Infantile Hemangioma

Last updated: February 8, 2026Reviewed date: February 8, 2026Reading time: 11 min read
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Infantile Hemangioma
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Infantile hemangioma, also known as "strawberry birthmark," is a type of benign (non-cancerous) tumor that affects the blood vessels in an infant's skin. It is the most common type of birthmark in infants, affecting approximately 5% of all newborns. They typically appear during the first...

For severe symptoms, danger signs, pregnancy, child illness, or sudden worsening, seek urgent medical care.

বাংলা রোগী নোট এখনো যোগ করা হয়নি। পোস্ট এডিটরে “RX Bangla Patient Mode” বক্স থেকে সহজ বাংলা সারাংশ যোগ করুন।

এই তথ্য শিক্ষা ও সচেতনতার জন্য। এটি ডাক্তারি পরীক্ষা, রোগ নির্ণয় বা প্রেসক্রিপশনের বিকল্প নয়।

Article Summary

Infantile hemangioma, also known as "strawberry birthmark," is a type of benign (non-cancerous) tumor that affects the blood vessels in an infant's skin. It is the most common type of birthmark in infants, affecting approximately 5% of all newborns. They typically appear during the first few weeks of life and grow rapidly during the first six months, reaching their maximum size by one year of...

Key Takeaways

  • This article explains Causes in simple medical language.
  • This article explains Symptoms in simple medical language.
  • This article explains Diagnosis in simple medical language.
  • This article explains Treatment in simple medical language.
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Seek urgent medical care if you notice

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Definition

Infantile hemangioma, also known as “strawberry birthmark,” is a type of benign (non-cancerous) tumor that affects the blood vessels in an infant’s skin. It is the most common type of birthmark in infants, affecting approximately 5% of all newborns. They typically appear during the first few weeks of life and grow rapidly during the first six months, reaching their maximum size by one year of age. After that, they tend to shrink in size and fade over time, with most disappearing completely by the time the child reaches five to seven years of age.

There are several types of infantile hemangiomas, each with different characteristics and growth patterns. The following are the most common types:

  1. Superficial hemangiomas: This type of hemangioma affects the blood vessels in the top layer of skin and is usually bright red in color. They are the most common type of infantile hemangioma and typically appear on the face, scalp, chest, and back.
  2. Deep hemangiomas: This type of hemangioma affects the deeper layers of skin and underlying tissues, and is usually blue or purple in color. They tend to be firmer and less compressible than superficial hemangiomas. Deep hemangiomas can occur anywhere on the body, but are most common on the scalp, neck, and trunk.
  3. Segmental hemangiomas: This type of hemangioma is a variation of the superficial type and affects only one side of the body. They are more likely to occur in areas that are supplied by a specific artery, such as the face or arms.
  4. Mixed hemangiomas: This type of hemangioma is a combination of superficial and deep hemangiomas and may appear as both a bright red and blue or purple color.
  5. Proliferating hemangiomas: This type of hemangioma is characterized by rapid growth and can be dangerous if it affects vital organs such as the eyes, mouth, or airway.

Infantile hemangiomas are caused by the overgrowth of blood vessels in the skin. The exact cause is not known, but it is believed to be related to changes in the normal balance of blood vessel formation and destruction that occurs during embryonic development. Other factors that may contribute to the development of infantile hemangiomas include genetics, maternal factors (such as smoking or use of certain medications during pregnancy), and premature birth.

Causes

While the exact cause of infantile hemangiomas is not known, there are several factors that are believed to contribute to their development. Here are possible causes of infantile hemangiomas:

  1. Genetics: There is evidence that infantile hemangiomas can run in families, suggesting that there may be a genetic component to their development.
  2. Maternal factors: Some studies have suggested that maternal factors, such as smoking during pregnancy, use of certain medications, and advanced maternal age, may increase the risk of developing an infantile hemangioma.
  3. Hormonal factors: Hormonal imbalances during pregnancy, such as elevated levels of estrogen or progesterone, have been suggested as a potential cause of infantile hemangiomas.
  4. Immune system dysfunction: Infantile hemangiomas may develop as a result of an abnormal response of the immune system.
  5. Infections: Some infections during pregnancy, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) or rubella, have been linked to an increased risk of infantile hemangiomas.
  6. Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental toxins, such as pesticides, during pregnancy or early childhood may increase the risk of developing an infantile hemangioma.
  7. Nutritional factors: Nutritional deficiencies, such as low levels of vitamin C or iron, during pregnancy or early childhood have been suggested as a potential cause of infantile hemangiomas.
  8. Prematurity: Infants who are born prematurely are at an increased risk of developing an infantile hemangioma.
  9. Low birth weight: Infants who have a low birth weight are also at an increased risk of developing an infantile hemangioma.
  10. Multiple gestation: Infants who are part of a multiple gestation (such as twins or triplets) are at an increased risk of developing an infantile hemangioma.
  11. Placental abnormalities: Abnormalities of the placenta during pregnancy, such as placental insufficiency, have been linked to an increased risk of infantile hemangiomas.
  12. Blood flow abnormalities: Abnormal blood flow in the developing fetus, such as a blood clot or a blood vessel that is compressed, may increase the risk of developing an infantile hemangioma.
  13. Oxygen deprivation: Deprivation of oxygen during pregnancy or delivery, known as perinatal asphyxia, may increase the risk of developing an infantile hemangioma.
  14. Maternal stress: Maternal stress during pregnancy has been suggested as a potential cause of infantile hemangiomas.
  15. Maternal psychological factors: Maternal psychological factors, such as depression or anxiety, have been linked to an increased risk of infantile hemangiomas.
  16. Maternal autoimmune disease: Maternal autoimmune diseases, such as lupus or pain, swelling, stiffness, or reduced movement. সহজ বাংলা: জয়েন্টের প্রদাহ।" data-rx-term="arthritis" data-rx-definition="Arthritis means joint inflammation causing pain, swelling, stiffness, or reduced movement. সহজ বাংলা: জয়েন্টের প্রদাহ।">arthritis: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune joint disease causing infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">inflammation, pain, and swelling. সহজ বাংলা: রোগপ্রতিরোধ ব্যবস্থার ভুল আক্রমণে জয়েন্টের প্রদাহ।" data-rx-term="rheumatoid arthritis" data-rx-definition="Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune joint disease causing inflammation, pain, and swelling. সহজ বাংলা: রোগপ্রতিরোধ ব্যবস্থার ভুল আক্রমণে জয়েন্টের প্রদাহ।">rheumatoid arthritis, have been linked to an increased risk of infantile hemangiomas.
  17. Maternal infections: Some maternal infections, such as syphilis or toxoplasmosis, have been linked to an increased risk of infantile hemangiomas.
  18. Maternal substance abuse: Substance abuse during pregnancy, such as alcohol or drug abuse, has been linked to an increased risk of infantile hemangiomas.

Symptoms

Here are symptoms of infantile hemangioma:

  1. Red or purple birthmark: The first and most obvious symptom of IH is a red or purple birthmark that appears on the skin of the affected area. This birthmark can be flat or raised and may be small or large.
  2. Rapid growth: Infantile hemangiomas often grow rapidly in the first few months of life, and the size of the birthmark may double or triple in size within a short period of time.
  3. Location: IHs can develop anywhere on the body, but they are most commonly found on the face, scalp, chest, and back.
  4. Shape: IHs can take on various shapes, including oval, circular, or irregular shapes.
  5. Texture: The texture of IHs can vary, ranging from soft and spongy to firm and hard.
  6. Ulceration: In some cases, IHs may develop an ulcer or open sore on the surface of the birthmark, which can be painful and may cause bleeding.
  7. Itching: Some infants with IH may experience itching or discomfort in the affected area.
  8. Pain: Infants with IH may experience pain or tenderness in the affected area.
  9. Impaired vision: IHs located near the eyes or on the eyelids may cause impaired vision or even blindness if left untreated.
  10. Breathing difficulties: IHs located in the throat or near the airways may cause breathing difficulties, especially in infants.
  11. Disfigurement: Large IHs can cause disfigurement and can affect the appearance of the face, neck, or other areas of the body.
  12. Feeding difficulties: Infants with IHs located near the mouth or in the throat may experience feeding difficulties, including difficulty swallowing or breathing while eating.
  13. Hearing difficulties: IHs located near the ears may cause hearing difficulties.
  14. Developmental delays: Infants with IHs may experience developmental delays, including delayed motor or cognitive development.
  15. Stunted growth: Infants with IHs may experience stunted growth or weight loss due to feeding difficulties or other complications related to the birthmark.
  16. Anemia: Infants with IHs may develop anemia due to blood loss from ulceration or other complications.
  17. High blood pressure: Infants with IHs may experience high blood pressure due to increased blood flow to the affected area.
  18. Increased risk of infection: Infants with IHs may be at increased risk of developing infections due to ulceration or other complications.
  19. Psychological distress: Infants with IHs may experience psychological distress, including anxiety, shame, or low self-esteem due to the appearance of the birthmark.

Diagnosis

There are several diagnostic tests and procedures used to diagnose and monitor IH, including:

  1. Physical Examination: This is the first step in diagnosing IH. The doctor will examine the skin for any signs of abnormal growth or discoloration.
  2. Ultrasound: This is a non-invasive imaging test that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the inside of the body. It can be used to confirm the diagnosis of IH and to monitor its growth.
  3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): This is a type of imaging test that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the body. It can be used to determine the size and location of an IH and to monitor its growth.
  4. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: This is a type of imaging test that uses X-rays and computer technology to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body. It can be used to determine the size and location of an IH and to monitor its growth.
  5. Biopsy: A biopsy is a procedure in which a small sample of tissue is taken from the IH and examined under a microscope. This can be used to confirm the diagnosis of IH and to rule out other conditions that may look similar.
  6. Dermoscopy: This is a non-invasive diagnostic tool that uses a special magnifying lens to examine the surface of the skin. It can be used to help diagnose IH and to monitor its growth.
  7. Angiography: This is a diagnostic test that uses X-rays and a special dye to visualize the blood vessels in the body. It can be used to determine the location and size of an IH and to monitor its growth.

Treatment

Treatment for infantile hemangiomas depends on the size, location, and depth of the ulcer. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের অস্বাভাবিক দাগ, ক্ষত বা ফোলা অংশ।" data-rx-term="lesion" data-rx-definition="A lesion is an abnormal area of tissue such as a spot, wound, patch, lump, or ulcer. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের অস্বাভাবিক দাগ, ক্ষত বা ফোলা অংশ।">lesion, as well as the age of the child and the presence of any associated medical problems. Here are 20 treatments for infantile hemangiomas:

  1. Observation: For small, superficial hemangiomas, simply observing the ulcer. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের অস্বাভাবিক দাগ, ক্ষত বা ফোলা অংশ।" data-rx-term="lesion" data-rx-definition="A lesion is an abnormal area of tissue such as a spot, wound, patch, lump, or ulcer. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের অস্বাভাবিক দাগ, ক্ষত বা ফোলা অংশ।">lesion without treatment may be the best approach. This is because many hemangiomas shrink and disappear on their own over time.
  2. Topical Corticosteroids: Topical corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone, can be used to treat superficial hemangiomas. They work by reducing infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">inflammation and helping the ulcer. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের অস্বাভাবিক দাগ, ক্ষত বা ফোলা অংশ।" data-rx-term="lesion" data-rx-definition="A lesion is an abnormal area of tissue such as a spot, wound, patch, lump, or ulcer. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের অস্বাভাবিক দাগ, ক্ষত বা ফোলা অংশ।">lesion shrink.
  3. Systemic Corticosteroids: Systemic corticosteroids, such as prednisone, can be used to treat larger or more severe hemangiomas. They work by reducing infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">inflammation throughout the body and causing the lesion to shrink.
  4. Interferon: Interferon is a type of protein that can be used to treat severe or disfiguring hemangiomas. It works by reducing the growth of blood vessels and causing the lesion to shrink.
  5. Propranolol: Propranolol is a type of beta-blocker that can be used to treat infantile hemangiomas. It works by reducing the growth of blood vessels and causing the lesion to shrink.
  6. Vincristine: Vincristine is a type of chemotherapy drug that can be used to treat infantile hemangiomas. It works by reducing the growth of blood vessels and causing the lesion to shrink.
  7. Lasers: Lasers, such as the pulsed-dye laser, can be used to treat superficial hemangiomas. They work by destroying the extra blood vessels in the lesion and causing it to shrink.
  8. Surgical Excision: Surgical excision can be used to remove larger or more severe hemangiomas. This involves cutting out the lesion and suturing the wound closed.
  9. Cryotherapy: Cryotherapy involves freezing the lesion with liquid nitrogen to destroy the extra blood vessels and cause it to shrink.
  10. Radiotherapy: Radiotherapy involves using high-energy radiation to destroy the extra blood vessels in the lesion and cause it to shrink.
  11. Embolization: Embolization involves injecting a material into the blood vessels of the lesion to block their flow and cause the lesion to shrink.
  12. Topical Timolol: Topical timolol, a type of beta-blocker, can be used to treat infantile hemangiomas. It works by reducing the growth of blood vessels and causing the lesion to shrink.
  13. Imiquimod: Imiquimod is a type of immune-response modifier that can be used to treat infantile hemangiomas. It works by stimulating the immune system to attack the extra blood vessels in the lesion and cause it to shrink.
  14. Ritonavir: Ritonavir is a type of antiviral drug that can be used to treat infantile hemangiomas. It works by reducing the growth of blood vessels

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Safety note: This is not a prescription or diagnosis. For severe symptoms, pregnancy danger signs, children with serious illness, chest pain, breathing difficulty, stroke-like weakness, or major injury, seek urgent care.

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Start with a registered doctor or the nearest qualified health center.

What to tell the doctor

  • Write when the problem started and how it changed.
  • Bring old prescriptions, investigation reports, and current medicines.
  • Write allergies, pregnancy status, diabetes, kidney/liver disease, and major past illnesses.
  • Bring one family member if the patient is weak, elderly, confused, or a child.

Questions to ask

  • What is the most likely cause of my symptoms?
  • Which danger signs mean I should go to hospital quickly?
  • Which tests are necessary now, and which can wait?
  • How should I take medicines safely and what side effects should I watch for?
  • When should I come for follow-up?

Tests to discuss

  • Vital signs: temperature, pulse, blood pressure, oxygen saturation
  • Basic physical examination by a clinician
  • CBC, urine test, blood sugar, or imaging only when clinically needed

Avoid these mistakes

  • Do not use antibiotics, steroid tablets/injections, or strong painkillers without proper medical advice.
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  • Do not delay emergency care when danger signs are present.

Medicine safety and first-aid guide

This section is for patient education only. It does not replace a doctor, pharmacist, or emergency care.

Safe first steps

  • Avoid heavy lifting, sudden bending, and prolonged bed rest.
  • Use comfortable posture and gentle movement as tolerated.
  • Discuss physiotherapy, X-ray, or MRI only when clinically needed.

OTC medicine safety

  • For mild back pain, pain-relief medicine may be discussed with a doctor or pharmacist.
  • Avoid repeated painkiller use if you have kidney disease, stomach ulcer, uncontrolled blood pressure, or are taking blood thinners.

Avoid these mistakes

  • Do not start antibiotics without a proper medical decision.
  • Do not use steroid tablets or injections casually for quick relief.
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Get urgent help if

  • Back pain with leg weakness, numbness around private area, loss of urine/stool control, fever, cancer history, or major injury needs urgent care.
Medicine names, dose, and timing must be decided by a qualified clinician or pharmacist after checking age, pregnancy, allergy, other diseases, and current medicines.

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Patient health record and symptom diary

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Doctor to discuss: Doctor / qualified healthcare provider
Tests to discuss with doctor
  • Basic vital signs: temperature, pulse, blood pressure, oxygen level if needed
  • Relevant blood, urine, imaging, or specialist tests only after clinical assessment
Questions to ask
  • What is the most likely cause of my symptoms?
  • Which warning signs mean I should go to emergency care?
  • Which tests are really needed now?
  • Which medicines are safe for my age, pregnancy status, allergy, kidney/liver/stomach condition, and current medicines?

Emergency warning signs such as chest pain, severe breathing difficulty, sudden weakness, confusion, severe dehydration, major injury, or loss of bladder/bowel control need urgent medical care. Do not wait for online information.

Safe pathway to proper treatment

Care roadmap for: Infantile Hemangioma

Use this simple roadmap to understand the next safe steps. It is educational and does not replace examination by a doctor.

Go to emergency care if you notice:
  • Severe or rapidly worsening symptoms
  • Breathing difficulty, chest pain, fainting, confusion, severe weakness, major injury, or severe dehydration
Doctor / service to discuss: Qualified healthcare provider; specialist depends on symptoms and examination.
  1. Step 1

    Check danger signs first

    If danger signs are present, seek emergency care and do not wait for online information.

  2. Step 2

    Record the symptom story

    Write when symptoms started, severity, medicines already taken, allergies, pregnancy status, and test results.

  3. Step 3

    Visit a qualified clinician

    A doctor, nurse, or qualified healthcare provider can examine you and decide which tests or treatment are needed.

  4. Step 4

    Do only useful tests

    Do tests after clinical assessment. Avoid unnecessary tests, random antibiotics, or repeated medicines without diagnosis.

  5. Step 5

    Follow up and return early if worse

    If symptoms worsen, new warning signs appear, or treatment is not helping, return for review quickly.

Rural patient practical tips
  • Take a written symptom diary and all previous prescriptions/test reports.
  • Do not hide medicines already taken, even herbal or over-the-counter medicines.
  • Ask which warning signs mean urgent referral to hospital.

This roadmap is for education. A real diagnosis and treatment plan requires history, examination, and clinical judgment.

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Write your symptom story. A health professional or site editor can review it before any answer is prepared. This box is not for emergency care.

Emergency first: Severe chest pain, breathing trouble, unconsciousness, stroke signs, severe injury, heavy bleeding, or rapidly worsening symptoms need urgent local medical care now.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is this article a replacement for a doctor?

No. It is educational content only. Patients should consult a qualified clinician for diagnosis and treatment.

When should I seek urgent care?

Seek urgent care for severe symptoms, rapidly worsening condition, breathing difficulty, severe pain, neurological changes, or any emergency warning sign.

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    DefinitionCongenital? ectropion uveae, often shortened to CEU, is a very rare eye condition present from birth. In this condition, the dark pigment layer that normally stays...

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  2. Dolichol-Phosphate-Mannose Synthase 1 Deficiency

    DefinitionDolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase 1 deficiency is a very rare inherited disease. Doctors also call it DPM1-CDG. It belongs to a group called congenital? disorders of glycosylation, or...

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  3. Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation Caused by Mutation in DPM1

    DefinitionCongenital? disorder of glycosylation caused by mutation in DPM1 is a very rare inherited metabolic disease. It is usually called DPM1-CDG. In this condition, the body...

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  4. Carbohydrate-Deficient Glycoprotein Syndrome Type IE

    DefinitionCarbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type Ie is an old name for DPM1-congenital? disorder of glycosylation, often written as DPM1-CDG. It is a very rare inherited metabolic disease....

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  5. Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation Type 1e

    DefinitionCongenital? disorder of glycosylation type 1e, also called DPM1-CDG or CDG-Ie, is a very rare inherited metabolic disease. It happens when the DPM1 gene does not...

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  6. Carbohydrate Deficiency Glycoprotein Syndrome

    DefinitionCarbohydrate deficiency glycoprotein syndrome is the older name for part of a larger group now called congenital? disorders of glycosylation, or CDG. In simple words, the...

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  7. Congenital Chronic Diarrhea with Protein-Losing Enteropathy

    DefinitionCongenital? chronic? diarrhea? with protein-losing enteropathy is not usually one single disease name. It is a clinical description for a baby or young child who has...

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  8. Congenital Chronic Diarrhea with Exudative Enteropathy

    DefinitionCongenital? chronic? diarrhea? with exudative enteropathy is a rare inherited early-life intestinal disease in which the gut does not handle nutrients, fluids, and proteins normally, so...

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  9. Congenital Diarrhea 7 with Exudative Enteropathy

    DefinitionCongenital? diarrhea? 7 with exudative enteropathy is a very rare inherited intestinal disease. It usually starts in the newborn period or early infancy. The baby has...

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  10. Chronic Infantile Diarrhea Due to Guanylate Cyclase 2C Overactivity

    DefinitionChronic? infantile diarrhea? due to guanylate cyclase 2C overactivity is a very rare inherited bowel disease. It usually starts very early in life, often in infancy,...

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