Turkey Tail, Trametes versicolour, Coriolus versicolour

Turkey Tail, scientifically known as Trametes versicolor or Coriolus versicolor, is a common polypore mushroom found throughout the world. It is a beneficial mushroom of the Agaricomycetes class and Polyporaceae family. It’s one of the 100 species of mushrooms that have been researched for their medicinal properties.  The mushroom is native to Europe, Asia, and North America and is found growing abundantly throughout the world. Few of the popular common names of the mushroom are Turkey tail, turkey tail fungus, Many-zoned Polypore, PSK, PSP, VPS, Yun Zhi, Kawaratake and Krestin. Trametes means “one who is thin”; Versicolor means “of various colors” in reference to the strongly zonate cap. Turkey tail mushroom, or otherwise referred to as turkey tail fungus, may just be one of the best functional foods and mushrooms out there.

Turkey’s tail mushroom grows on dead logs in woodland environments worldwide and gets its name from the brown and tan rings that look like the tail feathers of a turkey. It’s a type of bracket fungi, which means that it forms thin, circular structures that appear leaf-like. The mushroom is best known to stimulate immune function and reduce infection?, or irritation, often causing pain?, swelling?, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">inflammation?. It has a long history of use in Asia among practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine, who used formulations of turkey tail to promote general health, strength and longevity.  It is used in traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic, and recent studies suggest that it has immune-stimulant and anti-tumor properties.

Plant description

Turkey tail is a common polypore mushroom which is found growing in saprobic to weakly parasitic; clustered, usually overlapping or infused rosettes on dead deciduous wood or on dying trees, rarely on Conifer wood.

Cap

The top surface of the cap shows typical concentric zones of different colors.  It is flat, 2–8 cm across; 1–4 cm deep; 1–2 mm thick; plano-convex to flat; in outline circular, semicircular, fan-shaped, bracket-shaped, or kidney-shaped; often fused with other caps; flexible when fresh; densely hairy or velvety, often with alternating zones of texture; with concentric zones of white, gray, brown, cinnamon, orangish, and reddish-brown (but highly variable in color and sometimes with other shades, including blue, green, and orange). It commonly grows in tiled layers.

Pore Surface

Pore surface is whitish to pale brownish, not bruising, with 3–6 or more tiny pores per mm. Tubes are up to 1.5 mm deep.

Flesh

The flesh is insubstantial; whitish, except for a very thin black line (in cross-section) separating the cap surface from the flesh; tough and leathery.

Microscopic Features

Spores are 4.5–5.5 x 1.5–2 µm, cylindric, smooth, hyaline in KOH, inamyloid. Basidia is 18–20 x 3–4.5 µm, 4-spored, clamped. Cystidia not found. Hyphal system is trimitic

Health benefits of Turkey Tail

The health benefits of Turkey Tail is mentioned below

1. Prevents and Treats the Common Cold and Flu

Turkey tail mushroom has long been known to stave off any infection?, including those related with the common cold or flu. It helps your immune system become more resilient against ill-causing germs. When flu season approaches, you may want to include turkey tail as a supplement in your dietary routine. The turkey tail mushroom has been shown to modulate the immune system, helping fight infections, illness and diseases.

2. May Enhance Gut Health

Keeping a healthy balance of beneficial bacteria in your gut is important for maintaining a strong immune system. Gut bacteria normally interact with immune cells and directly impact your immune response. Turkey tail consists of prebiotics, which help nourish these helpful bacteria.

Research has concluded that turkey tail extract improved gut bacteria composition by increasing populations of beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus while reducing potentially harmful bacteria, such as Clostridium and Staphylococcus.

Having healthy bacteria has been related to improved intestinal symptoms like diarrhea?, enhanced immune system, reduced cholesterol? levels, lower risks of certain cancers and improved digestion.(1), (2), (3)

3. Reduce the risk of insulin? is low or not working well. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তে চিনি বেশি থাকার রোগ।" data-rx-term="diabetes" data-rx-definition="Diabetes is a condition where blood sugar stays too high because insulin is low or not working well. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তে চিনি বেশি থাকার রোগ।">Diabetes?

Turkey tail can help the digestive system in yet another way: by helping regulate blood sugars. Diet high in sugar and processed foods is inarguably awful for health, and can even lead to type 2 insulin? is low or not working well. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তে চিনি বেশি থাকার রোগ।" data-rx-term="diabetes" data-rx-definition="Diabetes is a condition where blood sugar stays too high because insulin is low or not working well. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তে চিনি বেশি থাকার রোগ।">diabetes?. Research has suggested supplementation of turkey tail may reduce this risk. One research showed that extract of the mushroom helped reduce insulin resistance for both protection against and a possible aide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

4. Helps Treat Human Papilloma Virus

Turkey tail mushrooms may help heal infections, such as an oral tendon?. সহজ বাংলা: মাংসপেশি/টেনডনে টান।" data-rx-term="strain" data-rx-definition="A strain is injury to a muscle or tendon. সহজ বাংলা: মাংসপেশি/টেনডনে টান।">strain? of the human papillomavirus (HPV). The research was carried out in 61 patients along with gum disease. 88 percent of the patients who received both turkey tail and reishi mushrooms showed positive results after two months of treatment. HPV in the mouth can sometimes lead to oropharyngeal cancer of the mouth.(4)

5. Aids in Digestion

Mycelium present in the turkey tail mushroom may help you have a smoother digestion process. The mushroom consists of perfect prebiotics that assists the microbiome. This means that it can help the growth of good bacteria in the body, including acidophilus and bifidobacterium, which is even more beneficial for anyone suffering from leaky gut syndrome. This better digestion could even help you lose weight.(5)

6. Packed With Antioxidants

Antioxidants are compounds that help inhibit or reduce damage caused by oxidative stress. Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between antioxidants and unstable molecules known as free radicals. This can result in cellular damage and chronic? infection?, or irritation, often causing pain?, swelling?, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">inflammation?.

This imbalance has also been associated to an increased risk of developing health conditions, such as certain cancers and heart disease. Thankfully, eating foods rich in antioxidants or supplementing with these powerful compounds can reduce oxidative stress and infection?, or irritation, often causing pain?, swelling?, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">inflammation?.(6), (7), (8)

7. Support many chronic? diseases

Turkey tail could be a natural supplement for both helping reduce the risk of and supporting a wide range of illnesses. These could include all disorders such as autoimmune? conditions, HIV, AIDS, type 2 insulin? is low or not working well. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তে চিনি বেশি থাকার রোগ।" data-rx-term="diabetes" data-rx-definition="Diabetes is a condition where blood sugar stays too high because insulin is low or not working well. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তে চিনি বেশি থাকার রোগ।">diabetes?, and more—but also heart disease, liver disease, digestive disorders, and pretty much any degenerative disease owing to turkey tail’s richness in healthful antioxidants.

8. May Help Patients with HIV/AIDS

Research has reveal that the use of turkey tail mushroom, along with other wild medicinal East African mushrooms, may be beneficial in treating patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma, a skin cancer often affecting those with HIV/AIDS. The same product has also benefited patients with HIV/AIDS even without the sarcoma.

Turkey tail has antibacterial and antioxidant properties; therefore, an extract of the turkey tail mushroom may be helpful.(9)

9. Contains Immune-Boosting Polysaccharopeptides

Polysaccharopeptides are protein-bound polysaccharides that are found in turkey tail mushroom extract. Krestin (PSK) and Polysaccharide Peptide (PSP) are two types of polysaccharopeptides found in turkey tails. Both PSK and PSP possess powerful immune-boosting properties. They promote immune response by both activating and inhibiting specific types of immune cells and by suppressing infection?, or irritation, often causing pain?, swelling?, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">inflammation?.

For instance, test-tube studies have demonstrated that PSP increases monocytes, which are types of white blood cells that fight infection? and boost immunity. PSK stimulates dendritic cells that promote immunity to toxins and regulate the immune response. Additionally, PSK activates specialized white blood cells called macrophages, which protect your body against harmful substances like certain bacteria.(10), (11), (12)

10. Improve Immune Function in People with Cancers

Research has demonstrated that turkey tail mushrooms may have antitumor properties, thought to be related to its immune-boosting effects. One test-tube study found that PSK, the polysaccharopeptide found in turkey tail mushrooms, inhibited the growth and spread of human colon cancer cells.

Research in tumor-bearing mice found that treatment with 45.5 and 90.9 mg per pound (100 and 200 mg per kg) of body weight of CVG extracted from turkey tail mushrooms daily significantly reduced tumor size.(13), (14)

11. Helps protect the liver

As it turns out, this colorful mushroom may be a protector of one of the body’s most important organs: the liver.

The liver is an important protector, purifier, and producer of important hormones, enzymes, and antibodies. As such, it’s also an integral key player in the immune system.

12. Enhance the Efficacy of Certain Cancer Treatments

Turkey tail is commonly used in tandem with traditional treatments like chemotherapy as a natural way to fight certain cancers.

Research found that patients given 1–3.6 grams of turkey tail mushroom per day along with conventional treatment had a significant survival advantage.

Research showed that people with breast cancer, gastric cancer or colorectal cancer treated with turkey tail and chemotherapy experienced a 9% reduction in 5-year mortality compared to chemotherapy alone. (15), (16)

13. May improve athletic performance

Research showed that turkey tail extract improved exercise performance and reduced fatigue. Plus, the mice treated with turkey tail experienced lower blood sugar levels at rest and post-exercise.

Traditional uses and benefits of Turkey tail

• When used in combination with certain chemotherapy regimens, PSK may benefit patients following surgical removal of the stomach and colorectal cancers.
• PSK is possibly useful as an adjuvant in the treatment of gastric, esophageal, colorectal, breast, and lung cancers.
• It is used along with the treatment of cancer in Chemotherapy.
• It increases the chances of 5 year survival in cancer.
• It decreases liver toxicity and increases appetite.
• Turkey tail is deeply nutritive and nourishing to the immune system.
• Turkey tail broth is helpful for people who are convalescing after illness because it is easy to digest and its nutrients are easily absorbed into the body.
• Sip turkey tail tea at the onset of a cold, flu, or fever.
• The compounds in the fungus stimulate the immune system and affect tumor growth.

Different ways of using Turkey Tail

There are many ways you can include turkey tail into your diet, from fresh turkey tails to extracts, tinctures and powders. One of the smartest ways to get your turkey tail in is a super food powder, like Organifi Gold that allows your body to enjoy the benefits of this medicinal mushroom along with other powerful super foods.

Fresh Turkey tail

You can find turkey tail anywhere in the world if you go mushroom hunting. However, make sure to learn more about mushroom foraging, go with someone knowledgeable and learn more about mushrooms before picking up anything. Using fresh turkey tail mushrooms, you can cook them, make tea out of them and make your own tinctures, powders and extracts even.

Cooked Turkey tail

You can cook turkey tail mushrooms like you would with any other mushrooms. Clean them off, wash them well, and then dry them. You can steam, simmer, or sauté them and use them in soups and stews. If you are using powders or extracts, you can make tea, smoothies and juices out of them and even sneak them into baked goods. Be creative and don’t be afraid to try new things.

Turkey tail Mushroom Extract

Turkey tail extracts are more potent than simple turkey tail powders. However, many turkey tail extracts are specialized, known as PSK or PSP. These specialized extracts focus on the single polysaccharides in the mushroom, creating a powerful extract, but excluding many other beneficial compounds. PSK has been found particularly helpful for chemotherapy patients taking 3 mg daily. You can find turkey tail mushroom extracts in health food stores and online in a powder or supplement format.

Turkey tail Tincture

Turkey tail tinctures are a liquid format you can use to reap the benefits of these medicinal mushrooms. You can add some drops to water, smoothies, juices and other drinks or recipes. You can find them in health food stores and online or even learn to make your own. While many tinctures are made with alcohol, you can also find alcohol-free varieties on the market.

Turkey tail Powder

Turkey tail powders are basically a powdered form of dried turkey tail mushrooms. They are not as powerful as turkey tail extracts, thought they include most beneficial compounds without specializing in one specific one. Like extracts, they can be found at health food stores and online and can be added to smoothies, juices, shakes, dips, sauces, dishes and baked goods.

Turkey Tail and Turmeric Tea

Ingredients:

• 1 cup chopped turkey tail mushroom
• 5 cups purified water
• 5 teaspoons ground turmeric
• ½ teaspoon local honey
• 1 drop lemon essential oil

Directions

1. Chop the turkey tail mushroom into small pieces and add to a large pot of water on the stove.
2. Bring the water to a boil, then simmer for an hour.
3. Strain the mixture through a colander. Add a ½ teaspoon of fresh ground turmeric and the honey and stir.
4. Add the lemon essential oil and stir again.
5. That’s it — time to drink!

If you’d like to add additional flavor, almond milk, one drop of cinnamon, ginger or lemon essential oil, or stevia are good options.

Feel free to add the rest of your turmeric to your leftovers while it’s still warm since it’s easier to blend, and keep any leftovers in the refrigerator. You can then reheat or serve chilled or on ice.

Precautions

• It may cause nausea or vomiting.
• Some people may experience digestive symptoms like gas, bloating, and dark stools when taking turkey tail mushrooms.
• When used as a cancer treatment alongside chemotherapy, side effects including nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite have been reported.
• Another potential side effect of consuming turkey tail mushrooms is the darkening of the fingernails.
• It is not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women.

References