Leptospirosis is an infection caused by spiral-shaped bacteria called Leptospira. These bacteria live in the kidneys of many animals and come out in their ...

Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) is a viral hemorrhagic fever that people get after a bite from an infected tick in or near forested areas. The virus belongs to ...

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare, life-threatening blood disorder. Tiny clots form inside many of the body’s smallest blood vessels. These ...

Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is a large family of inherited brain disorders in which the cerebellum—the brain’s “coordination center”—and its connections ...

Obstructive sleep apnea is a sleep disorder where your throat repeatedly narrows or closes while you sleep. Air has trouble getting into your lungs. This ...

Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) is a genetic muscle disease. The name tells you which muscles are hit first: the face (facio-), the shoulder blades ...

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, fast-moving, and always fatal brain disorder. It happens when a normal body protein called prion protein changes ...

MELAS stands for Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes. It is a rare genetic condition that affects how the tiny “power ...

Fatal Familial Insomnia (FFI) is an ultra-rare, inherited prion disease. A single change in the PRNP gene (classically D178N with methionine at codon 129) ...

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic condition in which harmless-looking overgrowths of tissue (called hamartomas) can develop in many organs. The ...

Sinus pericranii (SP) is a rare problem with veins in the skull. In SP, there is an unusual “shortcut” vein that connects veins inside the skull (the dural ...

Ophthalmic Manifestations of SIBO (Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth) means there are too many bacteria in the small intestine. Those bacteria can ...

Kawasaki disease is an inflammatory illness that mainly affects young children. It causes inflammation in blood vessels all over the body. Doctors call this a ...

Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a dangerous immune reaction to the blood thinner heparin. Your immune system makes antibodies that stick to a normal ...

DiGeorge syndrome is a genetic condition that a baby is born with. It happens when a tiny piece of DNA is missing from chromosome 22. Doctors often call it ...

Systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) is a very rare condition where the tiniest blood vessels in the body (the capillaries) suddenly become “leaky.” When ...