at the slit lamp and bedside)
History of plant exposure – ask directly about gardening, garlands, sap, or “milky juice” contact; often the patient did not realize the link. EyeWiki
Visual acuity test – simple eye-chart test to grade vision loss. (Edema usually lowers acuity.) EyeWiki
External inspection – eyelids, lashes, and conjunctiva checked for redness, swelling, or residue. PMC
Slit-lamp biomicroscopy – the key exam: shows corneal edema, Descemet folds, and a generally quiet epithelium in classic Asclepias cases; or surface defects if epithelial toxicity is present. EyeWikiThe Open Ophthalmology Journal
Fluorescein staining – highlights any epithelial defects (more likely with Euphorbia or mixed injuries). Lippincott Journals
Anterior chamber check – looks for cells/flare (inflammation). Often mild or absent in pure endothelial milkweed toxicity. PMCEyeWiki
Eversion of eyelids – ensures no retained plant fragments or debris. PMC
B) “Manual” office tests (simple tools and measurements)
pH paper of the tear film immediately after exposure (if very fresh) to guide irrigation—plant latex can irritate; normalize to neutral with copious rinsing. IOSR Journals
Tonometry (eye pressure measurement) – usually normal here; helps rule out angle-closure or steroid side effects later. EyeWiki
Central corneal thickness (pachymetry) – quick gauge of edema; thick cornea supports the diagnosis and helps monitor recovery. ijooo.org
Corneal esthesiometry (sensation test) if needed to distinguish neurotrophic keratopathy (sensation reduced) from toxic keratopathy (sensation often preserved). (General corneal practice.) EyeWiki
C) Laboratory and pathological tests (to exclude infection or other causes)
Corneal scrapings for Gram stain and culture when an epithelial defect or infiltrate is present (to rule out bacterial keratitis; milkweed toxicity itself is sterile). PMC
KOH/calcofluor staining if fungal keratitis is a concern after plant trauma. (General cornea practice; plant injuries raise suspicion.) PMC
Acanthamoeba testing (smear/culture/PCR) in persistent pain with ring-like infiltrates—so you don’t miss this mimic. PMC
HSV testing (PCR) if dendritic patterns or recurrent unilateral disease suggest herpetic keratitis. (Differential diagnosis principle.) EyeWiki
D) Electrodiagnostic tests (rare, and usually not needed)
Visual evoked potential (VEP) – rarely used; may be considered if vision remains poor while the cornea looks clear, to prove the problem is not in the optic nerve/brain. (General neuro-ophthalmic principle; seldom required here.) EyeWiki
Electroretinography (ERG) – almost never needed; listed for completeness when posterior disease is suspected for unrelated reasons. (General principle.) EyeWiki
Note: Electrodiagnostics do not diagnose milkweed toxicity; they simply help exclude other rare causes of persistent visual loss if the course is atypical.
E) Imaging tests (objective pictures and measurements)
Specular microscopy – images endothelial cells; may show temporarily abnormal cell shapes/sizes or reduced counts after Asclepias/Calotropis exposure. Very useful for tracking recovery. ScienceDirectPMC
Anterior segment OCT – cross-sectional imaging that quantifies corneal swelling and shows Descemet folds. Helpful when the view is hazy. EyeWiki
Scheimpflug tomography (e.g., Pentacam) – maps thickness across the cornea and confirms edema. It helps document improvement over days. ijooo.org
Non-pharmacological treatments
(These are the “no-medicine” steps that protect the eye and speed healing. Many are done immediately or alongside prescribed drops.)
Immediate copious irrigation
What/How: Rinse the eye right away for 15–30 minutes with clean water, sterile saline, or eyewash. Blink and roll the eye while rinsing.
Purpose: Dilutes and removes sap before it penetrates deeper.
Mechanism: Reduces toxin contact time with corneal pumps. (First aid cornerstone.) EyeWikiRemove contact lenses
Purpose: Contacts trap toxins; removal prevents ongoing exposure and allows oxygen flow.
Mechanism: Eliminates a reservoir of sap on the eye.Eyelid eversion and sweep (done by a clinician)
Purpose: Checks for and removes any sap-coated debris under the lids.
Mechanism: Prevents mechanical rubbing and re-exposure with each blink.Cold compresses (10–15 minutes, 3–4×/day)
Purpose: Eases pain and light sensitivity.
Mechanism: Vasoconstriction reduces surface inflammation.Light protection
What: Sunglasses, dim screens, avoid bright sunlight.
Purpose/Mechanism: Less photophobia while the cornea clears.Frequent preservative-free lubrication (if not counted under “drugs” in your local context, treat as supportive care)
Purpose: Cushions the healing surface; washes away residual irritants.
Mechanism: Restores tear film and reduces shear stress.Nighttime eye shield
Purpose: Prevents accidental rubbing during sleep.
Mechanism: Mechanical protection of fragile epithelium.Activity modification
What: Pause dusty, windy, sweaty, or chemical-fume tasks for a few days.
Mechanism: Minimizes re-irritation and micro-trauma.Screen breaks and blink training
Purpose: Prevents dry-out of the healing surface.
Mechanism: Maintains tear distribution over the cornea.Hydration and humidified air
Purpose: Better tear quality and comfort.
Mechanism: Lowers evaporation from the ocular surface.Eyelid hygiene (warm lid massage is avoided early; gentle cleansing only)
Purpose: Keeps margins clean without heat that can aggravate edema.
Mechanism: Reduces bacterial biofilm and irritation.Protective patch (short-term, selective)
Purpose: For severe photophobia without infection risk; used cautiously and rarely.
Mechanism: Rest prevents reflex squeezing and abrasion.Debridement of loose epithelium (in clinic)
Purpose: Removes dead/loose cells that won’t stick back.
Mechanism: Creates a clean bed for healthy re-epithelialization.Bandage contact lens (BCL) (placed by clinician)
Purpose: Pain relief and faster surface healing if there are epithelial defects.
Mechanism: “Splints” the surface to reduce friction with blinking.Amniotic membrane (self-retaining ring or sutured)
Purpose: Biologic dressing for stubborn defects.
Mechanism: Anti-inflammatory and pro-healing growth factors.Punctal occlusion (temporary plug) in select dry eye patients
Purpose: Keeps tears on the eye longer.
Mechanism: Reduces drainage to maintain lubrication.Allergen/irritant avoidance plan
What: Remove milkweed plants near children’s play areas; rethink yard layout.
Mechanism: Source control to prevent repeat events.Occupational safety coaching
What: Teach proper pruning technique and sap handling.
Mechanism: Behavioral change → fewer accidents.Emergency eyewash access at work/home
Purpose: Faster irrigation when accidents happen.
Mechanism: Time-to-rinse strongly influences outcomes.Follow-up and vision rehabilitation tips
What: Temporary stronger lighting, large-print settings, and rest breaks until vision clears.
Mechanism: Lowers visual strain during recovery.
Drug treatments
Safety first: Doses below are typical starting points for adults and may be adjusted by your eye doctor. Children, pregnancy, glaucoma, infections, or other eye diseases change the plan. Never self-use anesthetic drops.
Topical corticosteroid (e.g., prednisolone acetate 1% or dexamethasone 0.1%)
Dose/Time: 4–6×/day for 2–4 days, then taper per doctor.
Purpose: Calm toxic inflammation and speed resolution of corneal edema.
Mechanism: Blocks inflammatory cascades that sustain pump dysfunction.
Side effects: Pressure rise, delayed healing, infection masking (short courses with follow-up). PMCRegion Hovedstadens forskningsportalCycloplegic/mydriatic (e.g., cyclopentolate 1% TID or homatropine 5% BID–TID)
Purpose: Pain relief from ciliary spasm; light sensitivity relief.
Mechanism: Temporarily relaxes the focusing muscle and dilates pupil.
Side effects: Temporary blur, light sensitivity.Broad-spectrum topical antibiotic (e.g., moxifloxacin 0.5% QID or ofloxacin 0.3% QID)
Purpose: Prophylaxis if there are epithelial defects.
Mechanism: Prevents secondary bacterial infection while the surface heals.
Side effects: Rare allergy or irritation. PMCHypertonic saline (5% drops QID ± 5% ointment HS)
Purpose: Draws excess water out of the cornea to reduce haze and halos.
Mechanism: Osmotic gradient pulls fluid from stroma/epithelium.
Side effects: Temporary stinging.Preservative-free artificial tears (q1–2h while awake; gel at night)
Purpose: Comfort and surface healing.
Mechanism: Replaces/augments the tear film.
Side effects: Minimal; avoid benzalkonium chloride if frequent use.IOP-lowering drops if pressure elevates (e.g., timolol 0.5% BID or brimonidine 0.2% TID)
Purpose: Protect optic nerve if pressure goes up.
Mechanism: Decreases aqueous production (timolol) or increases uveoscleral outflow (brimonidine).
Side effects: Timolol—fatigue, wheeze (avoid in asthma); brimonidine—dry mouth, fatigue. (Not always needed.)Oral NSAID (e.g., ibuprofen 400–600 mg every 6–8 h with food)
Purpose: Systemic pain control.
Mechanism: COX inhibition reduces prostaglandins and pain.
Side effects: Stomach upset, kidney risk; avoid if ulcer/renal disease.Topical NSAID (e.g., ketorolac 0.5% QID) (specialist-directed; often avoided)
Purpose: Pain relief when steroids contraindicated.
Mechanism: Local COX inhibition.
Side effects: May slow epithelial healing—use cautiously or avoid in defects.Oral doxycycline 50–100 mg daily (short course, select cases)
Purpose: Support epithelial healing when surface inflammation is high.
Mechanism: MMP inhibition and anti-inflammatory effects.
Side effects: Sun sensitivity, stomach upset; not for pregnancy/children.Topical sodium ascorbate 10% or oral vitamin C (500–1000 mg/day) (adjunct in severe cases)
Purpose: Collagen support and antioxidant effect.
Mechanism: Cofactor for collagen synthesis, scavenges free radicals.
Side effects: GI upset at higher oral doses.
Outcome: Most patients improve within 3–7 days with the combo of irrigation, a short steroid course, a cycloplegic, lubrication, and (when needed) antibiotic prophylaxis. Vision typically returns to baseline. PMCRegion Hovedstadens forskningsportalEyeWiki
Dietary & supportive supplements
Evidence for supplements in milkweed-specific eye injury is limited. These options may support ocular surface healing in general; discuss with your clinician, especially if you’re pregnant, on blood thinners, or have chronic disease.
Vitamin C 500–1000 mg/day
Supports collagen cross-linking and antioxidant defense in healing cornea.Vitamin A 2500–5000 IU/day (or food sources)
Critical for surface cell maturation and mucin formation; avoid high doses in pregnancy.Zinc 10–20 mg/day
Cofactor for epithelial enzymes and antioxidant systems.Omega-3 fatty acids 1000–2000 mg/day (EPA+DHA)
Reduces surface inflammation; improves tear quality.Vitamin D3 1000–2000 IU/day if deficient
Immune modulation and epithelial health.Lutein + Zeaxanthin 10 mg + 2 mg/day
Antioxidant pigments; general ocular antioxidant support.N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) 600 mg/day
Mucolytic/antioxidant that can improve tear film stability; check interactions.Curcumin 500–1000 mg/day with piperine
Anti-inflammatory; may reduce surface cytokines.CoQ10 (Ubiquinol) 100–200 mg/day
Mitochondrial antioxidant support.Taurine 500 mg/day
Osmoregulation and antioxidant roles in ocular tissues.Hyaluronic acid (oral) per product label
Systemic hydration support; topical forms are usually more effective.Bilberry extract 80–160 mg/day
Polyphenols with capillary support; general eye comfort.Alpha-lipoic acid 300–600 mg/day
Recycles antioxidants; nerve support.Probiotics (multi-strain, per label)
Gut-immune axis support; may modulate low-grade inflammation.Magnesium 200–400 mg/day (glycinate or citrate)
Reduces muscle tension and headache that can follow photophobia.
Regenerative / stem-cell related” therapies
These are reserved for prolonged or complicated cases (rare in milkweed injuries).
Autologous serum tears (20% or 40%)
Your own serum is processed into drops rich in growth factors and vitamin A—excellent for persistent epithelial defects.Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) eye drops
Platelet growth factors promote re-epithelialization and reduce inflammation.Amniotic membrane extract/conditioned media drops
Biologic eye drops (where available) that mimic amniotic anti-inflammatory effects without a membrane.Cenegermin (rh-NGF) 0.002%
A nerve growth factor drop approved for neurotrophic keratitis; used off-label only if sap injury unmasks neurotrophic disease.Topical cyclosporine A 0.05–0.1% or lifitegrast 5%
Chronic surface inflammation control if a dry eye cascade persists post-injury.Investigational mesenchymal stem-cell secretome/EV therapies
Research stage; potential for difficult, non-healing ocular surface disease in trials.
Surgical options
Self-retaining amniotic membrane (ring device)
Procedure: In-office placement over the cornea.
Why: Speeds healing of non-closing defects; reduces inflammation.Sutured amniotic membrane transplantation
Procedure: Operating room placement for larger defects.
Why: Stronger biologic bandage when BCL isn’t enough.Superficial keratectomy
Procedure: Carefully removes scarred or irregular surface layers.
Why: Clears vision if persistent surface haze distorts optics.Phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK)
Procedure: Excimer laser smooths superficial corneal scarring.
Why: Improves clarity if localized haze remains after healing.Endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK/DSAEK) or penetrating keratoplasty (PK)
Procedure: Transplant diseased corneal layers (endothelium or full thickness).
Why: Only for permanent endothelial failure and decompensation—very uncommon after milkweed exposure. EyeWiki
Prevention tips
Wear wraparound eye protection when cutting, pruning, or pulling milkweed.
Gloves + sleeves; don’t touch your face while working.
Clip stems carefully; avoid snapping that sprays latex.
Keep children and pets away from fresh cuts and sap.
Wash hands and tools immediately after handling plants.
Do not rub your eyes; if you do, irrigate right away.
Label risky plants in gardens and floristry shops.
Carry a small saline eyewash in your garden kit or truck.
Train staff on first aid: “Rinse first, ask later.”
Seek prompt eye care if vision blurs after plant work. EyeWiki
When to see a doctor
Go now / same day if: your vision is suddenly blurry; pain or light sensitivity is strong; the eye is very red; you handled milkweed shortly before symptoms; you wear contacts; you have only one good eye; or a child is affected.
Urgent follow-up (24–48 h) if: mild symptoms persist after thorough irrigation; you still see halos; or you’re unsure whether sap exposure happened.
Emergency if: severe pain, vomiting with eye pain, a chemical burn from something stronger than plant sap, or you suffered a cut to the eye.
What to eat and what to avoid for faster recovery
Eat more of:
Citrus, kiwi, berries, peppers (vitamin C for collagen).
Eggs, spinach, carrots, sweet potato (vitamin A and carotenoids).
Oily fish (salmon, sardines), flax/chia (omega-3 for surface inflammation).
Lean proteins, legumes, nuts (building blocks for repair).
Plenty of water (tear production and comfort).
Limit/avoid for a few days:
Alcohol and smoking (slow healing, dry the eye).
Very salty/ultra-processed foods (can worsen overall fluid retention; aim for balanced meals).
Excess caffeine (may worsen dryness in some people).
Spicy or steam-heavy cooking if it triggers tearing/eye rubbing.
FAQs
1) Is milkweed eye toxicity the same as a chemical burn?
Not exactly. It’s a toxin-induced pump failure (corneal edema) rather than a classic acid/alkali burn, though first aid—immediate irrigation—is the same. American Academy of Ophthalmology
2) Which milkweeds are risky?
Multiple Asclepias species (e.g., A. curassavica, A. tuberosa, A. fruticosa) contain cardenolides and have been linked to corneal edema. PMC+1Nature
3) How quickly do symptoms start?
Within minutes to hours after exposure; vision may worsen over the first day as edema builds. djo.harvard.edu
4) Will I go blind?
Permanent vision loss is rare if treated promptly. Most cases resolve in days to a couple of weeks. PMCRegion Hovedstadens forskningsportal
5) Why are there “wrinkles” in my cornea?
Those are Descemet folds—creases inside the cornea caused by swelling; they smooth out as the cornea clears. EyeWiki
6) Do I need antibiotics?
Only if the surface is scratched. They’re used to prevent infection, not to neutralize the toxin. PMC
7) Are steroid drops safe?
Short, supervised courses help the inflammation and usually speed recovery. Your doctor will tailor dosing and taper, and will check pressure. PMC
8) Can this raise eye pressure?
The sap doesn’t typically raise pressure, but pressure is checked and treated if needed. Steroid drops can raise pressure in some people. EyeWiki
9) I don’t remember touching milkweed—could it still be the cause?
Yes. Tiny exposures during gardening or handling bouquets can be enough, and people often forget. Review of Ophthalmology
10) Is Euphorbia (spurge) the same problem?
It’s a different plant with irritating latex that can also injure the eye—but by broader inflammatory effects. Care is similar (irrigate, treat). PubMed
11) Do I need surgery?
Almost never. Surgery is for rare complications like permanent endothelial failure. EyeWiki
12) Can I wear my contact lenses?
Not until your doctor confirms the surface is healed—contacts trap toxins and slow recovery.
13) How soon can I drive?
When your vision is comfortably clear in the affected eye, and light sensitivity is minimal—ask your clinician to confirm.
14) Will it come back?
Only with re-exposure. Prevention (glasses, gloves, handwashing) is key.
15) What’s the single most important step?
Irrigate immediately after exposure, then seek eye care the same day. EyeWiki
Disclaimer: Each person’s journey is unique, treatment plan, life style, food habit, hormonal condition, immune system, chronic disease condition, geological location, weather and previous medical history is also unique. So always seek the best advice from a qualified medical professional or health care provider before trying any treatments to ensure to find out the best plan for you. This guide is for general information and educational purposes only. Regular check-ups and awareness can help to manage and prevent complications associated with these diseases conditions. If you or someone are suffering from this disease condition bookmark this website or share with someone who might find it useful! Boost your knowledge and stay ahead in your health journey. We always try to ensure that the content is regularly updated to reflect the latest medical research and treatment options. Thank you for giving your valuable time to read the article.
The article is written by Team RxHarun and reviewed by the Rx Editorial Board Members
Last Updated: August 13, 2025.
